Assertiveness is the ability to confidently express your opinions,feelings, attitudes, and rights, in a way that doesn?t infringe(侵犯) the rightsof others.
Many of us are taught that it is not nice to consider our own needs abovethose of others. If someone says or does something that we don?t like, we shouldjust be quiet and try to stay away from that person in the future.
Why is Assertiveness important?
If you don?t know how to be assertive, you might experience: Depression -Anger, a sense of being helpless, hopeless, or of having no control over yourlife. oResentment - Anger at others for taking advantage of you. oFrustration -Why did I allow that to happen?
Most people find it easier to be assertive in some situations than inothers. This makes perfect sense. It?s a lot easier to hold your ground with astranger than with someone you love. But the more important the relationship isto you, the more important it is to be assertive. Assertive behavior leads toincreased respect from others!
But before you decide to act assertively, you have to decide if you canlive with the results. Although assertive behavior usually will result in apositive response (积极的回应)，some people might react differently.
How to be effectively(有效地) assertive: oUse "I" statements. Keep the focuson the problem you?re having. "I?d like to be able to tell my stories withoutinterruption." instead of "You?re always interrupting my stories ! "
Use facts, not opinions. "Did you know that shirt has a hole?" instead of"You?re not going out looking like THAT, are you?" oExpress ownership of yourthoughts, feelings, and opinions. "I get angry when he breaks his promises. "instead of "He makes me angry.
Make clear and direct requirements. Don?t invite the person to say no."Will you please?" instead of "Would you mind...?" or "Why don?t you...?" oKeeprepeating your point. Use a low level and pleasant voice. Don?t try to explainyourself.
1. The writer probably agrees that____________.
A. you should consider others? response before you act assertively
B. you should be assertive if you want to get good marks
C. assertiveness is the ability to infringe others? rights
D. assertive behavior will bring you bad feelings
2. The expression "hold yourground" probably means "_________________"
A. reach an agreement
B. insist on your point
C. keep your word
D. keep on fighting
3. Which of the following helps you to be effectively assertive?
A. Explaining yourself in a soft and sweet voice.
B. Expressing ownership of others? thoughts.
C. Making requirements directly and clearly.
D. Using your opinions instead of facts.
一般而言，这类问题被归结为单词量不够。要解决这个问题，是否只有多背单词呢?单词的确需要背，但是需要有技巧地背。中考考试大纲对英语单词的要求是1600字，初中生的英语阅读要求是200，000字，高中生约300，000字。这些阅读材料中涉及的单词都是以考试大纲中的1600字为主，而剩余的，阅读中允许的3%的生词则是在英语约300，000的总单词量中去选取。如果仅仅依靠背诵去解决生词问题，看起来有点不切实际，但总会有一些解决办法。
第一，有些词不需要都看懂
英语中有大量的词总是大写第一个字母的，而他们也大多属于专有名词，表示人名，地名，事件。如Adela、Manchester、NATO.遇到这类词完全可以视若罔闻。
第二，有些单词是乔装过的
学英语的人都知道，英语中有些词通过前面或者后面加一些字母，就会变成另一个词。如，regular--irregular，kind--kindness，前者通过加-ir变成起否定形式，后者通过在后面加-ness，变成了名词。归纳起来，一般说前缀变词义(如肯否定)，后缀变词性。只要记住这个原则，*时在学*是有意识的去检验，积累各种加前后缀的形式，你的单词量将是以倍数增加
第三，有的词是有“前科”的
就阅读这个题型而言，有的.词是在文章中有提示的。英语写作有个潜在的规则，词语若非不得已，不要重复。这是同学们写作时，老是告诉大家的话，而这也是，大家做的阅读材料的作者在上学时，他的老师告诉他的话。秉承这个原则，我们可以在文章的结构*行出找到线索。或是反义词，或是近义词。根据文章的具体情况，同学们不难作出一个比较有针对性的选择。
第四，有些词是你必须会的
这里说的必须会指的是大纲要求的单词(如初中的1600词)，*时做题总是遇到的单词，生活中会经常遇到的单词。这些词是同学们发挥才智，施展所有做题技巧的基础。在学这些单词时，要做到，有方法、有计划、有恒心。这里我提供一个自己觉得不错的方法，单词表上的词分类，单独把不会的列出来，分批背，不用太急，一天5个，一周五天，一天总复*，一天总默写检查。*时总是遇到又不认识的，用一本笔记本把他们都记下来，划入单词表计划。生活中多观察，新闻、公示语、商标都是提高英语词汇的窗口。
阅读题在英语考试中占有很高的分值，所以，在面对生词时掌握一定的方法是必要的，希望以上的四点方法对你有帮助。
The big red American car was much too wide for an English country road. When Jack saw it coming toward him, he stopped his own car at the side if the road to make room for it to past. The American car went slowly past, so close that he could see the driver's face quite clearly.
