At age 89, Mary Fasano graduated with a bachelor s degree from the Extension School last week and entered the htory books as the oldest person to earn an undergraduate degree at Harvard. Following the speech she delivered -- "The Power of Knowledge" -- at the Extension School diploma awarding ceremony:
I remember one night a few years ago when my daughter was frantic with worry. After my Harvard Extension School classes, I usually arrived at the bus station near my home by 11 p.m., but on that night I was nowhere to be found. My daughter was nervous. It wasn t safe for a single woman to walk alone on the streets at night, especially one as defenseless as I am: I can slay a mugger with my sharp wit, but I m just too short to do any real physical damage.
That night my daughter checked the bus station, drove around the streets, and contacted some friends. But she couldn t find me -- until she called my astronomy professor who told her that I was on top of the Science Center using the telescope to gaze at the stars. Unaware of the time, I had gotten lost in the heavens and was only thinking about the new things I had learned that night in class.
Th story illustrates a habit I have developed over the years: I lose track of the time when it comes to learning. How else do you explain a woman who began high school at age 71 and who graduating with a bachelor s degree at 89? I may have started late, but I will continue to learn as long as I am able because there no greater feeling, in my opinion, than traveling to a faraway country as I have and being able to identify by sight the painting of a famous artt, the statue of an obscure sculptor, the cathedral of an ancient architect. I have found that the world a final exam that you can never be prepared enough for. So I will continue to take classes and tell my story.
Lately it seems that everyone asking me, "Mary, what advice do you have for other students?" So while I have you all here, I m going to ease my burden of answering you each individually:
If the saying true that wdom comes with age, you may safely assume that I am one of the west people in th hall and possibly at th university today. So lten to me when I tell you th: Knowledge power.
My studies were interrupted when I was in the 7th grade, back sometime around World War I. I loved school but I was forced to leave it to care for my family. I was consigned to work in a Rhode Island cotton mill, where I labored for many years. I eventually married and raed 5 children, 20 grandchildren, and 18 great-grandchildren. But all the while I felt inferior to those around me. I knew I was as smart as a college graduate. I knew I was capable of doing a job well -- I had proved it by running a successful family business for decades that still exts. But I wanted more. I wanted to feel confident when I spoke and I wanted people to respect my opinions.
Does it surpre you to dcover how much you have in common with an 89-year-old woman? I know that many of you graduates today, whether you were born in 1907 or 1967, have faced similar barriers to completing your studies and have sometimes felt inferior around those you work or socialize with just because you didn t have a degree.
But I am here today -- like you are -- to prove that it can be done; that the power gained by understanding and appreciating the world around us can be obtained by anyone regardless of social status, personal challenges, or age. That belief what has motivated me for the last 75 years to get th degree. It also the msion of the Harvard Extension School. Without the support I received from th school, I might not have graduated until I was 100 -- a phrase that many of you have probably used in jest.
There are many students here who do not have the opportunity that I do to speak their minds and have everybody lten, whether they want to or not. But be assured, fellow graduates, that we are more similar than you might think. If you have treated education as your main goal, and not as a means to an end, then you, too, have probably been claimed as a msing person once in your academic career, whether you were lost in the stars or the stacks of Widener Library.
And you, too, know that the journey was worth it, and that the power of knowledge makes me the most formidable 89-year-old woman at the bus stop.
If somebody tells you, " I'll love you for ever," will you believe it?
I don't think there's any reason not to. we are ready to believe such commitment at the moment, whatever change may happen afterwards. As for the belief in an everlasting love, that's another thing.
Then you may be asked whether there such a thing as an everlasting love. I'd answer i believe in it. But an everlasting love not immutable.
You may unswervingly love or be loved by a person. But love will change its composition with the passage of time. It will not remain the same. In the course of your growth and as a result of your increased experience, love will become something different to you.
In the beginning you believed a fervent love for a person could last indefinitely. By and by, however," fervent" gave way to " prosaic" . Precely because of th change it became possible for love to last. Then what was meant by an everlasting love would eventually end up in a sort of interdependence.
We used to inst on the difference between love and liking. The former seemed much more beautiful than the latter. one day, however, it turns out there's really no need to make such difference. Liking actually a sort of love. By the same token, the everlasting interdependence actually an everlasting love.
I wh could believe there was somebody who would love me forever. That's, as we all know, too romantic to be true. Instead, it will more often than not be a case of lasting relationship.
"On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in h armchair, peacefully gone to sleep-but forever.
"An immeasurable loss has been sustained both by the militant proletariat of Europe and America, and by htorical science, in the death of th man. The gap that has been left by the departure of th mighty spirit will soon enough make itself felt.
"Just as Darwin dcovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx dcovered the law of development of human htory: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of substence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.
"But that not all. Marx also dcovered the special law of motion governing the present-day capitalt mode of production and the bourgeo society that th mode of production has created. The dcovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeo economts and socialt critics, had been groping in the dark.
"Two such dcoveries would be enough for one lifetime. Happy the man to whom it granted to make even one such dcovery. But in every single field which Marx investigated -- and he investigated very many fields, none of them superficially -- in every field, even in that of mathematics, he made independent dcoveries.
——4级晨读英语美文3篇
n ths crss thnk may be pardoned f do not address the House at any length today, and hope that any of my frends and colleagues or former colleagues who are affected by the poltcal reconstructon wll make all allowances for any lack of ceremony wth whch t has been necessary to act. say to the House as sad to Mnsters who have joned ths government, have nothng to offer but blood, tol, sweat and tears. We have before us an ordeal of the most grevous knd. We have before us many, many months of struggle and sufferng. You ask, what s our polcy?
say t s to wage war by land, sea and ar. War wth all our mght and wth all the strength God has gven us, and to wage war aganst a monstrous tyranny never surpassed n the dark and unpleasant catalogue of human crme. That s our polcy. You ask, what s our am? can answer n one word. t s vctory. Vctory at all costs—vctory n spte of all terrors—vctory, however long and hard the road may be, for wthout vctory there s no survval. Let that be realzed.
No survval for the Brtsh Empre, no survval for all that the Brtsh Empre has stood for, no survval for the urge, the mpulse of the ages, that manknd shall move forward toward hs goal. take up my task n lght heart and hope. feel sure that our cause wll not be suffered to fal among men. feel enttled at ths juncture, at ths tme, to clam the ad of all and to say, “Come then, let us go forward together wth our unted strength.
"On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three n the afternoon, the greatest lvng thnker ceased to thnk. He had been left alone for scarcely two mnutes, and when we came back we found hm n hs armchar, peacefully gone to sleep-but forever.
"An mmeasurable loss has been sustaned both by the mltant proletarat of Europe and Amerca, and by hstorcal scence, n the death of ths man. The gap that has been left by the departure of ths mghty sprt wll soon enough make tself felt.
"Just as Darwn dscovered the law of development of organc nature, so Marx dscovered the law of development of human hstory: the smple fact, htherto concealed by an overgrowth of deology, that manknd must frst of all eat, drnk, have shelter and clothng, before t can pursue poltcs, scence, art, relgon, etc.; that therefore the producton of the mmedate materal means of subsstence and consequently the degree of economc development attaned by a gven people or durng a gven epoch form the foundaton upon whch the state nsttutons, the legal conceptons, art, and even the deas on relgon, of the people concerned have been evolved, and n the lght of whch they must, therefore, be explaned, nstead of vce versa, as had htherto been the case.
"But that s not all. Marx also dscovered the specal law of moton governng the present-day captalst mode of producton and the bourgeos socety that ths mode of producton has created. The dscovery of surplus value suddenly threw lght on the problem, n tryng to solve whch all prevous nvestgatons, of both bourgeos economsts and socalst crtcs, had been gropng n the dark.
"Two such dscoveres would be enough for one lfetme. Happy the man to whom t s granted to make even one such dscovery. But n every sngle feld whch Marx nvestgated -- and he nvestgated very many felds, none of them superfcally -- n every feld, even n that of mathematcs, he made ndependent dscoveres.
f somebody tells you, " 'll love you for ever," wll you beleve t?
don't thnk there's any reason not to. we are ready to beleve such commtment at the moment, whatever change may happen afterwards. As for the belef n an everlastng love, that's another thng.
Then you may be asked whether there s such a thng as an everlastng love. 'd answer beleve n t. But an everlastng love s not mmutable.
——晨读英语美文 (菁华3篇)
An unseen pronoun seems to have nothing to do with us. In the corridor and the playground, we still have the shadow of the chase.
Remember, a weekend morning, we have three other people in the sleeping when he rose from the bed and went to the edge of the field path immediately morning reading, and in a piece of which found associated with the Ming Dynasty tomb stone and general progenitor excitement as excited as if we have found the treasure map!
As the college entrance examination is approaching step by step, the review is tense and busy. In this busy preparation process, how extravagant it is to use the only half day weekend in other things. Then, we always extravagant through the only half - Day weekend. On the afternoon of the afternoon, the sun is shining, and friends are climbing up the roof with the quilt, lying on the sun, reading, listening to music, sleeping... Feel that afternoon is so beautiful!
The entrance of the college entrance examination is approaching, forcing us to spend the most of the day on the study, and more of it is buried in the exercises. In this period of busy, always due to other students about a problem and always happy; listen to every word and related to the college entrance examination the teacher said, did not miss a word, seems to miss a word we will fail in the examination; always seriously look at each one with high test the total love video; a sunny afternoon sit on the seat, bathed in sunshine, do exercises lunch; total love in knots together for a general debate; love took to the teacher next door neighbours ask questions; with the teacher asked a one-time total love will not be done every question the old class public examination results always reluctant to listen; always on tenterhooks when the teacher praised, complained that the teacher always talks about things out...
The high three of us are almost full of spirit every day, because we carry the dream. Occasionally, it will be depressed and discouraged, but a gentle encouragement from teachers and classmates can make us full of confidence. With the approaching of the college entrance examination, our task is becoming more and more heavy. I remember in the half month before the college entrance examination, I slept in the classroom after class. What the old class said could not persuade us to breathe fresh air outside, but the old class had no choice.
I think that this period of every day for dreams is the most fulfilling period of our life. After the heat of June, we ride on the battlefield, three that pure and sincere friendship is also coming to an end, some give up and some helpless... After all, it's going to come! Perhaps, the college entrance examination will give us the way, but it will not let us become strangers...... The mood of the senior year, at the time of the mailbox has been asleep long letters, then stationed in my heart, I think there will be a day, we will be grateful once met, Thanksgiving this year saw the mottled shadows, have a touch of warm sunshine; pain and joy three Thanksgiving Thanksgiving; bring us the full three years!
While I review China ancient literature while the music, after a moment of silence, the ears of "ten years", the fall like think girl you, to press the single cycle.
I remember that summer and winter in the top one we had a good relationship. It's like we've known it for a long time.
One day, you took me to your house. One day, I brought you to my house, too.
I looked over all your albums, saw the children and grew up. You also see all my baby in the eye. I store all my letters to you, you say you are the bank is the safe, I can put it for a long time. I took 4 old pennies from you, and finally brought it to Xi'an for a short but beautiful one.
Time is the second semester of high school extracurricular activities that day just, you took me to the playground to relax.
Sunset, we leisurely on the barbed wire, soft light as crystal drapes generally fell. On our young and innocent faces, we have a word that says nothing about the pain of pain. And look at the youngsters who play football.
Suddenly, you said "ten years" in the music class, you cried, but at that time, the curtains were darkened in the classroom, and you passed your head again, so the classmates didn't see you crying. I say I don't know. Girl, you are more sentimental than I do! If you are not happy, your eyes and your smile will explain everything.
In the evening, the sunset, the wire fence, you gave me the "ten years", singing and singing you cry, you cry when it is very painful. Then my tears fall down it, we hug each other and then wiped away tears, then leave the easy but sad. We were not 16 years old that year.
After leaving, there was only a teenager on the football field. There was a child in my mind that was dee* imprinted in my mind, and the impression was not worn out until now. And even if he did not say a word, even though never met, even now his home is not in xiji. I'll remember it that way.
Exactly a year later found the child last year, on the 30 day and the imperial sister to go to the mall to buy things, very clever, docking moment to pick up in my eyes, I did not confound, no escape, in response to a natural smile and then leave, now I do not know where the football when the children go.
Dear, I'm sorry, I didn't share with you football and youth in that day. I just want to share all the real people and things with you. I don't want to share those illusory and unreal dummy things. Because those things will make us tired and tired. At that time, we were real teenagers.
That summer we don't love sports class, we go to buy breakfast, together we read, we exercise together, we go to buy ice cream to buy a popsicle, let's listen to the "release" listen to "love" down, we together for life together graffiti writing, we laugh together cry together to share our youth.
We were inseparable that year, and we were not 16 years old that year. When we put the youth as a clean sheet of paper, no paper of the poems, graffiti. Squandering our young years on paper. I don't know how long I haven't seen the words you wrote on the book, and I don't know that the words are still warm.
Then I don't know how many people you have sung to ten years to hear, maybe never sing it, maybe many times. Only the girl, the feeling of singing that song may not be so profound, ten years, very short, very long. That year, we were all children in the book.
Later, we all have their own friends. Later, we graduated. When we graduated, we wrote several lines for you. We cried that day, and we graduated for the sorrow of the distance for the years. Finally, I went to the ancient city of Xi'an, you also went to the ancient city, but we were not in the same city.
Every time I hear "ten years", I will remember all kinds of past. I will think of you, and think of the tall, smiling, extremely charming and extremely warm you.