"Where have I seen that face before ?" he thought, "Wait a minute! I remember now. It was in the newspaper!" He took out the newspaperfromhis bag, turned quickly to the middle page. There was a picture of the face in it. Yes, it bad a large mouth and small ears, and his eyes were behind dark glasses.
"Wanted by the police," read by Jack. "The City Bank will give a lot of money to anyone who helps the police to catch this man. "
"Call the police at once," he said to himself. But a few minutes later, he was sad. "This man was caught this morning," answered the police.
1. In which country did the story happen?
A. It happened in America.
B. It happened in Australia. .
C. It happened in England.
D. The story didn't tell us.
2. Why did Jack stop his car?
A. He wanted to see who the driver was.
B. He didn't want to pass by first.
C. The road was too narrow for the two cars to pass at the same time.
D. Because it was good for an Englishman to stop to let other go.
3. Who was wanted by the police in this passage?
A. Jack.
B. The driver in the American car.
C. Either Jack or the driver.
D. Neither Jack nor the American driver.
4. what did Jack do when he had read the newspaper again?
A. He drove to the City Bank
B. He drove to the police.
C. He made a telephone call.
D. He stopped the American car.
5. Who caught the man with a large mouth and small ears?
A. The police. B. Jack
C. Nobody. D. The American driver
KEY: 1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A
Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started painting when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very good at it. He painted(绘画) many beautiful and interesting pictures, and a lot of people bought his pictures.They said, "This boy is going to be famous when he's a little older, and then we're going to sell these pictures for a lot of money."
Jimmy's pictures were differentfromother people's because he never painted on all of the paper. He painted on half of it, and the other half was always empty.
"That's very clever, " everybody said. "No other painters have ever done that! "
One day somebody asked him, "Please tell me this, Jimmy. Why do you paint on the bottom(底) half of your pictures, but not on the top half? "
"Because I'm small, " Jimmy said, "and my brushes can't reach very high."
根据短文内容回答问题。每空限填一词。(5分)
1.Which country did the boy live in?
He ______ in ______.
2.Was Jimmy good at painting when he was five?
Yes. He ______ well ______ painting then.
3.What did Jimmy do with his pictures?
He ______ his pictures to ______ people.
4.What did somebody ask Jimmy one day?
He asked him ______ he ______ painted on half of his pictures.
5.Why did Jimmy never paint on all of the paper?
______ he wasn't tall ______.
KEY: 1.Lived, Canada 2.did ,in 3.sold, many 4.why, only(always) 5.Because ,enough
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present.On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office，a street urchin was walking around the shining car."Is this your car，Paul?"he asked.
Paul answered，"Yes，my brother gave it to me for Christmas."The boy was surprised."You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you nothing?Boy，I wish…"He hesitated.
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for.He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
"I wish,"the boy went on，"that I could be a brother like that."Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, "Would you like to take a ride in my car?"
"Oh yes，I'd love that."
After a short ride，the boy turned and with his eyes shining，said，"Paul，would you mind driving in front of my house?"
Paul smiled a little.He thought he knew what the boy wanted.He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. "Will you stop where those two steps are? the boy asked.
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
"There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I've been trying to tell you about."
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
注：urchin顽童 hesitate犹豫 neighbour邻居 crippled残疾 cent美分
1.The street urchin was very surprised when ________.
A.Paul received an expensive car
B.Paul told him about the car
C.he saw the shining car
D.he was walking around the car
2.From the story we can see the urchin ________.
A.wished to give his brother a car
B.wanted Paul's brother to give him a car
C.wished he could have a brother like Paul's
D.wished Paul could be a brother like that
3.The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________.
A.to show his neighbours the big car
B.to show he had a rich friend
C.to let his brother ride in the car
D.to tell his brother about his wish
4.We can infer(推断)from the story that ________.
A.Paul couldn't understand the urchin
B.the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C.the urchin wished to have a rich brother
D.the urchin's wish came true in the end
5.The best name of the name story is _________.
A.A Christmas Present
B.A Street Urchin
C.A Brother Like That
D.An Unforgettable Holiday Ride
KEY: 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C
——中考英语阅读 (菁华5篇)
Assertiveness is the ability to confidently express your opinions,feelings, attitudes, and rights, in a way that doesn?t infringe(侵犯) the rightsof others.