Perhaps those who have passed a long time but still dying because of the deep. In it here, "ten years" has become synonymous with you. "Ten years" sounded, as you appear in my side. In the next ten years, what kind of relationship do we have to meet?
You said before, if you had a holiday, you would come to Xi'an and let me have a good reception. After waiting for a long time, you didn't come. After that, you went to Hainan. You went to Haikou to see the new year's Party of Shandong satellite TV. You saw Xu Wei, you leave message for me. So the girl, is it home now?
May we be a teenager at the age of 16. It will also be silly to sing "if you love", you will also watch the new concept together, and write things for each other.
The Props to Help Man Endure
I feel that this award was not made to me as a man,but to my work -- a life's work in the agony andsweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least ofall for profit, but to create out of the materials of thehuman spirit something which did not exist before.So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the moneypart of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to dothe same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might belistened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail,among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.
Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that wecan even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: Whenwill I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten theproblems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing becauseonly that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.
He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid;and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything butthe old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story isephemeral and doomed -- love and honor and pity and pride and compassion andsacrifice.
作者简介：
威廉福克纳(1897—1962)，美国作家，先后创作了十几篇长篇小说和几十篇短篇小说，描述了以美国南方200年来南北战争为中心事件的社会变迁，各种家族的兴衰，各种人物的沉浮。他的小说常描写美国的黑暗面，1949年获得诺贝尔文学奖。本篇是他在接受该奖时所发表的演讲。这是一篇脍炙人口的演讲词。然而，由于福克纳本人对语言运用的独特性和精深性，所以对初学者来说，这篇美文也许颇有些难度。
参考翻译：
我认为这个奖项不是授给我个人而是授给我的工作---------一项艰辛而痛苦的毕生投入的人类精神的工作,既不为名也不土利,而是要从人类的精神原材料中创造一些前所未有的东西。因此这个奖项我只是代为保管。要该奖项的款项按照最初的目的和意义并不难。但我更欢迎这样做，利用这一时机，把它作为一个顶点，向听我话的有志于此的年轻人发出号召，他们中必定有人会站在我今天的位置。
我们的悲剧在于长期与来我们一直承受着肉体上的恐惧，不再有任何精神方面的问题。有的只是一个问题，我什么时候会被炸的粉身碎骨?因此，如今年轻人的作品已经忘记了处于矛盾冲突中的人类心灵问题，而这本身就能够创造出好作品，因为这值得去写，值得为此辛劳。
人们一定要了解这些，一定要叫自己认识到最可鄙莫过于害怕，一定告戒自己永远不要忘记，工作中除了心灵的正直诚实不要给任何东西留有空间，过去的那些正直诚实的普遍品质包括爱情、荣誉、怜悯、尊严、同情和牺牲，缺乏了它们任何作品都是短暂的和注定要失败的。
——考研英语阅读 (菁华6篇)
【摘要】考研英语的复*过程中，单纯的背单词和看书是远远不够的，真题的重要性不言而喻，英语一83分学姐手把手教你做真题。
单词两个月内最好看完，每天背单词的时候也看看长难句，一天看几句就好，然后单词背完就要直接上手真题了，真题从97年到16年的就好了，买的是张剑版的黄皮书，分为基础版（97到04），珍藏版（05到12），精华版（13到16），貌似是这几个版本，到网上搜，反正97到16年的试题全买过来……
反复做，我做了7，8遍吧，网上也有很多英语高分的经验，你可以搜搜综合下，大部分都在说做真题的经验，真题做透就够了…下面说说真题阅读的做法…
第一遍：
第一遍，从97年做到11年（剩下的5套卷子考试前2个月再做），因为真题要反复做，所以前几遍都是把自己的答案写在一张A4纸上，第一遍也就是让自己熟悉下真题的感觉，虐虐自己知道英语真题的大概难度，只做阅读理解，新题型完形填空啥的也不要忙着做，做完看看答案，错了几个在草稿纸上记下来就好了，也不需要研究哪里错了为什么会错…
第一遍很快吧因为不需要仔细研究，97到11年，14份的试卷，一天一份的话，半个月能做完吧，偷个懒一个月肯定能做完吧（第一遍作用就是练练手找到以前做题的感觉，千万不要记答案，分析答案…）
第二遍：
第二遍是重点…你回头再从97年做起会发现答案是记不住的，还会错很多，甚至错的还不一样，以前对的现在错了，上次错的现在对了，正常。
第二遍一份卷子大概要4，5天才能完成吧，比如第一天你做完了，第二天从第一篇文章开始从头看，不会的单词全部记下来到自己的单词本子上，最好是专门记真题单词的本子，包括题目，选项里面不会的单词，虽然黄皮书上有解释，但大都不全，甚至给的不是句子里的意思，这个工程还是挺大的，一天两篇就可以了…
这一遍也不需要研究句子和答案啥的，只不过记单词中除了自己买的单词大本，还要加入真题单词的记忆了，考研不止，单词不息，单词反复背……第二遍就40天来天能完成吧，最多也就两个月（时间都是宽裕的，能提前完成点最好）…
第三遍：
第三遍自然是分析句子了，这时候以前看的长难句和单词就用到了，做完以后一个句子一个句子的看（当然包括题目和选项），分析下句子看看自己能不能看懂，看不懂的就要好好分析了，写在本子上也可以，我当时是直接看的，用铅笔画画句子成分啥的，如果单词记得够好的话，这一遍应该也会很快吧，1个多月左右……
第四遍：
前三遍已经用了4个月左右了，后面就要快一点了，第四遍才是最痛苦的，通篇翻译，写在纸上很潦草都没关系，很偷懒的话就在心里翻译下再看看译文吧…我只坚持了一半，从97年翻译到了04年好像，其他的就是刷一遍真题，在心里扫一扫有没有翻译太不通的句子，有没有忘掉的单词啥的…
这一遍挺痛苦的，也不要全部都翻译吧，能翻译6，7套试卷知道感觉就好了，不过好处还挺多的，这部分做的好，英语的翻译部分就会简单很多，这部分看你个人时间，时间剩下还多可以多翻译几套试卷。
第五遍：
第5遍，前面是打基础，单词，句子都解决了，就要看看行文了，比如提出论点，展开讨论，这个可能比较抽象…比如类似事物对比，由此及彼等等，因为考研真题的行文特征很多都是类似的，段落间的关系，这一遍也可以研究题目了，出题的方式。
找到原文的句子，哪里最容易出题（长难句部分，大都与文章主题有关系）体会怎么出题的，这边之后答案有的有些印象了，但没关系，不要以为没效果，这部分完成的速度会比以前快很多。
第六遍：
第六遍是研究答案的干扰项和正确选项，比如“张冠李戴”，比如“偷梁换柱”，真题的正确答案大都是同义替换，考研的英语答案太相似了，无论是干扰项还是正确答案，比如选项中有maybe的10题有9题都是选它，选择有弹性的选项，肯定的选项基本不选，few people think……基本为正确选项（毕竟真理掌握在少数人手中）。
网上有很多技巧，等你做完了其他工作再看这些技巧就会觉得真是那样，技巧终归是技巧，是在你基础都打好的情况下辅助用的……研究答案的过程中多多少少会有体会的…
第七遍：
第7遍就是把以前工作过一遍查漏补缺，时间还多的话可以多做几遍，后面几遍记住答案也没关系，上不封顶…另外一个建议，不要做模拟题，我当时暑假觉得真题刷够了，不做模拟题心慌就去买了阅读200篇做，做了5篇就扔了，真心出题风格不同，而且很虐自己，没必要…如果你不做模拟心慌的话也可以做几篇试试，不过目测也会扔了，作用真心不大…
再说下阅读的技巧，我是先看题目再看文章，然后再看题目回到原文中找相关句子，这样的方法用久了速度就会很快（强迫症非要读懂每一句的用这方法就痛苦了…）考研英语时间还是挺紧张的，考场上很多大作文没写全的，如果阅读做的快，后面的翻译作文时间就会好点…
忘了说，再第4遍或者第五遍的时候就可以做新型阅读了，每天两篇也很快就过完了，新型阅读有的还是挺难的，做了好多遍还会错，也只能慢慢来，查单词，看句子，这部分就没必要通篇翻译了，心里翻译就好，然后做完新型阅读就可以做完形填空了，最后刷真题是刷整个客观题部分…
至于翻译和作文最后几个月开始就好了，翻译买本唐静的拆分组合翻译法，作文买一本王江涛的，最后每天多看几个句子，整理好自己的模板就好了…
这里主要说的是真题阅读的做法，考研英语都是得阅读者得天下，网上有很多大神的阅读也很好，你可以多搜搜看，结合下，建议手机下载个app里面板块有用的东西很多…*时休息是可以多看看，觉得哪些适合自己的可以挑着看。
这也是个摸索的过程，刚开始错多少不要太气馁，我也一套卷子错过6，7个阅读的，一步步慢慢来，坚持下来就好了。
第一，此阶段一定要“读起来”，目的就是“以毒攻毒”。
一、配以阅读来强化单词记忆；
二、培养语感。
同学此阶段背单词仍然是第一位的，但是，不能只是单纯的背单词。单词如果不用或是用不对，背下来也没有任何意义，所以，单词一定要背下来。而且，一定要在一个语境当中去强化单词记忆，熟悉单词用法。简单举个例子，我们说20岁的女人是茉莉花，沁人心脾；30的女人是玫瑰花，妖艳妩媚；40岁的女人是梅花，风韵犹存；50岁的女人是兰花，蕙质兰心。就如同不同年龄段的女性有不同的风情，单词在每一个语境中也有它本身引申义。所以，大家不要盲目的背单词，既没有起到效果，又耽误复*时间。所以，请拿起阅读材料，不枉背单词一次。
第二，用“心”选择阅读资料。
最*在和学生交流中，发现大家普遍存在两个非常严重的问题：一，一撮人不知道看什么，无从下手。对于这类同学我们还要划以区分：六级已过人群，适合选择一些相对高端点的资料；六级未过的同志应更加重单词记忆以及我们教材中单词编写下方的真题例句研读。这一阶段，我们不求快，不求满，只求打牢基础。还有另外一撮人是“学长派”的，总和我说，我学长让我看什么看什么。孩子们，其实向学长取经是很好的一条启程之路，有方向感的学长会给我们很大的帮助；但是，老师有几个问题：1.你是你的学长们？2.你和学长们在同一个起跑线上吗？3.你们的资质和知识底蕴和学长是相同的吗？人生自己跨的，江山是自己打得，谁好谁带着，谁坏谁挨着。切莫拿别人的地图走自己的路，万一迷路了呢，是吧！所以，请正确认清自己的底牌，切莫好高骛远或内敛至极！
第三，善于取舍题材。
考研是一类选拔性的考试，那必然是有针对性的。所以，一定要抓重点，缕结构，扒内涵。考研题材主要涉及经济，文化，科普以及自然类的文章！如20xx年英语一第一篇文章即为社会文化文章，对于这种备受冷落的题材大家一定要予以重视。
老子《道德经》讲，‘一生二，二生三，三生万物’。学*亦是如此，请大家谨记。另外，老师还想分享给大家我很喜欢的一句话：土豆和西红柿本不是同一个世界，但是当土豆变成薯条，西红柿变成番茄酱，他们就变成绝配。没有谁生下来注定就是赢家，还在于活着的过程，奋斗的过程，与考研各位共勉。
考研英语阅读的技巧是有针对性的，文章的层次必须弄清楚。只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合文章后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
我们会发现考研的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见，对于考研阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。用在本科毕业设计中看论文很受用，效率很高，速度也很快，再不像以往看文章从头到尾还是云里雾里。下面进行具体分析：
主旨
在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。
常规文章行文逻辑
本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。也许，在做考研阅读之初，很多*日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。现在将框架简单介绍如下：
框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题
框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论
框架3：提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点
框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照
在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。到段落级别，文章中心也容易辨出，多数文章中心在首末，少数会出现在段中。于是在理解阅读文章的时候，在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句，观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。一般情况，较接*的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案，当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
暗含答案的重点位置
所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方，也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。在考研阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心;对于非中心，考研文章一般不会考察。这是研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节：
1、所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2、转折和因果。在阅读中，最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来，因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度，相对一般句子更有强调性。例如：because，for，but，however
3、表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现，当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点，但值得一读。阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情，所以*时应做好积累如：agree，acknowledge，assert，see，insist，find，think，believe，show，pointout，content，acclaim，say等。
4、特殊标点符号，有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等，均有或强或弱的强调意味，主要的特殊标点符号有：——、()、“”等。
5、情态动词。should，must都能表达作者感情的因素，能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点，理应重点阅读。
6、特殊句型。例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety，……，Significantly，……副词在句中起着很大作用，能反映态度，能表程度，这种特殊句型更有强调的成分，值得多阅读分析。
7、有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多，无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。阅读文章的时候，仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。阅读时快速画出重点，仅阅读含有重点特征的句子，对文章进行“减肥”，以提高阅读效率。
选项特点
1、正确答案的特点
(1)与原文句子同义词替换。
(2)相对原文语法变化，如原文中的被动变为主动。
(3)正面反面，即原文句子的否定形式，答案变成肯定的正面叙述;原文是肯定形式，从正面叙述，答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
(4)AB角度，原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情，本质不变。