Many of us are taught that it is not nice to consider our own needs abovethose of others. If someone says or does something that we don?t like, we shouldjust be quiet and try to stay away from that person in the future.
Why is Assertiveness important?
If you don?t know how to be assertive, you might experience: Depression -Anger, a sense of being helpless, hopeless, or of having no control over yourlife. oResentment - Anger at others for taking advantage of you. oFrustration -Why did I allow that to happen?
Most people find it easier to be assertive in some situations than inothers. This makes perfect sense. It?s a lot easier to hold your ground with astranger than with someone you love. But the more important the relationship isto you, the more important it is to be assertive. Assertive behavior leads toincreased respect from others!
But before you decide to act assertively, you have to decide if you canlive with the results. Although assertive behavior usually will result in apositive response (积极的回应)，some people might react differently.
How to be effectively(有效地) assertive: oUse "I" statements. Keep the focuson the problem you?re having. "I?d like to be able to tell my stories withoutinterruption." instead of "You?re always interrupting my stories ! "
Use facts, not opinions. "Did you know that shirt has a hole?" instead of"You?re not going out looking like THAT, are you?" oExpress ownership of yourthoughts, feelings, and opinions. "I get angry when he breaks his promises. "instead of "He makes me angry.
Make clear and direct requirements. Don?t invite the person to say no."Will you please?" instead of "Would you mind...?" or "Why don?t you...?" oKeeprepeating your point. Use a low level and pleasant voice. Don?t try to explainyourself.
1. The writer probably agrees that____________.
A. you should consider others? response before you act assertively
B. you should be assertive if you want to get good marks
C. assertiveness is the ability to infringe others? rights
D. assertive behavior will bring you bad feelings
2. The expression "hold yourground" probably means "_________________"
A. reach an agreement
B. insist on your point
C. keep your word
D. keep on fighting
3. Which of the following helps you to be effectively assertive?
A. Explaining yourself in a soft and sweet voice.
B. Expressing ownership of others? thoughts.
C. Making requirements directly and clearly.
D. Using your opinions instead of facts.
一般而言，这类问题被归结为单词量不够。要解决这个问题，是否只有多背单词呢?单词的确需要背，但是需要有技巧地背。中考考试大纲对英语单词的要求是1600字，初中生的英语阅读要求是200，000字，高中生约300，000字。这些阅读材料中涉及的单词都是以考试大纲中的1600字为主，而剩余的，阅读中允许的3%的生词则是在英语约300，000的总单词量中去选取。如果仅仅依靠背诵去解决生词问题，看起来有点不切实际，但总会有一些解决办法。
第一，有些词不需要都看懂
英语中有大量的词总是大写第一个字母的，而他们也大多属于专有名词，表示人名，地名，事件。如Adela、Manchester、NATO.遇到这类词完全可以视若罔闻。
第二，有些单词是乔装过的
学英语的人都知道，英语中有些词通过前面或者后面加一些字母，就会变成另一个词。如，regular--irregular，kind--kindness，前者通过加-ir变成起否定形式，后者通过在后面加-ness，变成了名词。归纳起来，一般说前缀变词义(如肯否定)，后缀变词性。只要记住这个原则，*时在学*是有意识的去检验，积累各种加前后缀的形式，你的单词量将是以倍数增加
第三，有的词是有“前科”的
就阅读这个题型而言，有的.词是在文章中有提示的。英语写作有个潜在的规则，词语若非不得已，不要重复。这是同学们写作时，老是告诉大家的话，而这也是，大家做的阅读材料的作者在上学时，他的老师告诉他的话。秉承这个原则，我们可以在文章的结构*行出找到线索。或是反义词，或是近义词。根据文章的具体情况，同学们不难作出一个比较有针对性的选择。
第四，有些词是你必须会的
这里说的必须会指的是大纲要求的单词(如初中的1600词)，*时做题总是遇到的单词，生活中会经常遇到的单词。这些词是同学们发挥才智，施展所有做题技巧的基础。在学这些单词时，要做到，有方法、有计划、有恒心。这里我提供一个自己觉得不错的方法，单词表上的词分类，单独把不会的列出来，分批背，不用太急，一天5个，一周五天，一天总复*，一天总默写检查。*时总是遇到又不认识的，用一本笔记本把他们都记下来，划入单词表计划。生活中多观察，新闻、公示语、商标都是提高英语词汇的窗口。
阅读题在英语考试中占有很高的分值，所以，在面对生词时掌握一定的方法是必要的，希望以上的四点方法对你有帮助。
The big red American car was much too wide for an English country road. When Jack saw it coming toward him, he stopped his own car at the side if the road to make room for it to past. The American car went slowly past, so close that he could see the driver's face quite clearly.
"Where have I seen that face before ?" he thought, "Wait a minute! I remember now. It was in the newspaper!" He took out the newspaperfromhis bag, turned quickly to the middle page. There was a picture of the face in it. Yes, it bad a large mouth and small ears, and his eyes were behind dark glasses.
"Wanted by the police," read by Jack. "The City Bank will give a lot of money to anyone who helps the police to catch this man. "
"Call the police at once," he said to himself. But a few minutes later, he was sad. "This man was caught this morning," answered the police.
1. In which country did the story happen?
A. It happened in America.
B. It happened in Australia. .
C. It happened in England.
D. The story didn't tell us.
2. Why did Jack stop his car?
A. He wanted to see who the driver was.
B. He didn't want to pass by first.
C. The road was too narrow for the two cars to pass at the same time.
D. Because it was good for an Englishman to stop to let other go.
3. Who was wanted by the police in this passage?
A. Jack.
B. The driver in the American car.
C. Either Jack or the driver.
D. Neither Jack nor the American driver.
4. what did Jack do when he had read the newspaper again?
A. He drove to the City Bank
B. He drove to the police.
C. He made a telephone call.
D. He stopped the American car.
5. Who caught the man with a large mouth and small ears?
A. The police. B. Jack
C. Nobody. D. The American driver
KEY: 1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A
Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started painting when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very good at it. He painted(绘画) many beautiful and interesting pictures, and a lot of people bought his pictures.They said, "This boy is going to be famous when he's a little older, and then we're going to sell these pictures for a lot of money."
Jimmy's pictures were differentfromother people's because he never painted on all of the paper. He painted on half of it, and the other half was always empty.
"That's very clever, " everybody said. "No other painters have ever done that! "
One day somebody asked him, "Please tell me this, Jimmy. Why do you paint on the bottom(底) half of your pictures, but not on the top half? "
"Because I'm small, " Jimmy said, "and my brushes can't reach very high."
根据短文内容回答问题。每空限填一词。(5分)
1.Which country did the boy live in?
He ______ in ______.
2.Was Jimmy good at painting when he was five?
Yes. He ______ well ______ painting then.
3.What did Jimmy do with his pictures?
He ______ his pictures to ______ people.
4.What did somebody ask Jimmy one day?
He asked him ______ he ______ painted on half of his pictures.
5.Why did Jimmy never paint on all of the paper?
______ he wasn't tall ______.
KEY: 1.Lived, Canada 2.did ,in 3.sold, many 4.why, only(always) 5.Because ,enough
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present.On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office，a street urchin was walking around the shining car."Is this your car，Paul?"he asked.
Paul answered，"Yes，my brother gave it to me for Christmas."The boy was surprised."You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you nothing?Boy，I wish…"He hesitated.
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for.He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
"I wish,"the boy went on，"that I could be a brother like that."Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, "Would you like to take a ride in my car?"
"Oh yes，I'd love that."
After a short ride，the boy turned and with his eyes shining，said，"Paul，would you mind driving in front of my house?"
Paul smiled a little.He thought he knew what the boy wanted.He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. "Will you stop where those two steps are? the boy asked.
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
"There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I've been trying to tell you about."
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
注：urchin顽童 hesitate犹豫 neighbour邻居 crippled残疾 cent美分
1.The street urchin was very surprised when ________.
A.Paul received an expensive car
B.Paul told him about the car
C.he saw the shining car
D.he was walking around the car
2.From the story we can see the urchin ________.
A.wished to give his brother a car
B.wanted Paul's brother to give him a car
C.wished he could have a brother like Paul's
D.wished Paul could be a brother like that
3.The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________.
A.to show his neighbours the big car
B.to show he had a rich friend
C.to let his brother ride in the car
D.to tell his brother about his wish
4.We can infer(推断)from the story that ________.
A.Paul couldn't understand the urchin
B.the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C.the urchin wished to have a rich brother
D.the urchin's wish came true in the end
5.The best name of the name story is _________.