(5)具体抽象，即原文具体事例，答案变为抽象概括，或反之。
2、干扰选项的特点
(1)照抄原文，个别词语不同。
(2)一半信息符合原文，一半信息不符。
(3)将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
(4)与原文叙述的内容相反。
(5)与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
(6)含有绝对化的词语，如only,always,never,all,everything,anything,everywhere等。
(7)逻辑错误，因果颠倒等。
最后，提醒各位小伙伴：要做好考研英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上，从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。*时做题把自己的对错记录在答案上，试题上最好不要标注答案，以后再练*时就能通过与以往的对比感受自己的进步，看到自己的不足。
【摘要】考研英语的复*过程中，单纯的背单词和看书是远远不够的，真题的重要性不言而喻，英语一83分学姐手把手教你做真题。
单词两个月内最好看完，每天背单词的时候也看看长难句，一天看几句就好，然后单词背完就要直接上手真题了，真题从97年到16年的就好了，买的是张剑版的黄皮书，分为基础版（97到04），珍藏版（05到12），精华版（13到16），貌似是这几个版本，到网上搜，反正97到16年的试题全买过来……
反复做，我做了7，8遍吧，网上也有很多英语高分的经验，你可以搜搜综合下，大部分都在说做真题的经验，真题做透就够了…下面说说真题阅读的做法…
第一遍：
第一遍，从97年做到11年（剩下的5套卷子考试前2个月再做），因为真题要反复做，所以前几遍都是把自己的答案写在一张A4纸上，第一遍也就是让自己熟悉下真题的感觉，虐虐自己知道英语真题的大概难度，只做阅读理解，新题型完形填空啥的也不要忙着做，做完看看答案，错了几个在草稿纸上记下来就好了，也不需要研究哪里错了为什么会错…
第一遍很快吧因为不需要仔细研究，97到11年，14份的试卷，一天一份的话，半个月能做完吧，偷个懒一个月肯定能做完吧（第一遍作用就是练练手找到以前做题的感觉，千万不要记答案，分析答案…）
第二遍：
第二遍是重点…你回头再从97年做起会发现答案是记不住的，还会错很多，甚至错的还不一样，以前对的现在错了，上次错的现在对了，正常。
第二遍一份卷子大概要4，5天才能完成吧，比如第一天你做完了，第二天从第一篇文章开始从头看，不会的单词全部记下来到自己的单词本子上，最好是专门记真题单词的本子，包括题目，选项里面不会的单词，虽然黄皮书上有解释，但大都不全，甚至给的不是句子里的意思，这个工程还是挺大的，一天两篇就可以了…
这一遍也不需要研究句子和答案啥的，只不过记单词中除了自己买的单词大本，还要加入真题单词的记忆了，考研不止，单词不息，单词反复背……第二遍就40天来天能完成吧，最多也就两个月（时间都是宽裕的，能提前完成点最好）…
第三遍：
第三遍自然是分析句子了，这时候以前看的长难句和单词就用到了，做完以后一个句子一个句子的看（当然包括题目和选项），分析下句子看看自己能不能看懂，看不懂的就要好好分析了，写在本子上也可以，我当时是直接看的，用铅笔画画句子成分啥的，如果单词记得够好的话，这一遍应该也会很快吧，1个多月左右……
第四遍：
前三遍已经用了4个月左右了，后面就要快一点了，第四遍才是最痛苦的，通篇翻译，写在纸上很潦草都没关系，很偷懒的话就在心里翻译下再看看译文吧…我只坚持了一半，从97年翻译到了04年好像，其他的就是刷一遍真题，在心里扫一扫有没有翻译太不通的句子，有没有忘掉的单词啥的…
这一遍挺痛苦的，也不要全部都翻译吧，能翻译6，7套试卷知道感觉就好了，不过好处还挺多的，这部分做的好，英语的翻译部分就会简单很多，这部分看你个人时间，时间剩下还多可以多翻译几套试卷。
第五遍：
第5遍，前面是打基础，单词，句子都解决了，就要看看行文了，比如提出论点，展开讨论，这个可能比较抽象…比如类似事物对比，由此及彼等等，因为考研真题的行文特征很多都是类似的，段落间的关系，这一遍也可以研究题目了，出题的方式。
找到原文的句子，哪里最容易出题（长难句部分，大都与文章主题有关系）体会怎么出题的，这边之后答案有的有些印象了，但没关系，不要以为没效果，这部分完成的速度会比以前快很多。
第六遍：
第六遍是研究答案的干扰项和正确选项，比如“张冠李戴”，比如“偷梁换柱”，真题的正确答案大都是同义替换，考研的英语答案太相似了，无论是干扰项还是正确答案，比如选项中有maybe的10题有9题都是选它，选择有弹性的选项，肯定的选项基本不选，few people think……基本为正确选项（毕竟真理掌握在少数人手中）。
网上有很多技巧，等你做完了其他工作再看这些技巧就会觉得真是那样，技巧终归是技巧，是在你基础都打好的情况下辅助用的……研究答案的过程中多多少少会有体会的…
第七遍：
第7遍就是把以前工作过一遍查漏补缺，时间还多的话可以多做几遍，后面几遍记住答案也没关系，上不封顶…另外一个建议，不要做模拟题，我当时暑假觉得真题刷够了，不做模拟题心慌就去买了阅读200篇做，做了5篇就扔了，真心出题风格不同，而且很虐自己，没必要…如果你不做模拟心慌的话也可以做几篇试试，不过目测也会扔了，作用真心不大…
再说下阅读的技巧，我是先看题目再看文章，然后再看题目回到原文中找相关句子，这样的方法用久了速度就会很快（强迫症非要读懂每一句的用这方法就痛苦了…）考研英语时间还是挺紧张的，考场上很多大作文没写全的，如果阅读做的快，后面的翻译作文时间就会好点…
忘了说，再第4遍或者第五遍的时候就可以做新型阅读了，每天两篇也很快就过完了，新型阅读有的还是挺难的，做了好多遍还会错，也只能慢慢来，查单词，看句子，这部分就没必要通篇翻译了，心里翻译就好，然后做完新型阅读就可以做完形填空了，最后刷真题是刷整个客观题部分…
至于翻译和作文最后几个月开始就好了，翻译买本唐静的拆分组合翻译法，作文买一本王江涛的，最后每天多看几个句子，整理好自己的模板就好了…
这里主要说的是真题阅读的做法，考研英语都是得阅读者得天下，网上有很多大神的阅读也很好，你可以多搜搜看，结合下，建议手机下载个app里面板块有用的东西很多…*时休息是可以多看看，觉得哪些适合自己的可以挑着看。
这也是个摸索的过程，刚开始错多少不要太气馁，我也一套卷子错过6，7个阅读的，一步步慢慢来，坚持下来就好了。
阅读的答题步骤
第一遍：拿到一篇阅读真题，先以考试的时间和要求做一遍，做的过程中标记出你判断的每个题的出处。做完之后对答案，搞清楚每个题：对是为什么对，错又是为什么错。
第二遍：仔细阅读文章，划出生词和难句，查出并标记生词的词义。对长难句进行分析，理顺每句话的意思。要做到文章中没有生词，没有不懂的句子。
第三遍：理顺整篇文章的逻辑构架和写作思路，再次回到题目上来，查看每一个题目的出题点在哪，以及选项是如何设置的，包括正确选项的设置和错误选项的设置。
五种基本类型：
A．主旨题：
根据文章中心思想或作者的态度语调做出提问，标志词为title,topic, idea, purpose, tone, attitude等。
答题策略：做题之前，先将后面五道题目浏览一遍，让自己的头脑中形成一个文章的mainidea，带着问题去看文章，并在阅读过程中将每一段的keysentence, 即主旨句划出来，（这里尤其注意首末两段和每一段的首末两句。如果出现在段落中间，必须在转折意义的but,however, surprisingly, virtually, indeed, in fact, yet或now的后面。）最后综合每一段的主旨句确定此题答案。
B．细节题：
根据文章中具体细节信息提出问题，围绕5W和1H（WHO,WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW）而展开。
答题策略：学会定位！将题干信息在文章对应段落中定位并确定相关信息句，便可以准确进行判断并确定答案，
C．结构题：
根据文章具体事例推测该事例所证明的段落主题，标志词为show,explain, prove, illustrate, justify等。
答题策略：将具体事例回归到原文所对应的信息句中，如果此信息句前后相邻的句子为此段主题句，即可据此推测答案，若不是，就根据前后相邻段落的主题句来确定。
D．识词题：
根据文章中的生词、短语或短句提问并判断其含义。通常会用引号或括号在文中标注。
答题策略：将需识别的词汇、短语或句子回归到段落中去，并根据其逻辑的关系词来定位相关信息句，比如thatis, 冒号、破折号，这些都表示解释说明意义；再比如and,but, *行结构，可根据这种相同*行关系来推测答案。
E．推断题：
根据文章中的具体细节、句子信息、或段落信息提问并且推断作者的言外之意。
考研英语阅读理解精
(一)法律类
GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHT
By almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an * for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as *s.
So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team. "I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased," says Pfingst. "I consider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail."
Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5,000. Then there's the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D.A. will have indicted his shop.
But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingst's team considers convictions before 1993, when the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has been released. Of the 560 remaining files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence.
They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop of saliva on the victim's shirt--too small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits.
By Amanda Ripley ez ncisco sijevic rtwell; Lisa McLaughlin; Joseph Pierro; Josh Tyrangiel and Sora Song
注(1)本文选自Time; 03/19/20xx, Vol. 157 Issue 11, p62, 1p, 2c, 3bw
注(2)本文*题命题模仿对象20xx年真题text 1.
1.How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project?
[A]By getting rid of his bias against the suspects.
[B]By revisiting the past victories.
[C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools.
[D]By his cooperation with his attorneys.
2.Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project?
[A]To help correct the wrong judgments.
[B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors.
[C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation.
[D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients.
3.The expression “flabbergasted”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _______.
[A]excited
[B]competent
[C]embarrassed
[D]astounded
4.Why was Pfingst an unsentimental prosecutor?
[A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect.
[B]He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail.
[C]He supported the controversial California law.
[D]He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen.
5.Which of the following is not true according to the text?
[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t have a great coverage.
[B] Pfingst’s move had both the positive and negative effect.
[C] Pfingst’s move didn’t work well.
[D]Pfingst’s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners.
篇章剖析
本文采用的是记叙文的模式。第一段指出芬斯特作为一位铁面无私的检查官的一些做法;第二段指出芬斯特实施“清白计划”的打算及做法;第三段指出实施“清白计划”造成的反应以及可能存在的问题;第四段和第五段是实施“清白计划”的结果和影响。
词汇注释
prosecutor [5prRsIkju:tE(r)]n.检察官 ,检察员,起诉人,原告
controversial [kRntrE5v:F(E)l]adj.争论的, 争议的
mandate [5mAndeIt]v.批准制订一个训令，如通过法律;发布命令或要求：
wager [5weIdVE(r)]v.下赌注, 保证
conviction [kEn5vIkF(E)n]n.定罪, 宣告有罪
unravel[Qn5rAv(E)l]v. 阐明, 解决
flabbergast[5flAbE^B:st; (?@) -^Ast]v.<口>使大吃一惊, 哑然失色, 使目瞪口呆
indict[In5daIt]v.起诉, 控告, 指控, 告发
bust[bQst]v.破产或缺钱
oust[aJst]v.剥夺, 取代, 驱逐
discard[dI5skB:d]v.抛开;遗弃;废弃
molest[mE5lest]v.., 困扰, 调戏
saliva[sE5laIvE]n.口水, 唾液
难句突破
1.Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as *s.
主体句式：…Pfingst had stood behind …
结构分析：Even before the tragedy是本句的时间状语;主句是Pfingst had stood behind…;that 引导的宾语从句修饰law;在从句中，as…as是一词组，意思是“和…一样”;出现的第三个as是介词，意思是“作为”。
句子译文：甚至在这场悲剧发生之前芬斯特就支持加利福尼亚州的一项颇有争议的法律。这项法律规定，以**身份受审的谋杀嫌疑犯的最低年龄可以降到十四岁。
题目分析
1.答案为C，属事实细节题。文中对应信息“Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools.”是对第二段第一句的补充说明。
2.答案为A，属推理判断题。从上下文我们可以得知，实施“清白计划”就是使用先进的DNA技术来重新审理过去的案件当中可能存在的冤案错案。
3.答案为D, 属猜词题。从第二段第一句话我们得知芬斯特可能是美国第一个实施非常独特的“清白计划”的人，因此他的做法很可能是令人感到吃惊的，从而可猜出该词的含义。
4.答案为B，属推理判断题。从第一段和第二段给出的事例我们可以看出，芬斯特不愿放过任何一个犯罪的人，即便他的年龄还不算大;他也不愿使无辜者蒙冤，即便案件已经审理。
5.答案为C，属推理判断题。正因为 “Pfingst’s move works well”,美国才又有“ten other counties are starting DNA audits”,而且，“no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted”.
考研英语真题——98阅读最难篇
Passage3
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo's17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church of poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has，if anything，deepened in this century.
Until recently，the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics but no longer. As funding for science has declined，scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books，notably Higher Superstition，by Paul R.Gross，a biologist at the University of Virginia，and Norman Levitt，a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World，by Car Sagan of Cornell University.
Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason，”held in New York City in1995，and “Science in the Age of(Mis)information，”which assembled last June near Buffalo.
Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists，philosophers and other academics who have questioned science's objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts，creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
A survey of news stories in1996reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well，from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
Few would dis* that the term applies to the Unabomber，whose manifesto，published in1995，scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience，as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
——考研英语经验分享 (菁华6篇)
第一：单词
(1)最初我也是按照很多学长学姐的经验从每天刷恋练有词开始，我刷的比较快，搭配视频2倍速一天一个章节，到去考场那天我还在想说好像当初刷这个对于我自己而言并没有太大的意义，去看经验帖大家都会建议说要刷恋练有词，但是我从自己整个复*过程来说，刷恋练有词这个环节对于基础好的同学其实作用不大，但是对于基础可能稍微有点薄弱的同学刷刷这个还是很有帮助的。
(2)刷完恋练有词之后我的单词背诵就转到了使用墨墨背单词这个APP，我每天定的单词量是200个，直到上考场之前的每一天都会坚持把当天的任务量完成没有间断，所以单词打好基础真的很重要很重要。
第二：阅读
英语复*另一个重要的部分就是做真题，真题包括选词填空、阅读、新题型、翻译和作文五部分。最初做真题我主要做的是阅读，购买了张剑的黄皮书。
(1)第一遍从98年的真题一直到17年真题，18、19年是留着到最后阶段再做，做的时候要认认真真把每篇文章中的生词记下来，记录方式例如(15年Text1)。遇到对答案也不理解的题目我会看唐迟老师讲解真题的视频。
(2)第一遍做完就开始了第二遍。第二遍是从10年的真题开始做的，其实很多同学会觉得已经记住了答案就没必要做了，但是你做了会发现没理解的还是没理解，该错的还是错。这时候就要开始有针对性地思考这些题的出题逻辑，同时要对文章中的.单词查漏补缺【我还会在阅读的真题中找到觉得不错的句式摘录下来留作写作文的时候用】
(3)第二遍结束，继续第三遍，我身边也有同学做完第二遍就不做了，会去做英语二的真题。但是我从始至终没做过英语二的真题，我还是继续做英语一的真题，这一遍我会对文章进行逐字逐句地翻译，但是！请注意！不是那种整篇整篇地一字不落地把翻译写下来，而是对于自己口头或者在脑海里就能读懂的那些句子不写下来，只针对比较难懂的例如长难句那种，才会进行重点分析。（此处需要说明，我从小学*英语就没搞懂过什么宾语从句后置定语这种很官方化的定义，所以我复*的时候也没去搞这些，很多同学也会觉得搞懂这些对英语学*有帮助，这个因人而异吧，而且我买过长难句的学*资料，但是因为不想去搞那些定义所以书基本没翻过，哈哈）
(4)最后剩了18,19年的真题，本来是想说考试之前再写，但是因为前面进程是一天写一年的阅读真题，所以有点快，到18,19年真题写完距离考试还有很长时间，所以无奈我又购买了两套别的老师自己出的模拟卷，其实老老实实把真题吃透就足够了，如果有同学进程比较快，三遍写完了还有很长时间，买一些模拟卷写写我个人觉得也没什么坏处吧，权当增加词汇量。会有很多人觉得模拟卷和真题出题思维不一致，所以不建议写模拟卷，我觉得大家视自己情况而定吧。
第三：除了阅读之外的其他题型
(1)选词填空:20题，每题0.5分，性价比真的不高，也拉不开什么大差距，所以我是在做第二遍阅读的时候也顺便做了一下，我会对于其中不懂的单词摘录出来进行记忆，考试时候也是一遍做完没去检查。
(2)新题型：新题型分为选标题、七选五以及排序，我个人认为难度从大到小分别是排序>七选五>选标题
①排序：我说一些我做题的一点小心得吧，例如当文章中出现某个人名时，对于含有人名【全称】的段落，必然在有人名【简称】的段落之前，再比如文章上一段中说到某个词，那么如果看到下段也有这个词，这个时候你就可以考虑一下他们是不是前后挨着的。
②七选五：就是文章中挖出五个句子，给你七个选项让你去从中七选五。做这种题呢主要也是抓前后某些词的契合吧。
③选标题：这个比较简单就不说了。（20年我们考的就是选标题，我个人觉得挺简单，所以也是考场上一遍过没检查）
(3)翻译：我是从阅读做第二遍开始做的翻译，一般来说，我做翻译是先把文章开头大致浏览一些，争取弄懂它大概讲个啥，然后直接看句子开始翻译，但是有些时候如果遇到例如it，he这种词的话就需要往前看一看这些词代指的是什么，然后把它翻译出来，还要说的是为什么一再强调背单词呢，对于做翻译来说背单词也是很重要的，就比如20年英语一翻译中出现的 Renaissance文艺复兴这个单词，我就是在墨墨背单词里见过几次，所以我第一眼看到就想起了这个单词的意思。
(4)作文
复*作文有同学会去背老师给的几十篇范文，也有同学会看老师的作文课跟着老师写作文，我的复*主要是看黄皮书里参考答案给出的别人的范文，然后总结小作文和大作文一般每段写什么内容，例如大作文我写作模式主要是第一段介绍图片并借用中心词(如 habit)点出文章中心意思，第二段是写这个东西为什么重要，第三段就是怎么做，我在第三遍做阅读的时候，也顺便练了作文，前前后后一共自己写了有几十篇作文吧，一定要自己写，哪怕你开始的时候构思比较慢也没关系，自己写出来之后你的构思会越来越清晰的，至于作文内容句式怎么丰富主要是参考别人范文中的好句式并时刻想着记录下来，每次写作的时候要记着用，不要光摘抄不知道用，当然，好的句式不需要掌握很多，掌握三四个可以在一篇作文中不重复地用就行。另外是字体，字体也很重要，给改卷老师第一印象好的话，肯定是有好处的，我是从高中开始就被老师要求写衡水字体，所以字体写得还不错，前期复*大家也可以有空练练字体。
写在最后就是给大家在考试过程中的一点建议：
我在考试过程中是先写的作文，写完之后去写阅读，刚开始阅读有好几道题我都真的不确定，于是我选择先跳过去写下一题，写到最后，我又回过头来准备好好看看被跳过的几道阅读题，因为刚开始考试大家都多少有点紧张，所以遇到不会或者不确定的题很正常，这个时候不要过于着急，要努力*复心态，先把会写的能写的写完，再专门留出时间写那些被跳过的题，因为到后来你如果留了充足的时间思考那些不会的题，自己心态上就会有一些放松，就不会那么紧张了，可能答案就自然而然就出来了，所以遇到第一眼不会的，不要着急。
而且我在考完真的觉得自己有好几道题都不确定，导致开始自我怀疑，觉得本该占优势的英语可能考砸了，回去路上也是眼泪在眼眶打转，我希望大家不要像我这样，这样确实容易影响你的情绪，你可能会有好长时间陷入悲伤情绪，没办法专注准备下一科，所以千万要考完一科忘一科，而且即使你真的觉得自己可能考砸了，可以想想我这个活生生的例子，我都能有这么好的结果，说不定你也会这样柳暗花明呢。
最最后，希望大家都能考出理想的成绩，赛出风格，赛出水*。
1参考书目
张剑阅读理解150篇
张剑考研英语真题(97-03、04-12、13-15)
张剑最后预测五套卷
王江涛考研作文、长难句理解
2复*计划
复*开始-六月底：单词书1遍
七月初-八月底：单词书1遍
九月初-十月初：张剑历年真题解析(97-03)+单词书1遍+张剑真题单词总结
十月初-十一月中旬：张剑历年真题解析(04-12)+单词书1遍+张剑真题单词总结
十一月中旬-十一月底：张剑历年真题第二遍+张剑阅读理解150篇+单词书1遍+长难句
十二月初-考前：张剑历年真题第三遍+王江涛考研作文+张剑最后预测五套卷+单词书
3经验感悟
关于英语单词，早中晚我都会背诵，一次记一百来个，把英文、中文、发音誊写在白纸上，滚动式记忆，先由英文对照中文，然后中文联想英文，反反复复,重要的是坚持。
按照人类大脑记忆曲线，在背诵今天的单词前，我会先看昨天的，往前数第三天的，第七天的，第二十一天的，所以任务其实还比较重，考研期间英语高频词汇大概记了八遍。
下午复*黄皮书英语，第一遍每天做两篇阅读真题，做得比较慢，正确率也不高，第一遍的工作是，把英文阅读文章逐句逐句翻译成中文，遇到里面不认识的短语和词汇挑出来，摘抄在笔记本上，题目做不对不用在乎，经常翻看。
翻译完后再与书本给的翻译对照，死磕阅读中的长难句，做完后要花一个多小时分析自己错误的原因，在完全弄得的基础上背下来。通过这个过程，训练自己的英语思维。
第二遍是做试卷版真题，除了作文和大翻译不做，严格按照考试规定时间进行训练，七八分钟一篇，做完后要反复研读，按照字词句仔细分析，总结题目及选项的规律性，早上可适当读一些或背诵一些句子、段落或篇章。
第三遍主要是分析文章的结构层次，段落大意，中心思想，找到阅读的主线。
关于考研作文，最好的办法就是背诵往年优秀作文，小作文主要考察一些通用性的通知和信件的书写，讲究格式的规范和意思表达的明确，对写作的语句要求不是很高，因此只要意思表达清楚，格式完整就行。
这个需要自己多看范文，整理各种类型问题的书写格式和写作规律，多加练*，达到什么类型的东西都能有思路写出来，可以适当的写写自己的模板。
大作文可以多看看往年考研英语范文，摘录一些好的句子和写作思路，来给自己的文章加分，总结出写某些类型文章的模板，来套各种类型的文章。
其实有些句子是什么地方都能套用的，可以多提炼出这样的句子，多运用这些句子在文章写作中，这样能提高自己的写作能力和分数。关于完形填空、新题型、翻译，可后期抽时间训练，时间上完全来得及，重头戏还是阅读。
由于想说的东西太多，我只能慢慢写，我先写了英语，因为我对英语的体会最深。
对于英语基础不是太好的人来说，我的经验可说是很实用很适用。2年的复*，我发现，英语要专项练*，复*多了以后，发现，考研实质上很注重方法，同样英语水*的人，方法好和方法差可能会相差10分之多。
首先说明，英语是个逐步提高的过程，全然没有什么速成的方法，所以每天都要有所练*。我两年英语考，都是按照一个顺序做题目的：阅读理解——作文——翻译——新题形——完形。先说为什么要这样做，因为从分数来看，他们分别占40——30——10——10——10，所以，得阅读作文者得天下。还有，从时间上看，阅读和作文要花的时间比较多，所以万一完成不了，会影响到全体英语的成绩，所以把这2个搞定了，再做其他的，心里就不会很急。把完形放在最后的原因是，它最难得分，好的人得7分，差的5分，拉分不大，而且有个很好的办法，可以让你在5分钟里做到6分。我两次英语都多出15分钟时间。
英语单词我没有背过，当然这跟我过去背得比较多有关，但我想，过去背过的基本是忘记差不多了，关键是一个单词要会用，不会用的单词，记了也遗忘得快。我算来每天复*英语的时间不多，一天一个半小时，可能还没有，但几乎没有间断过。基本套路是1天做4阅读加新题形，下一天看阅读，再下一天是一作文加一完形或翻译。
下面我一个个分析怎么样复*。
1、阅读理解。分析真题和做英语阅读练*相结合，强烈推荐，背真题阅读理解。真题是要一遍一遍做的，做的时候不要把答案写上去，写在一张白纸上，然后再对答案。这样可以分阶段做3遍。第三遍后可以开始尝试翻译阅读理解的每句句子，一时翻译不出的，可以对照中文看看。把阅读里不认识的单词、一词多意的单词、很好的词组、好的句子摘录下来，重点背。真题的奇妙之处在于，经得起不断的看，每次看你都会得到很大的启发，看得越多，你对出题者的出题思路就会了解更多。我这次阅读做了34分，跟看真题看得多有很大关系，我看过不下10遍，最后几遍看的速度很快的，因为翻过去基本就知道说什么了。
其实真题是最好的.英语练*册，*时做做其他英语参考书的阅读，其实主要是控制自己做的时间，千万不要2个小时做4篇，我当时练*的时候是规定自己在1小时内搞定4篇，然后对答案。这样练到后来，发现自己甚至能在40分钟内做完4篇。做错的一定要搞懂，但自己不要太注重*时练*时候的成绩。推荐用吴永粼的100篇，个人认为和真题的难度有点接*，思路也还行。
背阅读理解：选择有很多生词、有很多好的词组、句子的文章背，开始可能很慢，2个小时背出一篇，但背多了以后，1小时不到你可能就可以背出了。注意，不要在一个星期内连续背很多篇，每一篇背完，要及时巩固，每一篇要背到你认为第二天再背的时候，不看书就可以背出来了为准。阅读的作用很大，大到你自己都可以感受出来。第一，有些你不能理解的句子，在背过以后你可能突然领悟了；第二，写作文的时候可以用进去；第三，算是为以后口语做准备吧，这里它对练*语感很有帮助。我当时在外面租房子，离学校有15分钟路程，我就在这个时候一边骑车，一边可以背一遍，所以每一篇背过的文章，基本会背过10多遍。
2、作文。要不断地练*，控制好写作时间。建议是每5天就写一篇作文，这样10天就可以写一篇应用文和一篇大作文。写作文的时候最好面前放个手表，在半小时内写完，应用文就20分钟，开始的时候可能做不到，但后来几乎是轻松就可以搞定的。值得注意的是，有些人写了很多的英语文章，但提高很少，主要是没有发现自己作文中的不足，所以写过的文章一定要给其他人去看，让他们帮你纠正错误。如果结合上面阅读理解中的方法，作文水*的提高应该会显而易见的。