A.A Christmas Present
B.A Street Urchin
C.A Brother Like That
D.An Unforgettable Holiday Ride
KEY: 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C
——中考英语阅读理解6篇
阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上(上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上)所谓阅读能力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。
阅读理解考查的项目大多是根据这三种能力的要求设计的。下面，我们来看看中考阅读理解的题型。
中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗*惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在*时对各方面的知识都有所积累，迎合中考命题趋势。
阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要了解文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题、文章的背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的`寓意等。
从问题设置上可以将问题总结为四种类型：
(一)直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
(二)理解性问题：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
(三)推理性题目：这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、倾向等因素加以推理，才能获得正确答案。
(四)概括性题目：要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 许纪霖教授晒法国高考题叹*只能盛产应试者美国研究生推荐信中的高频词汇小结美国留学：GRE新题型更注重语言运用能力澳洲留学：堪京学生数字技术能力全澳最优印度教育部将加强学生英语说听能力雅思作文秘籍满分作文方法四则雅思写作预测：大作文开头部分的模板雅思写作高分模板：满分作文最新法则四条20xx雅思写作机经雅思讨论文基本写作原理解析:留学须具备五种能力 中考英语语法:20xx中考英语必看内容-阅读理解
最后，我们来谈谈解决的办法。
为了提高阅读理解能力，大家在做阅读理解时，就要在以下几个方面下功夫：
(一)要注意养成良好的阅读心理阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。
(二)要提高视读的速度考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。20xx年上海英语中考阅读理解文章每篇均达到400词左右。慢读是不行的。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的*惯。阅读时眼球总是不断地移动——停顿——移动着。理解是在眼停的瞬间进行的。我们要使眼停的时间相对增加，就要扩大视读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读，并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑，形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 许纪霖教授晒法国高考题叹*只能盛产应试者美国研究生推荐信中的高频词汇小结美国留学：GRE新题型更注重语言运用能力澳洲留学：堪京学生数字技术能力全澳最优印度教育部将加强学生英语说听能力雅思作文秘籍满分作文方法四则雅思写作预测：大作文开头部分的模板雅思写作高分模板：满分作文最新法则四条20xx雅思写作机经雅思讨论文基本写作原理解析:留学须具备五种能力 中考英语语法:20xx中考英语必看内容-阅读理解
(三)阅读时要注意培养语感所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下，积累了多少单词，惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。
(四)读完一篇文章后，要回味一番对文章的段落结构，中心思想，人物事件，论点论据要做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再看几次。要留心关键词句，注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持词不离句，句不离篇，要理解文章作者的原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。
如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的人物，事件，时间，地点，原因(即五个W，who，what，when，where，why)划出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。
一、养成良好阅读心态
阅读时过于紧张、思想开小差等消极因素会妨碍大脑的正常思维，而保持心绪安定，精神专一等良好的阅读*惯则能大大提高大脑的思维。良好的阅读*惯来自于良好的阅读心态。因此，从现在开始，注意在*时的阅读理解训练中保持一种好的阅读心态，精力应集中，心态要*和，在碰到生词难句时不能心烦意乱，要保持一种良好的心绪，这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，思想深刻，才能更好地把握住文章的脉络。
二、注重提高阅读的速度
中考英语阅读理解共由4篇文章组成，从某种程度上说，阅读理解考的也是阅读速度，要学会快速浏览，能快速找出文章的关键词句和主旨。因此要注重培养自己快速阅读的*惯，扩大眼睛阅读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一种较快速度的线式阅读;在碰到生词或难懂的句子时不能浪费时间，可以先行越过，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测、推断。
三、注意阅读技巧训练
可以通过反复精做一篇阅读，直到全对，不断总结、调整和强化获取表层信息及内在信息或猜测、推理、判断、概括的能力;还要善于找关键句，在很多文章里第一段和每段的第一句往往是关键句，可以帮助同学们理解整个文章的主题或某一段的概括。在阅读中，要注意抓住中心思想(Main idea)，以及文中出现的who、where、when、what及why等关键词。
四、要坚持每天阅读
每天读两至三篇题材各样的小短文。要多练*富有代表性、典型性的体裁和题材的阅读文章，如记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文，幽默故事、新闻广告、文体娱乐、科普常识、文化*俗，多关注社会热点、新闻时事和身边的话题。将坚持阅读的*惯保持到考前的最后一天。
五、可采取限时阅读的方法
采用限时阅读，即在一定时间内读完文章及做完相关的*题。同学们对于不同的`阅读材料，要采用不同的阅读方法以及阅读的速度。着重培养对阅读材料进行分析、推理和判断的能力以及对阅读内容给予评价的能力。
一、养成良好阅读心态
阅读时过于紧张、思想开小差等消极因素会妨碍大脑的正常思维，而保持心绪安定，精神专一等良好的阅读*惯则能大大提高大脑的思维。良好的阅读*惯来自于良好的阅读心态。因此，从现在开始，注意在*时的阅读理解训练中保持一种好的阅读心态，精力应集中，心态要*和，在碰到生词难句时不能心烦意乱，要保持一种良好的心绪，这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，思想深刻，才能更好地把握住文章的脉络。
二、注重提高阅读的速度
中考英语阅读理解共由4篇文章组成，从某种程度上说，阅读理解考的也是阅读速度，要学会快速浏览，能快速找出文章的关键词句和主旨。因此要注重培养自己快速阅读的*惯，扩大眼睛阅读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一种较快速度的线式阅读;在碰到生词或难懂的句子时不能浪费时间，可以先行越过，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测、推断。
三、注意阅读技巧训练
可以通过反复精做一篇阅读，直到全对，不断总结、调整和强化获取表层信息及内在信息或猜测、推理、判断、概括的能力;还要善于找关键句，在很多文章里第一段和每段的第一句往往是关键句，可以帮助同学们理解整个文章的主题或某一段的概括。在阅读中，要注意抓住中心思想(Main idea)，以及文中出现的who、where、when、what及why等关键词。
四、要坚持每天阅读
每天读两至三篇题材各样的小短文。要多练*富有代表性、典型性的体裁和题材的阅读文章，如记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文，幽默故事、新闻广告、文体娱乐、科普常识、文化*俗，多关注社会热点、新闻时事和身边的话题。将坚持阅读的*惯保持到考前的最后一天。
五、可采取限时阅读的方法
采用限时阅读，即在一定时间内读完文章及做完相关的*题。同学们对于不同的阅读材料，要采用不同的阅读方法以及阅读的'速度。着重培养对阅读材料进行分析、推理和判断的能力以及对阅读内容给予评价的能力。
1.保持良好的精神状态。良好的精神状态对于考场上的考生来说非常重要。因为只有在心理放松的情况下，考生的精力才能够集中，思维才会敏捷，从而才能将自己的真实水*发挥出来。
2.抓住中心句。阅读短文之前，先看短文是否有标题。若有，应给予高度重视。因为标题是文章主题的高度凝聚，它能给我们启发和想象，有利于加深对短文的理解，从而提高做题效率。另外，在没有标题的情况下，应充分重视短文的首、尾句。因为大多数文章都是按照“总---分---总”的结构布局的。据统计，英语中有60%-90%的主题句位于段首和段尾，短文的其他文字往往是对这些中心句的解释和说明。
3.克服不良*惯，提高阅读速度。由于考试的时间有限，在保证不出偏差的前提下，一定要尽可能地提高阅读速度。倘若能注意克服以下不良*惯，就可以大大提高阅读速度：①心读。考场上不能出声阅读，于是有的考生就在心里读，有时考生的嘴唇也在动。这是非常不好的*惯，一定要下决心克服。因为这样做会直接制约着阅读速度的提高;②回视(指重新阅读上文)。阅读中的回视是一种无效劳动，所以应一口气把文章读完，尽量不要回视。这坏*惯是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在*时的学*中就应当引起注意并加以克服;③一个词一个词地看。阅读时，视线应从左向右跳跃式移动，着重扫描意群，同时注意意群中的重要单词，以寻求主要的语言信息。可将冠词、系动词、助动词及不定式符号等小品词一扫而过，不可一词不漏地全部都看一遍;④只读不记。正确的做法是：一边阅读一边用笔记下或标出那些与文后所设问题有关的信息。这样，在做题时就用不着重新查阅短文，至少不用一句一句地再寻找那些隐约有印象的信息，从而可以节省一些时间。
4.判断要有依据，推理要顺乎作者的意图。对于推理性或评价性之类的阅读理解题目，在材料中一般是找不到现成答案的，必须通读全篇，对所获信息加以筛选、提炼、推断，对作者的思想倾向，对文中提及的人物或事件可能产生的结局等，加以综合考虑才能得出正确结论。对这种题，不能以偏概全，不能“只见树木，不见森林”，不能以个人的想法代替作者的意图。
中考英语"阅读理解"题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。很多同学在做题时常常有一种"读得懂做不对"的感觉。在*日举行的省会英语老师座谈会上，记者采访了部分老师就中考阅读理解题进行了指导。
首先，中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗*惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在*时对各方面的知识都有所积累，迎合中考命题趋势。
其次，阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要了解文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题、文章的背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。
第三，从问题设置上可以将问题总结为四种类型：
(一)直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
(二)理解性问题：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
(三)推理性题目：这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、倾向等因素加以推理，才能获得正确答案。
(四)概括性题目：要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。
1.先读题时只能是读其问题或题干，而不能读问题后的选项，否则不仅浪费时间，而且也无法记住众多答案所表达的众多信息。
——中考英语写作 (菁华5篇)
When we go to school, we are taught that life is not always going well, we will meet all kinds of difficulties. Everyone hears the words, but when they meet difficulties, it is hard for them to be OK with it, they feel the life is hopeless, just as hearing is easy, while taking action is another thing.