3、翻译。主要是注意句子的连贯性和用符合*人思维的表达方法。其实翻译的工作我们在阅读理解部分就可以做了，所以翻译基本上好好看看历年真题翻译就可以了。看看标准答案是怎么样的，这样也可以学到很多东西。
4、新题型。新题型其实很注重方法，有些人做半个小时可能正确率还不是很高。我曾经好好地研究过英语的新题型，所以很注意每种新题型的方法。7选5和排序算是比较难的2种。我记得我06年7选5全对。我的经验是，7选5要先看选项，再看文章，如果先看文章再看选项，可能做题的时候还要回过去看文章，就会浪费很多时间。先看选项的话，你有了选项的印象，有些明显点的选项你可以在看文章的时候就填进去，而且这样的正确率也比较高。排序的题目确实挺难做，我做第一篇排序的时候，就直觉得认为，应该先把每一段的文章的大意先写在草稿纸上，然后按照我们*人的思维来进行排序，所以，如果你对大意分析得透，基本这个算是中文考试。后来我证明这个方法确实不错。今年很有可能就要考这个，但也不是绝对。选择段落标题这个题目很简单，出这个题没什么大意义，基本算皆大欢喜的题型。
5、完形。这个题目完全不需要练，完形能做好，完全是靠过硬的工夫。能做到9分的人，考研的人没几个。一般好一点的7分，差点的5分，差距不大。如果前面的都做完了，时间来不及了。完形就有个速成的办法，在5分钟之内做到5分以上。就是先粗略地看一下文章，把非常确定的那些选项填进去，然后看看还剩余几个，再看看你填进去的选项中，哪个选项最少，那其他的空格就都填那个最少的选项。不过我没试过，因为我时间够。
英语差不多就这样，我就是从英语很差到英语还过得去的人，所以我想我的英语还是适用大部分在担心英语过不了线的人的。
在20xx年的考研(论坛) 考试中，我意料之中的考上了报考的学校，可也意料之外的英语(论坛)得了80分的高分。在专业课和公共课的所有科目里，我在英语上下的功夫最大，格外用心，也确实总结了一些实际可用的经验。
之所以要把考英语的体会当作重点介绍给大家，一方面是因为我考的比较理想，但更重要的一点是复*英语我确实有很多的感触至今仍记忆尤新，我从心底愿与你们分享我备考英语的酸甜苦辣。
从心底接受学*：“心勤”
“书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟”，学*任何知识尤其是语言都是没有捷径可寻的，如果说“书山”真的有路的话，那只有“勤”，但这个“勤”还必须遵循学*的规律方能攀上“书山”见到一些风景得到一些体会。“勤”的具体形式因人而异，因为每个人都有自己的学*方法，但无论形式如何不同，在本质上都是一样的，就是 “心勤”，只有用心才能得到最好的学*花朵。所以我学*英语的最大的体会就是：遵循学*规律，用心做好每一步。
用心记单词：联想法
大家知道，单词是学*英语的基础。单词记不住，一切都是空话，想最对试题更是痴人说梦。所以要学好和考好英语我们必须把单词放在第一位，花费大量的时间去记和背它们。但是记忆单词的方法因人而异，有的同学喜欢默读，有的同学*惯通过上下文情景记忆单词。而我记单词的唯一方法就是先读再出声的背，同时拿笔写下我学的单词以及我学这个或这些单词时的灵感或者体悟。
大学四年，我的英语一直都是系里比较优秀的，我觉得这样的背单词的方式对我帮助很大。具体到考研词汇，我同样是那样背的，只是我背的更加用心，而且需要强调的是我不只用心背更要反复背，我背了两种类型的考研词汇，一种是分课带有文章的，一种是纯单词的，这两种词汇我背了五六遍！当然我背的时间是随着我对单词的熟悉和理解的加深而逐渐变少的，所以大家千万不要怕多背几遍单词，熟能生巧！但是记住无论你什么时候背单词，都要专心都要用心，只有那样你才能巩固已学的发现未知的，在熟悉和联想中达到温故而知新的效果。
读不懂也能做对：语感的功劳
很多考生都有共同的感受就是有时候读懂了但是做不对题目，有时候读不懂反而能做对题。尤其是对于语言的学*，语感是非常重要的。我培养和增强语感的办法就是每天都做到听说读写英语。
关于听，我当时是听英语真题和一些英文电影歌曲之类的，现在听力放在复试当中了，所以没有必要专门听做测试型的那种听力了，但听力还是以稍难度清晰些为好，这有利于培养你对英语的认知与热爱。
关于说，我是有空就跟我的学*伙伴说两句英语的，感觉比较有意思吧。
关于读，我认为是最重要的了，可以说每天早上我都花费大量的时间读英语，最初是对21世纪或者英语世界等报刊杂志上的英语短篇什么的，后来快考试了我就读我作过的真题，读真题上面的文章尤其我做错的题和作文范文。这个方法我自己的感受就是通过读真题，不但培养了我对考研试题的'语感，有加深了对真题理解，是一个知道错在哪里又对在哪里的过程，而这我觉得最重要不过了。
关于写，我是经常写英语日记或者感想什么的，后来做真题时我是每做一套题都把作文也按规定时间和要求写下来的了，做完题后我还要对照和抄下范文，总之，从开始做真题，我每天至少写一篇英语短文，我觉得这也很有用的，它可以在提高你的写作能力的同时给你放松和自信，使你有良好的应试心态。
滚瓜烂熟于心：真题
首先，一定要认真对待真题，可以说，你把历年真题做熟了理解透了，即使你其他任何英语资料都不看你也能取得高分；其次，要制定明确的做题计划，比如每周做几次还有什么时间做等；再次，要完整地做真题，就是说，要在规定的时间内把整套题包括作文都做完，因为做真题就应该在考试一样，这样可以不断增强你应试的能力和轻松自如的心态；最后，要反复做真题，在反复做的过程中对做过的尤其是做错的题要多问为什么，只有这样你才能达到使真题和真正的考试融为一体的境界！
我当时做真题大概做了五六遍吧，后来考试时我觉得自己都“麻木”了，没有觉得考试题和真题有什么不同，我认为这很好的。
轻松备战：不畏挫折的心态
关于心态，我想说的是，一定要学会和保持放松，只要你努力了，任何时候都不要放弃，即使偶尔遇到了挫折。记得考试前两天我还做了一套卷，结果算下来，我恐怕只能得60多分，当时我真是有些崩溃了------但我不想放弃，我想什么都不管了，只管考试就可以了，反正我一直都在努力了，结果我把握不住也没什么遗憾的！事实证明我的所想所做都是正确的，在上了考场后，我依然按照自己复*时的套路答题，很从容的提前5分钟就把题做完了，考下来感觉很好，最后结果证明也比较理想！
记住只要你努力了就不要考虑后果，人生总有适合你去的地方的，即使失败了又何妨！但是，放松决不意味着你不认真，考试那两天无论如何你要保持紧张而清醒的头脑，记住什么事情都不能打扰你做完做好你应该做的事，“行百里者半九十”，最后是关键这句话一定要记在心中。
距离16年考研初试还有几十天的时间，大家基本上在考试内容的复*上都已接*尾声，最后这几十天的关键是回归基础，复*之前复*的成果，下面分享考研英语备考经验。
在考前的这几十天里，跟之前一样把重点放在历年真题上，熟悉试题，重点精读。对于阅读理解题，现在应该进行分类重点解读。首先按题材分类进行共性规律归纳。找出这些文章在出题思路、用词表达等方面的规律。其次要根据题型的不同进行归纳总结，了解常见题型。比如主旨题、推理题等。
时间分配对考研英语来说是最关键的，复*的再好，题没做完也是白瞎。最后阶段大家可以适当做几套模拟题，从中把握时间分配。
把握考研时间要注意的一个问题是做题顺序，好的做题顺序可以让自己更好的发挥自己的正常水*。如果按照考研的出题顺序做题，相信大家还没有做完阅读，头就开始大了，我记得我当年的做题顺序好像是阅读、作文、新题型、英译汉、完型填空。阅读，作文分值高拿快，我当年英语复*也主要是这两部分，所以我优先做这两部分。翻译和和完型有难分值又低，本身提升就很困难，放到最后做。各题型时间分配可以参考下面的时间分配：阅读(60-70分钟左右，一般不能超过80分钟)、作文(40-50分钟左右，一般不能超过60分钟)新题型(20分钟左右)、英译汉(25分钟左右)、完型填空(15分钟左右)。
阅读和作文可以适当的增加点时间，翻译和完型相对来说牺牲点时间这对考试成绩影响都不是很大，就算你最后没时间做完型了，还可以蒙题，一流水的B或者C，至少能对1/4，自己花时间做也不一定能做对2/3，当然这种做法不提倡，但是大家考试时出现了突**况，可以采用此方法进行最大限度的拿分。
当然时间分配这个问题要还是要根据你的做题*惯来说，大家可以针对自己的做题*惯来制定合适自己的时间安排。
还有一点做题策略要给大家说，做阅读时肯定会有个别难题一时不能确定答案，不要耗费太长时间，可以先在试卷上做个记号，等做完同一篇的其他问题时或检查时再确定答案。
说了半天阅读，考研还有一项最重要的那就是涂卡了，一定要保持卷面整洁。特别是翻译和作文部分，大家书写时一定要做到清楚整洁，字体大小要合适。为了达到这一目的，应该注意下列几点：考试时可以选用蓝黑色的笔，字不要写太大，作文和翻译的时候可以先列个提纲，然后列出主要的关键词，以免写作时涂改太多，影响卷面，万一出现书写错误，千万不要使劲涂抹，涂黑，只需要用一些划线划掉即可。
秘方：一篇阅读要读三遍
在很长的一段时间，我对考研英语阅读的理解就是难，非常难。有的时候我甚至都不敢翻开真题，怕给自己太大的打击而放弃考研。
我的考研英语阅读理解很差，所以刚开始的时候每天就做一篇，把阅读分为三遍来读：
1.先不用词典，按考试时的方式在规定的时间内（都说考研的文章15分钟一篇就行）读完，不认识的单词就猜（刚开始的时候估计会比较痛苦，越到后面就越轻松，推荐从97年的开始，我记得那年的题些文章短、生词也相对少），把答案记下来，这时千万别对答案。
2.重新再读一遍，可以用词典，不认识的词就查出来记在别处（一定不要图方便记在单词旁边，真题是要反复看的东西，记在旁边，下次再检验的时候，就要受影响。对了，答案也最好不要写在题旁边），这次阅读时不要看对难句的分析，做完后记下答案，这时也最好别对答案。
3.把记下的不认识单词进行记忆（就算是词汇学*了，真题的阅读已经基本涵盖了考研的重点词汇），这样至少在短期内，这篇文章对你没有生词。这样再进行最后的精读，参阅注解对难句进行分析，时间可以用得长些，确保对文章的每个部分都充分理解，这时再做一遍题，记下答案。
最后对答案，并把3次做的答案进行比较，很可能3次的答案有出入。不用说，第一次的结果才是自己的真正水*。
总结：做好阅读也能提高英语其他部分水*
以这样的方式来读真题，既随时检验了自己的水*，又学*了考研的重点词汇。对难句的分析，为翻译打下了基础。如果没有时间，完全可以不单独复*翻译，至少真题的翻译我就没怎么看，只是最后做模拟题的时候练了一下。了解出题者的意图，分析自己的薄弱环节，也算知己知彼了。
——考研英语写作素材 40句菁华
1、大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提供物质上的利益，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。
2、越来越多的人通过互联网进入了“信息时代”。针对这一现象，一些人认为互联网消除了障碍，为人们提供了与世界即时链接的途径。但是，他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私?
3、最*，我们经常听到贫富差距扩大了的说法。一些人认为发达世界完全忽略了这个问题。事实是这样吗?细致的调查无法证实这一观点。
4、我们经常被告知世界处于毁灭的边缘。但事实真是这样吗?
5、许多人谈论的一个最严重的问题集中在缺乏足够的居住空间。
6、尽管科学技术取得了非凡的进步，但是在保证进步成果使尽可能多的人受益这方面还存在一些问题。
7、为什么越来越多的*老人不和他们的孩子住在一起?原因之一是年轻一代的上进心增强了。另一个原因是社会上老人的机会增加了。然而，主要的原因可能是传统观念发生了巨大变化。
8、什么引发了人们对锻炼越来越浓的兴趣?一方面，人们更加清楚地意识到保持身体健康的必要性。另一方面，不断提高的生活水*使*人能够支付增加的娱乐支出。最主要的可能在于锻炼带来的保健和心理上的好处。
9、如今人类最常见的一个不足是不说真话。人们必须意识到不说真话、说谎话在过去没有，事实上，将来也永远不会变错误为正确。
10、声称缺少机会不过是敷衍失败的借口。通常，失败最根本的原因是相关的个人本身缺乏动力。
11、虽然全球变暖这一长期的问题确实很严重，但考虑到诸如环境的迅速恶化和不可更新资源的普遍滥用等当前的问题，它的重要性就有所降低了。
12、与拥有一辆自行车相比，人们更愿意拥有一辆汽车，但拥有后者涉及的问题远远超过前者。原因之一，汽车昂贵很多，需要更多的维护。原因之二，自行车不会引起污染。
13、改善教师的困难处境的确是优先处理的一件事情。但是，改进整个教育系统同等重要。
14、无论结果如何，我们必须坚定地继续为目标而努力。
15、微软的创始人比尔·盖茨是成功的经典范例。
16、坚持不懈能取得好结果!一个恰当的例子是正在进行的关于中东和*进程的谈判和预期达成的引人注目的决议。
17、历史上有很多值得称赞和效法的伟人。
18、个人经验告诉我：和善地对待别人会得到数不清的好处。
19、庆幸的是，大量可靠的证据证明抽烟和癌症有直接联系是毫无疑问的。
20、Energy and persistence conquer all things.