当我们上学的时候，我们就被教育生活并不总是一帆风顺，我们会遇见各种各样的困难。每个人都听过这些话，但是当遇到困难时，对于他们来说是很难接受的，觉得生活无望，就如说起来是一回事，做起来是另一回事。
Once a famous business person said that the one who faced the failure and stood up, he or she will be successful. I absolutely believe it, we are in front of so many accidents, we need to face the setback and learn from it, every setback is a test for us, only the one who passes the test can succeed.
曾经一位出名的生意人说，谁面对困难，振作起来，他或她就能成功。我深信此话，我们面对很多的意外，需要面对挫折，从中学会东西，每一次的`挫折就是一次考验，只有通过考验的人能成功。
Such as when we feel it hard to study, then give up, how can we make progress. Life teaches us lesson every minute, the adverse situation is a good chance to upgrade ourselves.
比如我们感到学*困难时，就放弃，怎么能进步呢。生活时时刻刻都在教会我们东西，困境是升级自身的好机会。
题目：请以“Changes in Shanghai"为题，写一篇不少于60单词的作文。
Changes in Shanghai
1 300年前的上海
2 上海的'今天(东方明珠、金茂大厦)
3 上海的明天(2010年的世博会)
参考作文
Shanghai was a small town three hundred years ago. There were only a few thousand people living here. Many of them were fishermen and farmers.
300年前，上海只是个小镇，只有几千人居住在这里，其中很多人是渔民和农民。
Today, Shanghai is becoming an international city. Many tall building have been built. Some bridges have been put up over the Huangpu River. More and more foreigners come to Shanghai for a visit every day.
今天，上海已变成一座国际大都市，并建成了很多高楼大厦。黄浦江上架起了很多桥梁。每天都有越来越多的外国人前来旅游。
Shanghai has already won the bid for holding the World Expo 2010. I think the environment will be better and better and the city will be more and more beautiful.
上海已经取得了2010年世博会的举办权，我相信上海的环境会越来越好，并且越来越美丽。
点评：虽然2010年世博会已经结束，但关于城市发展的话题依然热烈，除了上海，像广州、北京、深圳等大城市也有可能是考试的热点。
题目：请根据以下提示写一篇文章，不少于60单词。
Growing Pains and Gains
1 一个戴深度*视眼镜的女孩面对一大堆的作业。
2 一个小女孩在弹钢琴，母亲站在旁边拿着尺。
3 小女孩和许多人在开生日晚会，脸上露出微笑。
4 小女孩孜孜不倦地在看书。
参考作文
I think I have a happy life, though I cannot do the things I like. For example, I like reading different books in my spare time, especially some detective stories. But my mum always asks me to practise playing the piano one hour every day. That's boring.
我觉得自己生活得很快乐，虽然我不能做自己喜欢的事情。比如说我喜欢在课外阅读不同的书籍，尤其是侦探类故事。但我妈妈总是让我每天练*一小时钢琴。这很无趣。
I like having parties with my friends during the holidays. But I have to do lots of homeworks. Teachers always give us more homework when we have holidays. That's my growing pains and gains.
我喜欢在节假日和朋友聚会，但我总是有做不完的作业。我们老师总是在节假日来临的时候布置很多作业。这是我成长中的代价和收获。
题目：请根据以下提示写一篇不少于60单词的文章。
An Accident
1 四个孩子刚出校门回家
2 一卡车经过，车速较快，掉下几只西瓜
3 一骑车人倒下，身边有血
4 孩子们有的打110，有的打120，有的保护现场
5 他们向警察陈述经过，救护车把伤者送医院
参考作文
Last Thursday afternoon, four students were on their way back home.
上周四下午，四个学生正在他们放学回家的路上。
Suddenly they saw a truck coming round the corner at a high speed and some watermelons fell off. At the same time, a middle-aged man on a bicycle fell to the ground. Blood came from his body.
突然，他们看到一辆卡车从拐角处快速地开过来，几个西瓜从上面掉下来。同时，一个骑车的中年男子摔倒在地，身上流血。
One of them called the policeman, one dailed 120. And the others were taking care of the cyclist. Soon the police came and they reported what they had seen and an ambulance took the cyclist to the hospital soon.
他们当中其中一人拨打电话报警，另外一人打120，剩下的两人则照顾伤者。不一会儿，警察来了，他们向警察报告了事情的经过，然后救护车把伤者送进了医院。
题目：请根据以下提示写一篇文章，不少于60单词。
Growing Pains and Gains
1 一个戴深度*视眼镜的女孩面对一大堆的作业。
2 一个小女孩在弹钢琴，母亲站在旁边拿着尺。
3 小女孩和许多人在开生日晚会，脸上露出微笑。
4 小女孩孜孜不倦地在看书。
参考作文
I think I have a happy life, though I cannot do the things I like. For example, I like reading different books in my spare time, especially some detective stories. But my mum always asks me to practise playing the piano one hour every day. That's boring.
我觉得自己生活得很快乐，虽然我不能做自己喜欢的事情。比如说我喜欢在课外阅读不同的书籍，尤其是侦探类故事。但我妈妈总是让我每天练*一小时钢琴。这很无趣。
I like having parties with my friends during the holidays. But I have to do lots of homeworks. Teachers always give us more homework when we have holidays. That's my growing pains and gains.
——中考英语写作 (菁华5篇)
When we go to school, we are taught that life is not always going well, we will meet all kinds of difficulties. Everyone hears the words, but when they meet difficulties, it is hard for them to be OK with it, they feel the life is hopeless, just as hearing is easy, while taking action is another thing.
当我们上学的时候，我们就被教育生活并不总是一帆风顺，我们会遇见各种各样的困难。每个人都听过这些话，但是当遇到困难时，对于他们来说是很难接受的，觉得生活无望，就如说起来是一回事，做起来是另一回事。
Once a famous business person said that the one who faced the failure and stood up, he or she will be successful. I absolutely believe it, we are in front of so many accidents, we need to face the setback and learn from it, every setback is a test for us, only the one who passes the test can succeed.
曾经一位出名的生意人说，谁面对困难，振作起来，他或她就能成功。我深信此话，我们面对很多的意外，需要面对挫折，从中学会东西，每一次的`挫折就是一次考验，只有通过考验的人能成功。
Such as when we feel it hard to study, then give up, how can we make progress. Life teaches us lesson every minute, the adverse situation is a good chance to upgrade ourselves.
比如我们感到学*困难时，就放弃，怎么能进步呢。生活时时刻刻都在教会我们东西，困境是升级自身的好机会。
题目：请以“Changes in Shanghai"为题，写一篇不少于60单词的作文。
Changes in Shanghai
1 300年前的上海
2 上海的'今天(东方明珠、金茂大厦)
3 上海的明天(2010年的世博会)
参考作文
Shanghai was a small town three hundred years ago. There were only a few thousand people living here. Many of them were fishermen and farmers.
300年前，上海只是个小镇，只有几千人居住在这里，其中很多人是渔民和农民。
Today, Shanghai is becoming an international city. Many tall building have been built. Some bridges have been put up over the Huangpu River. More and more foreigners come to Shanghai for a visit every day.
今天，上海已变成一座国际大都市，并建成了很多高楼大厦。黄浦江上架起了很多桥梁。每天都有越来越多的外国人前来旅游。
Shanghai has already won the bid for holding the World Expo 2010. I think the environment will be better and better and the city will be more and more beautiful.
上海已经取得了2010年世博会的举办权，我相信上海的环境会越来越好，并且越来越美丽。
点评：虽然2010年世博会已经结束，但关于城市发展的话题依然热烈，除了上海，像广州、北京、深圳等大城市也有可能是考试的热点。
题目：请根据以下提示写一篇文章，不少于60单词。
Growing Pains and Gains
1 一个戴深度*视眼镜的女孩面对一大堆的作业。
2 一个小女孩在弹钢琴，母亲站在旁边拿着尺。
3 小女孩和许多人在开生日晚会，脸上露出微笑。
4 小女孩孜孜不倦地在看书。
参考作文
I think I have a happy life, though I cannot do the things I like. For example, I like reading different books in my spare time, especially some detective stories. But my mum always asks me to practise playing the piano one hour every day. That's boring.
我觉得自己生活得很快乐，