21、Do what you say, and say what you do
22、Only the selfless can be fearless.
23、Never judge by appearances.
24、The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.
25、Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.
26、Don’t aim for success if you want it; just do what you love and believe in, and it will come naturally.
27、If you are doing your best, you will not have to worry about failure.
28、Clumsy birds have to start flying early.
29、Haste makes waste.
30、One is never too old to learn.
31、The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart.
32、Life is like freshly fallen snow. Be careful where you walk because every step1 will show.
33、Life is the art of drawing sufficient conclusions form insufficient premises.
34、A common danger causes common action.
35、Anger begins with folly, and ends in repentance.
36、Every noble work is at first impossible.
37、The best hearts are always the bravest.
38、Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness.
39、Life is a school and we are here to learn.
40、The clearest footprints of life are often on the muddiest road.
——爱的英语美文欣赏 (菁华3篇)
In an instant, I was ten years old, became one of the fourth grade primary school students, close your eyes, the memory of ten years to sink into a picture flashed in front of me, a lot of fragments have been blurred, but there are also many memorable to me, let me lead a person to endless aftertastes drip, feel sweet and happy and grow happy.
It was a hot summer evening. I felt dizzy and dizzy. I was lazy and soft. I lay on the sofa and called my mother, mother touched my forehead, and said, "ah, hot, fever!" Go to the hospital. " Without demur, I drove back the speeding hospital. Along the way, my mother worried, kept asking "uncomfortable, how do you feel?" In order not to let my mother worry, I say I'm good every time. On the way to the hospital very far, and finally to the hospital, the mother tired her out, busy perspiration comes down like raindrops, payment, medicine, the mother almost exhausted, at this moment, how I want to become a towel to wipe the sweat mother ah!
The tie Diaozhen, mom clenched lips, squeeze the fist, like fluids into the mother's skin. Tie hook, my mother fed to drink water, gently hold me in your arms, a good heart, I lay lim* in the mother's arms, enjoying the love sweet sleep. I didn't know how long it was. When I woke up, I saw my mother asleep on the chair. There were several white hairs scattered on my mother's long black hair, and suddenly my nose was sour. Mom is old. In those ten years, my mother gave me all her love. Her mother's tender hand has become rough, and her mental face has also become tired. I want to jump into my mother's arms and say "I love you", but I'm afraid to wake my mother and look at my mother's shadow, and I shed my sour tears.
This is the sweet, happy, selfless mother's love I have experienced in my growing up. This is not to buy with money, mother, daughter, must listen to your words, no longer provoking you, and love you well!
Mother love is selfless; mother love is great; mother love is everyone's own. Do you remember a song:
"The only mother in the world is good,"
A * child is like a treasure.
Throwing into my mother's arms,
Happiness can't be enjoyed. "
I remember when I was young, as soon as I sang this song "the only good mother in the world", I would see my mother's face filled with a long, unable to stop smiling. Mom always says, "look! My little Sicido is able to do it? How do you know about it? It's really grown up. "
When I was 8 years old, my illness came to me again - naive, romantic, lovely, and gastritis again.
I have a fever and vomit all day, and my stomach is still painful, but my mother is busy taking me to the hospital to check. There were several hospitals in a row, and the results were different. Mother could be badly broken, and the big tears of the soya bean flowed like rain.
At 9 o'clock in the evening, I went to sleep. In the dream: I play games with my mom and dad and sing with my classmates. How wonderful the life was at that time!
It was about one o'clock in the morning, and I woke up. The living room is still bright. I leaped down from the bed and walked to the door quietly. I saw my mother holding my picture in my hand and lying on the sofa, staring at the bright moon in the sky. I have a sour nose and climb to bed.
At 6 o'clock on the second morning, I was in bed and saw the light in the living room, but my mother had been dreaming of my picture.
Look carefully, mother's eyes are black, and "embellish" a circle of red. After I covered my mother with a quilt, I went back to my room and lay on the bed. I could not help humming "the only mother in the world".
As the saying goes, dripping grace, yongquan. But my mother gave me the love of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. How should I return it?
My mother is more than 30 years old this year, the height and the appearance of the general, but very generous, never to compare with others. Of course, people are not perfect, and her greatest "weakness" is love to lie.
I believe many people have heard their parents say, "never tell lies, or they will be eaten by the wolf..." I have heard these words, and I wonder, mother "lies", and the number of times, but not to be eaten by the big wolf?
My mother is very concerned about my study. I remember when I was in primary school, my mother sent me to school, and I went to school, every day. I remember one winter morning, in the north wind, we walked to school together. The brisk north wind blows up, and "blows." Just these days my mother was unwell, but he still insisted on going to school with me. My mother could not move, and I said, "Mom, go back!" I'll go to school by myself. " "No, mother said firmly, let yourself go to school will be stolen! What's more, I'm still walking, and I can take more ways to exercise. " Is it so cold, for a person so poor, to stay up? Mother is "lying" again.
My mother not only cares about my study, but also cares about my body. Whatever I love and those nourishing, no matter how expensive it is, she will always buy it for me. But what makes me strange is that whatever I love, she "doesn't love to eat". One day, my mother made my favorite curry pork chop, I suddenly became a little, two or three had a pork chop "sweep" a half, to eat the last piece, I found my mother was looking at me, his face looked very pleased. In fact, I know Mom is "lying" again. It's not mother "don't like to eat", but give me all I love. At this time, I finally realized that the reason that the mother lied and not be eaten by the big wolf was, this is the lie of love!
——英语的晨读美文优选【十】份
Be sure to make reservations if the restaurant you chose is a fancy or popular one. It’s very embarrassing to show up without reservations and having to wait for a table, leaving very bad impression on your date. Also, be sure to check to see if they have a dress code and tell your date in advance what to wear. When your food arrives, proper dinning etiquette requires you to eat at a moderate pace so that you have time to talk.
A good measure of how fast you should eat is to count 10 seconds between each mouthful and it’s a bad dining etiquette if you gobble down your food and you spend the rest of the time watching your date eat. Don’t slurp your soup, smack your lips, or chew with your mouth open. Nothing is more unsightly than watching someone talk and chew their food at the same time. Your napkin should be placed on your lap at all times.
Don’t tuck it into your belt or use it as a bib. If you have to get up, place it neatly on your seat. When eating, your fork straight in your mouth. Don’t place your fork in the side of your mouth as it increases the chances of food sliding away, which could be very embarrassing. If you get food stuck in your mouth don’t pick it out with your fingers or fork at the table. Excuse yourself and go to the restroom and get it out with a toothpick. When dinning, keep your eyes on your date at all times and try to smile between mouthfuls. Occasionally,you should make an effort to show some interest and ask questions like,“How do you like the beef?” If she needs anything, you are the one who is supposed to flag down the waiter by a gentle wave of the hand until someone notices you.
In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or former colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act. I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil,
sweat and tears. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and unpleasant catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs―victory in spite of all terrors―victory, however long and hard the road may be,
for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal. I take up my task in light heart and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, “Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.”
Job was not a brilliant man. He swept floors for a living. He believed that Tarzan was a real man， and that all those movies were really documentary of Tarzan's life. He was the butt of many jokes， yet he taught me about the essence of a "real man": love and respect for women， honor， kindness and gentleness.
乔布并不起眼，他以打扫楼道为生。他相信在现实生活中，人猿泰山是真实存在的，所有的那些电影都是泰山生活的真实记录片。他是大家取笑的对象，然而他，教会了我"真正的人"应有的品质:爱护与尊重女性、荣耀、善良和亲切。
Job embraced life in unexpected， simple ways. He showed up for work， on time. He never bragged about himself， and he loved only one woman -his wife， Molly. Job filled void a in my life. He was principled straightforward and in my world of dishonor and lies. He loved me as his very own grandchild， even though he was a year younger than my father.
乔布用出人意料的简单方式拥抱生活。他工作准时，从不吹嘘自己，而且只爱一个女人――他的妻子莫莉。乔布填补了我生命中的空白。在我那满布谎言和耻辱的世界里，他是如此有原则和正直。他像爱自己的孙女一样爱我，尽管他比我父亲还小一岁。
I will never forget my graduation from high school. That was a day of hopeless inevitability for me. My father， who was a heavy drinker， began his celebration very early in the day. By the time we congratulated in the high school gymnasium my father had congratulated himself through nearly a case of beer.
我永远也忘不了我高中毕业时的情形。那天对我来说本是注定让人绝望的。我的酒鬼父亲，那天一大早就开始自己狂欢了。当我们在学校体育馆集中庆祝时，他已经浸在几乎一箱啤酒里自己作乐了。
I tried to be invisible within a sea of faces. wanted to run away and disappear. Most of all I wanted was no one to guess whose kid I was. 1 was betrayed by my last name， which began with the letter "A" ， so I was the first graduate on the first row. Being a red-head gave me even more exposure， and the becalaureate， speaker， who had never met me， decided to use me as his audio-visual aid.
我尽力让自己在人海里显得毫不起眼。我想逃走。我想消失。我最希望的，就是没人知道我是谁的孩子。可我的姓氏出卖了我。我姓氏的首字母是"A"，因此我是第一排的第一个毕业生。满头的红发让我更加显眼，而那个与我从未谋面的毕业致词者，决定把我当作辅助他， "教学的工具 "。
"This young lady， this bright young lady with the bright red hair. " His voice rolled through the auditorium in sonorous phrases， as I sank lower in my seat. Over to my left， at the door of the auditorium， was a seating arrangement for the "elderly". And there sat Molly， age ， and Job， age 47， with all of the grandparents. My heart ached when I looked at them， wishing with all my heart that I were， truly， their grandchild.
"这位年轻的女士，这位长着一头亮丽红友的漂亮女士。 "他言词夸张，声音在礼堂里盘旋回响。而座位上的我，却缩得更低了。我左边的礼堂门口处，是给"长者 "的座位区。61岁的莫莉和47岁的乔布跟其他人的祖父母们都坐在那儿。我望着他们，心如刀割。我多么希望我真是他们的孙女。
As the speaker continued with his speech， he reached a point where he had an uncontrollable urge to introduce "all the wonderful people who have made this day possible!"
发言者继续着他的演讲，说到点子上时，他按捺不住内心的激动，要介绍"所有成就了今天毕业礼的了不起的人们!"
"All the siblings of the graduates， please， stand." I slipped lower in my seat， glancing hurriedly around， hoping to remain invisible.
"所有即将毕业的同学们，请起立。"我靠在座位上，身子藏得更低了，眼睛快速地向周围扫视了一下，但愿没人看得见我。
"Now， all the parents， please stand." Dear Lord， I thought， I'm sure my father can't stand， even if he wanted to. I didn't bother to look around.
"现在，所有的父母们，请起立。"我暗地里想:天啊，我敢肯定，就算我父亲想站，他也站不起来了。我甚至看都不用看了。
"Now the grandparents" I closed my eyes， dreading the hopelessness of my situation. I had no grandparent to stand proudly for me. I finally opened my eyes， and there they were， Job and Molly， standing proudly with all the other grandparents. Job looked over at me， his eyes beaming like diamonds.
"现在，祖父母们… "我闭上眼睛，处境让我不堪设想。没有祖父母会为我自豪地站起来。我最后睁开了眼睛，他们站起来了――乔布和美莉，他们所有的祖父母们一起自豪地站起来了。乔布看着我，眼睛里闪烁着钻石般的光芒。
"I'm so proud of you，" he smiled as he mouthed the words that I will never forget. I knew that he stood there， not out of duty， but because of his love for me!
"我真为你感到骄傲，"他做着口形说道，说的时候面带笑容，而我将永远也不会忘记这些话。我知道，他站起来并不是出于责任，而是源于他对我的爱!
One day thirty years ago Marseilles lay in the burning sun. A blazing sun upon a fierce August day was no greater rarity in southern France than at any other time before or since.
Everything in Marseilles and about Marseilles had stared at the fervid sun, and had been stared at in return, until a staring habit had become universal there. Strangers were stared out of countenance by staring white houses, staring white streets, staring tracts of arid road, staring hills from which verdure was burnt away. The only things to be seen not fixedly staring and glaring were the vines drooping under their loads of grapes. These did occasionally wink a little, as the hot air barely moved their faint leaves. The universal stare made the eyes ache.
Towards the distant blue of the Italian coast, indeed, it was a little relieved by light clouds of mist slowly rising from the evaporation of the sea, but it softened nowhere else. Far away the dusty vines overhanging wayside cottages, and the monotonous wayside avenues of parched trees without shade, dropped beneath the stare of earth and sky. So did the horses with drowsy bells, in long files of carts, creeping slowly towards the interior; so did their recumbent drivers, when they were awake, which rarely happened; so did the exhausted laborers in the fields. Everything that lived or grew was oppressed by the glare; except the lizard, passing swiftly over rough stone walls, and cicada, chirping its dry hot chirp, like a rattle. The very dust was scorched brown, and something quivered in the atmosphere as if the air itself were panting. Blinds, shutters, curtains, awnings, were all closed and drawn to deep out the stare.
Grant it but a chink or a keyhole, and it shot in like a white-hot arrow.
Do animals Think?
动物也会思考吗？
The question has often been asked, Do animals think? I believe that some of them think a great deal. Many of them are like children in their sports. We notice this to be true very often with dogs and cats; but it is true with other animals as well.
Some birds are very lively in their sports; and the same is true with some insects. The ants, hardworking as they are, have their times for play. They run races; they wrestle; and sometimes they have mock fights together. Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports.
There are many animals, however, that never play; their thoughts seem to be of the more sober kind. We never see frogs engaged in sport. They all the time appear to be very grave. The same is true of the owl, who always looks as if he were considering some important question.
Animals think much while building their houses. The bird searches for what it can use in building its nest, and in doing this it thinks. The beavers think as they build their dams and their houses. They think in getting their materials, and also in arranging them, and in plastering them together with mud. Some spiders build houses which could scarcely have been made except by some thinking creature.
As animals think, they learn. Some learn more than others. The parrot learns to talk, though in some other respects it is quite stupid. The mocking bird learns to imitate a great many different sounds. The horse is not long in learning many things connected with the word which he has to do. The shepherd dog does not know as much about most things as some other dogs, and yet he understands very well how to take care of sheep.
Though animals think and learn, they do not make any real improvement in their ways of doing things, as men do. Each kind of bird has its own way of building a nest, and it is always the same way. And so of other animals. They have no new fashions, and learn none from each other. But men, as you know, are always finding new ways of building houses, and improved methods of doing almost all kinds of labor.
Many of the things that animals know how to do they seem to know either without learning, or in some way which we cannot understand. They are said to do such things by instinct; but no one can tell what instinct is. It is by this instinct that birds build their nests and beavers their dams and huts. If these things were all planned and thought out just as men plan new houses, there would be some changes in the fashions of them, and some improvements.
人们会经常问到这样的问题：动物会思考吗？我想有些动物很会动脑筋思考的。很多动物玩起来像小孩子们是一样的。我们注意到，这一点就猫狗说确实真是这样的，而对其他一些动物来说也是如此。
有些鸟类在玩起来的时候是很活跃的，有些昆虫类也是如此。蚂蚁，虽然干起活来很勤奋，可是它们也能抽出时间来玩。蚂蚁参加各种赛跑，摔跤，有时还在一起模拟战斗。在蚂蚁从事这些活动的时候，他的思想肯定很活跃。
可是，也有些动物从来也不玩耍，它们的思想性格令人觉得好像是属于比较严肃冷静的那种类型。我们从来没见过蛙类在一起玩耍。蛙类总是令人觉得很严肃的样子。猫头鹰也是这样：总让人看起来好像猫头鹰老是在考虑很重要的问题的样子。
动物在筑巢或垒窝的时候就会考虑得比较多。鸟在筑巢时就要搜索它能用得上的材料，在做这类工作时，鸟儿就在动脑筋。河狸在修水坝或垒窝的时候也会动脑子。河狸在寻找建筑材料，在把撒谎到的材料考虑怎样安放以及用泥土把这些材料粘合到一起时都在动脑子思考。有些种类的蜘蛛所垒的窝，除了有些思想的动物而外，是很少有什么动物能垒成的。
动物不但会思考，而且也会学*。有些动物比其他动物更关于学*。鹦鹉虽然在别的方面很蠢，可是会学说话。美国南方的模仿鸟会模仿很多不同的音响。马不用很长时间就能学会跟让它干的活儿有关的许多东西。虽然牧羊犬不懂得基他种狗所懂的绝大部分事物，可是牧羊犬却精通于怎样看护好羊群。
虽然动物会思考也会学*，可是却不能像人那样，对学会的事物作出任何真正的改革。每种鸟都有自己的筑巢方法，但总是用的同样的方式，互相之间也不学*。可是，你知道，人类就不是这样，人类总是要寻求新的盖房子的方式，人类总是要改进作一些事情的方式方法。
有许多事情，似乎是动物都知道怎么做。它们秘书科不用学就会或者是用我们还没了解到的方法就掌握了。据说它们都是凭着本能去做这类事情，都能像人类设计新房子那样，动物也能有周密的计划和仔细的考虑，那么动物的巢穴在式样上也会有所变化和改进的
Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world. They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but also for every thinking man and woman. To be or not to be, to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely. A philosopher once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionally. He answered it by saying: "I think, therefore am."
But the best definition of existence ever saw did another philosopher who said: "To be is to be in relations." If this true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is alive. To live abundantly means sim*** to increase the range and intensity of our relations. Unfortunately we are so constituted that we get to love our routine. But apart from our regular occupation how much are we alive? If you are interest-ed only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent. So far as other things are concerned--poetry and prose, music, pictures, sports, unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs--you are dead.
Contrariwise, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest--even more, a new accomplishment--you increase your power of life. No one who is dee*** interested in a large variety of subjects can remain unhappy; the real pessimist is the person who has lost interest.
Bacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friend. But we gain new life by contacts, new friends. What is supremely true of living objects is only less true of ideas, which are also alive. Where your thoughts are, there will your live be also. If your thoughts are confined only to your business, only to your physical welfare, only to the narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live in a narrow cir-conscribed life. But if you are interested in what is going on in China, then you are living in China~ if you’re interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interesting people, if you listen intently to fine music, you are away from your immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imagination.
To be or not to be--to live intensely and richly, merely to exist, that depends on ourselves. Let widen and intensify our relations. While we live, let live!
译文：
生存还是毁灭
“生存还是毁灭。”如果把《圣经》除外，这六个字便是整个世界文学中最有名的六个字了。这六个字是哈姆雷特一次喃喃自语时说的，而这六个字也就成了莎士比亚作品中最有名的几个字了，因为这里哈姆雷特不仅道出了他自己的心声，同时也代表了一切有思想的男男女女。是活还是不活――是要生活还是不要生活，是要生活得丰满充实，兴致勃勃，还是只是活得枯燥委琐，贫乏无味。一位哲人一次曾想弄清他自己是否是在活着，这个问题我们每个人也大可不时地问问我们自己。这位哲学家对此的答案是： “我思故我在。”
但是关于生存我所见过的一条最好的定义却是另一位哲学家下的：“生活即是联系。”如果这话不假的话，那么一个有生命者的联系越多，它也就越有生气。所谓要活得丰富充实也即是要扩大跟加强我们的各种联系。不幸的是，我们往往会因为天性不够丰厚而容易陷入自己的陈规旧套。试问除去我们的日常工作，我们的真正生活又有多少?如果你只是对你的日常工作才有兴趣，那你的生趣也就很有限了。至于在其它事物方面，比如诗歌、美文、音乐、美术、体育、无私的友谊、政治与国际事务，等等――你只是死人一个。
但反过来说，每当你获得一种新的兴趣――甚至一项新的造诣――你就增长了你的生活本领。一个能对许许多多事物都深感兴趣的人是不可能总不愉快的，真正的悲观者只能是那些丧失兴趣的人。
培根曾讲过，一个人失去朋友即是死亡。但是凭着交往，凭着新朋，我们就能获得再生。这条对于活人可谓千真万确的'道理在一定程度上也完全适用于人的思想，它们也都是活的。你的思想所在，你的生命便也在那里。如果你的思想不出你的业务范围，不出你的物质利益，不出你所在城镇的狭隘圈子，那么你的一生便也只是多方受着局限的狭隘的一生。但是如果你对当前中国那里所发生的种种感到兴趣，那么你便可说也活在中国;如果你对一本佳妙小说中的人物感到兴趣，你便是活在一批极有趣的人们中间;如果你能全神贯注地听点好的音乐，你就会超脱出你的周围环境而活在一个充满激情与想象的神奇世界之中。
生存还是毁灭――活得热烈活得丰富，还是只是简单存在，这就全在我们自己。但愿我们都能不断扩展跟增强我们的各种联系。只要一天我们活着，就要一天是在活着。
We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning; signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.
In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.
Now the trumpet summons us again, not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, “rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation”, a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.
Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?
In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility. I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.
My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth, God’s work must truly be our own.
——英语晨读美文(10)份
I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating. I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our chambers. A man thinking or working is always alone, let him be where he will. Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. The really diligent student in one of the crowded hives of Cambridge College is as solitary as a dervish in the desert. The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day, hoeing or chopping, and not feel lonesome, because he is employed; but when he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts, but must be where he can :see the folks,:” and recreate, and, as he thinks, remunerate himself for his day’s solitude; and hence he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without ennui and :the blues:; but he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is still at work in his field, and chopping in his woods, as the farmer in his, and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does, though it may be a more condensed form of it.
Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other. We meet at meals three times a day, and give each other a new taste of that old musty cheese that we are. We have had to agree on a certain set of rules, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable and that we need not come to open war. We meet at the post-office, and at the sociable, and about the fireside every night; we live thick and are in each other’s way, and stumble over one another, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications. Consider the girls in a factory---never alone, hardly in their dreams. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live. The value of a man is not in his skin, that we should touch him.
I have a great deal of company in my house; especially in the morning, when nobody calls. Let me suggest a few comparisons, that some one may convey an idea of my situation. I am no more lonely than the loon in the pond that laughs so loud, or than Walden Pond itself. What company has that lonely lake, I pray?
And yet it has not the blue devils, but the blue angels in it, in the azure tint of its waters. The sun is alone, except in thick weather, when there sometimes appear to be two, but one is a mock sun. god is alone---but the devil, he is far from being alone; he sees a great deal of company; he is legion. I am no more lonely than a single mullein or dandelion in a pasture, or a bean leaf, or sorrel, or a horse-fly, or a bumblebee. I am no more lonely than the Millbrook, or a weathercock, or the north star, or the south wind, or an April shower, or a January thaw, or the first spider in a new house.
我发现人若大部分时间用于独处，将有益身心。与人为伴，即使是挚友，也很快会有厌烦或虚度光阴的感觉。我爱独处，我发现没有比独处更好的伴侣了。出国，身在熙攘人群中，要比退守陋室更让人寂寞。心有所想，身有所系的人总是孤身一人，不论他身处何地。独处与否也不是由人与人之间的距离来确定。在剑桥苦读的学子虽身处蜂巢般拥挤的教室，实际上却和沙漠中的苦行僧一样，是在独处。家人终日耕于田间，伐于山野，此时他虽孤单但并不寂寞，因他专心于工作;但待到他日暮而息，却未必能忍受形影相吊，空有思绪做伴的时光，他必到“可以看见大伙儿”的去处去找乐子，如他所认为的那样以补偿白日里的孤独;因此他无法理解学子如何能竟夜终日独坐而不心生厌倦或倍感凄凉;然而他没意识到，学子虽身在学堂，但心系劳作，但是耕于心田，伐于学林，这正和农人一样，学子在寻求的无非是和他一样的快乐与陪伴，只是形式更简洁罢了。
与人交往通常都因唾手可得而毫无价值，在频繁的相处中，我们无暇从彼此获取新价值。我们每日三餐相聚，反复让彼此重新审视的也是依旧故我，并无新奇之处。为此我们要循规蹈矩，称其为懂礼仪，讲礼貌，以便在这些频繁的接触中相安无事，无须论战而有辱斯文。我们相遇在邮局，邂逅在社交场所，围坐在夜晚的炉火旁，交情甚笃，彼此干扰着，纠缠着;实际上我认为这样我们都或多或少失去了对彼此的尊重。对于所有重要的倾心交流，相见不必过频。想想工厂里的女孩，她们虽从不落单，但也少有梦想。像这样方圆一英里仅一人居住，那情况会更好。人的价值非在肌肤相亲，而在心有灵犀。
我的房子里有很多伙伴，尤其在无人造访的清晨。我把自己和周围事物对比一下，你或许能窥见我生活的一斑。比起那湖中长笑的潜鸟，还有那湖，我并不比它们孤独多少。你看：这孤单的湖又何以为伴呢?然而它那一湾天蓝的湖水里有的却是天使的纯净，而非魔鬼的忧郁。太阳是孤独的，虽然时而在阴郁的天气里会出现两个太阳，但其中之一为幻日;上帝是孤独的 – 魔鬼才从不孤单，他永远不乏伙伴，因从他都甚众。比起牧场上的一朵毛蕊花，一支蒲公英，一片豆叶，一束酢浆草，一只牛虻或大黄蜂来，我并不孤单多少;比想密尔溪，风标，北极星，南风，四月春雨，正月融雪，或者新房中的第一只蜘蛛，我也并不更加孤单。
What is Love? The eternal question we all carry around deep within our heart. Love is the eternal search. Love is eternal when we find it. But do we really ever find it ? When we define it do we negate it? When we set limits on what we believe to be love do we begin to destroy it by hoping to understand or own it for ourselves? We offer it through all of our relationship we vary our giving, often by what we hope to receive in return. But is this really love?
爱是什么?这是所有人心底永恒的问题。爱，是永恒的寻觅。爱一旦被找到，它也将变为永恒。但我们真的找到过爱吗?当我们定义爱的同时，是否也在否定爱呢?在给我们所认为的爱加种种限制的同时，我们试图按自己的方式理解它，或想将其据为己有时，我们是否也在破坏它呢?我们将爱施与周围的所有人，而如何给予是由期望的回报来决定的。但是这是真正的爱。
I recently overheard someone say in a conversation that there is no such thing as “ unconditional love .” I would have to agree, although for different reasons. Love within itself is unconditional. Anything else is only an attempt to love, a learning to get us nearer to the one true knowing of love. It may be honorable, well-intentioned, passionate and desiring, courageous and pure. It may be felt as temporary, but if lost easily it may not have been love at all. Love cannot be thwarted and often fall short of what we hope love will be. This is where we learn we are human.
最*，我无意间听别人说，世上没有所谓的“无条件的爱”。在此，我不得不表示同意这一论断，尽管理由不尽相同，但是爱本身确是无条件的。其他一切都仅仅是爱的一种尝试，通过它们去逐渐地理解爱的真谛。爱可能是高贵善意的，是充满热情与渴望的，是勇敢与纯洁的；爱是势不可挡的，而且，常常达不到我们的期望值。由此我们可以透察人性。
Love has been experienced as a life of living poetry. Love has been experienced as being the very notes of song, uplifting and generous to the wanting ear. Love has been experienced as the final act of giving one’s life for another in battle. Love has been experienced as an endless passionate over flow of emotion in the arms of waiting lover.
爱的经历像一首鲜活灵动的诗；爱的经历像一个个美妙动听的音符，让企盼的双耳得到振奋、满足；爱的经历像战场上舍己救人的一幕；爱的经历像赋予人新生的选择；爱的经历像依偎在期盼已久的爱人臂弯时所流露出的无尽爱意。
What do you do with the love granted to you each day? How many times do we deny its expression for others because we fear what our own expressions will bring? Are we not denying our creator every time we deny the expression of love?
你是怎样对待每天给予你的爱的呢?有多少次由于害怕被拒绝，我们未能向他人表达爱意?在每次拒绝爱的表白之时，难道我们不是拒绝造物主的恩赐吗?
Lost, empty, alone and searching. As individuals who have experienced separation or divorce, or even the loss of a loved one to death, the separation can be the most traumatic experience we live through. The heart-wrenching pain that seems to never really go away, the enormous waves that hit us daily, the times we hit the wall right after a strong and uplifting experience reminds us that we are learning. We are learning about strength, passion for our own life, about our own sincerity in our beliefs, about our loyalty to who we are, and certainly about our own genuineness. We search for that day when love will come again. We search everywhere, everyday, almost every hour.
迷茫、空虚、孤独、寻觅。对于那些经历过分别、离异，甚至失去过爱人的人来说，这样的离别乃是生命中最大的伤痕。揪心的伤痛永无此境；生活中的挫折与磨难无时无刻不在提醒我们：我们正处于认知的过程中。我们正在认识自己生命的力量与激情，认识对信仰的虔诚，认识对自的忠贞，认识自己的本性。我们期待真爱重回的那一天，我们每时每刻都在每一个角落寻觅。
It has been said for centuries that “ love is where the eyes meet with passion, for the eyes cannot hide what the heart feels.” So we have learned to look outward for this eternal love that will fulfill us, forgetting that it must first fill our own hearts. Perhaps that is why we fall into such pain and agony and sorrow when a love affair fails. It is at that moment that we realize we did not fail the other person we expressed love to , but we have somehow not fulfilled ourselves once again. We combat failure with a misunderstood unfulfilled promise. We lade it, not knowing if we will ever find it again. The emotion tides life and fall ,crash and settle, then lift again.
几个世纪以来，我们一直说：“爱就是充满激情的目光相遇，因为眼睛掩饰不住内心的真实感受”。因此，我们都学会了向外看，去寻找那份永恒的能使自己充实起来的爱，却忽略了它首先应占据我们自己心灵的领地。或许，这就是当一段恋情受挫时，我们会如此地痛苦与悲伤的原因所在。此时，我们才意识到，我们并未负于曾向我们示爱的那一个人，只是我们认为它没能让我们充实、完整。我们用误解且无法兑现的承诺来抑制失败。我们失去了爱，不知是否能再次找回它。感情的潮水起伏不定，时而汹涌，时而*与，继而会再次澎湃。
No one else, no matter how much we talk or cry, can pull us through the anxious hours of soul repair and growth. It is our own fire within that needs rekindling, guarding against the winds that would blow it out and leave us dark, cold and helpless. It is at this time that we find the lobe that binds us together with every other being that surrounds us on the planet. Eventually we find the sun still rises to meet in the morning and the stars continue to show us the way each night. The rivers still flow downstream into oceans that will never turn them away. The trees still reach upward every day praising the God that made them. We stand up straight and take a lesson from it all.
无论我们说了多少话，流了多少泪，无人能帮助我们过心灵修复的阴霾与成长过程中的绵绵阴雨。我们的心灵为火需要再燃，需要呵护，不致让风将其吹灭，不致让自己被黑暗、阴冷与无助所包围。此时，我们便找到把我们与周围的每个生命维系在一起的那份爱。我们终会发现，太阳依然长期升起，来迎接黎明的到来；星光依然闪烁，来指引我们夜行的方向；江河依然流向下游，归入广纳百川的大海；树木依然日日向上生长，歌颂赋予其生命的上苍。我们挺直身躯，从这一切中汲取教训。
What if you woke up one morning and realized that you were the only person left on the face of the earth? Who would you love? Why do we wait so long to start the journey that begins in the same place that it ends?Love, in all its endlessness, unboundedness and failed definitions is this experience.
如果某天早上，当你醒来，发觉这一个世界只剩下你一人，你当如何应对?你去爱谁?我们为何要等如此长的时间，才在终点重新形开始新的旅程?这是一次无边无尽、无从定义的爱之旅。
Love doesn’t ask why. It doesn’t come. It doesn’t go. It just is. It is not only in our hands, it is our hands. It isn’t only in our heart, it is what makes our heart beat every beat. It wraps itself around us so securely that all we need to do to survive against all odds is to recognize it as the very breath we just drew, and the last breath we just let go.
爱不问理由。它不会走*你，也不会远离你。爱始终存在着。它就是我们的手中，在我们的心里，确切地说就是我们的双手，就是我们每一次心跳的动力。爱将我们安全地包围着，我们把它当成每一次真切的呼吸，时刻与爱同在，是我们克服一切困难有秘诀。
It is curious that our own offenses should seem so much less heinous than the offenses of others. I suppose the reason is that we know all the circumstances that have occasioned them and so manage to excuse in ourselves what we cannot excuse in others. We turn our attention away from our own defects, and when we are forced by untoward events to consider them, find it easy to condone them. For all I know we are right to do this; they are part of us and we must accept the good and bad in ourselves together.
But when we come to judge others, it is not by ourselves as we really are that we judge them, but by an image that we have formed of ourselves fro which we have left out everything that offends our vanity or would discredit us in the eyes of the world. To take a trivial instance: how scornful we are when we catch someone out telling a lie; but who can say that he has never told not one, but a hundred?
There is not much to choose between men. They are all a hotchpotch of greatness and littleness, of virtue and vice, of nobility and baseness. Some have more strength of character, or more opportunity, and so in one direction or another give their instincts freer play, but potentially they are the same. For my part, I do not think I am any better or any worse than most people, but I know that if I set down every action in my life and every thought that has crossed my mind, the world would consider me a monster of depravity. The knowledge that these reveries are common to all men should inspire one with tolerance to oneself as well as to others. It is well also if they enable us to look upon our fellows, even the most eminent and respectable, with humor, and if they lead us to take ourselves not too seriously.
让人奇怪的是，和别人的过错比起来，我们自身的过错却往往不是那样的可恶。我想，其原因应该是我们知晓一切导致自己犯错的情况，所以能够设法谅解自己的错误，而别人的错误却不能谅解。我们对自己的缺点不甚关注，即便是深陷困境而不得不正视它们的时候，我们也会很容易就宽恕自己。据我所知，我们这样做是正确的。缺点是我们自身的一部分，我们必须接纳自己的好和坏。
但是当我们评判别人的时候，情况就不同了。我们不是通过真实的自我来评判别人，而是用一种自我形象来评判，这种自我形象完全摒弃了在任何世人眼中会伤害到自己的虚荣或者体面的东西。举一个小例子来说：当觉察到别人说谎时，我们是多么地蔑视他啊!但是，谁能够说自从未说过谎?可能还不止一百次呢。
人和人之间没什么大的差别。他们皆是伟大与渺小，善良与邪恶，高尚与低俗的混合体。有的人性格比较坚毅，机会也比较多，因而达个或那个方面，能够更自由地发挥自己的禀赋，但是人类的潜能却都是相同的。至于我自己，我认为自己并不比大多数人更好或者更差，但是我知道，假如我记下我生命中每一次举动和每一个掠过我脑海的想法的话，世界就会将我视为一个邪恶的怪物。每个人都会有这样的怪念头，这样的认识应当能够启发我们宽容自己，也宽容他人。同时，假如因此我们得以用幽默的态度看待他人，即使是天下最优秀最令人尊敬的人，而且假如我们也因此不把自己看得过于重要，那是很有裨益的。
Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world. They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but also for every thinking man and woman. To be or not to be, to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely. A philosopher once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionally. He answered it by saying: "I think, therefore am."
But the best definition of existence ever saw did another philosopher who said: "To be is to be in relations." If this true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is alive. To live abundantly means sim*** to increase the range and intensity of our relations. Unfortunately we are so constituted that we get to love our routine. But apart from our regular occupation how much are we alive? If you are interest-ed only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent. So far as other things are concerned--poetry and prose, music, pictures, sports, unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs--you are dead.
Contrariwise, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest--even more, a new accomplishment--you increase your power of life. No one who is dee*** interested in a large variety of subjects can remain unhappy; the real pessimist is the person who has lost interest.
Bacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friend. But we gain new life by contacts, new friends. What is supremely true of living objects is only less true of ideas, which are also alive. Where your thoughts are, there will your live be also. If your thoughts are confined only to your business, only to your physical welfare, only to the narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live in a narrow cir-conscribed life. But if you are interested in what is going on in China, then you are living in China~ if you’re interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interesting people, if you listen intently to fine music, you are away from your immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imagination.
To be or not to be--to live intensely and richly, merely to exist, that depends on ourselves. Let widen and intensify our relations. While we live, let live!
Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now, we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
In most people’s minds the term desert conjures up an image of undulating sand dunes beneath the hot sun. There are, however, many other kinds of desert. Antarctica, Greenland and the polar ice packs are cold deserts where the water is locked up in ice. As for the Earth’s arid regions, they exist both in areas such as Arabia where the climate is permanently hot, and in others such as the steppes of central Asia where the winters are cold. The common denominator between them is that on average more water evaporates than falls as rain.Where there is practically no rain, as in the Sahara and the Gobi, there is virtually no life.
Regions in which enough water falls to allow grazing and perhaps some dry farming are described as semi-arid. There are many of these in Africa, India, Argentina and Australia. Arid and semi-arid regions make up more than a third of the world’s land surface, whereas cultivated land accounts only for one-tenth. They are concentrated in two zones straddling the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, on each side of the Equator.
The main cause of aridity is to be found in the circulation of the atmosphere above our revolving globe. The almost permanent ridges of high pressure that predominate around the 30olatitude mark stop rain from forming. Great distance from the oceans or the presence of mountain barriers are other factors that contribute to the aridity of regions like central Asia or the American Midwest.
So deserts have not been created by humankind, as is something claimed, though people do contribute to decertification. In our time increased population pressure and over-intensive agriculture and grazing are accelerating soil degradation and worsening the effects of drought in semi-arid regions such as the African Sahel and northeastern Brazil.
There is another way in which human activity may affect the evolution of arid regions. It is thought that the accumulation in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide from automobile engines, heating or industry and other gases of industrial and agricultural origin can lead to global warming through the ‘greenhouse effect’. It is not yet possible to predict the consequences of such global warming for different regions, but it may well be that in a few decades some arid regions will be direr still while others will be less so. In that case, people will have brought about a significant climatic change, comparable to those that have taken place in the course of geological history.
In order to experience everlasting love in life, you ought to first figure out what is missing in your life and then fill in the gaps. People fall in and out of love because they expect their lovers to be everything to them and do everything for them. They then become dissatisfied when the partner fails to meet all their requirements. If you have a dream of achieving everlasting love you better create your very own life crowned by hobbies, interests and beneficial passions. This makes you a full lover when you enjoy a complete, interesting life on your own. Create a world of your own. On your to-do-list add forgiveness. It is always healthy to forgive while you can, disappointments and sadness is a part of life.
Some people find it hard to forgive their partners especially if they happened to catch them cheating on them. Seek professional help from a marriage and relationship counselor. This is an important move towards search for everlasting love. Most buried resentments are the cause to failed marriages and broken relationships. At one time they resurface and blow the present things out of proportion. To find a smooth sail in your love life you have to learn to forgive and move on with a clean slate. Accept changes when they arrive instead of fighting the reality. In life change is inevitable. At one time you will be loved, dumped, married, you will have children, become sick and die. You should acknowledge the happenings in life and move through them strongly. No matter how settled you might be it is good to know that things can change in an instant.
Always accept the unexpected. Always find Happiness in what you have and be grateful to own what you have. It is a great secret to everlasting love. Despite the greatest fear and uncertainties of the unknown, when the inevitable things happen you will look back on the good old times and wish that you had been more grateful when things were more colorful. To enjoy your love life you should give thanks every moment and learn to appreciate the small problems we experience because unknown to us they can get worse and some time they probably will. To experience how it feels to have everlasting love, create time for each other as lovers. Many people who are unhappy keep on postponing time to be together. People get caught up in the many and demanding daily activities and forget to get time to live for today.
It happens to me and you. There will always be more laundry, more house chores and more errands to be carried out. It is a routine where we retire to bed when we are very exhausted late at night only to awake and follow the same routine again the next day. To live life to the fullest stop at some point and take time for yourself and for each other too. Today might be the only gift you have in life so live like there is no tomorrow. The precious moments we reckon in life are achieved by creating time for them against the much pressure of work. Create such short and fleeting moments everyday to enjoy everlasting love.
Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now, we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来*等的原则。现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由跟奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上**。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。
但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的跟去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业;我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲;我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的**永世长存。
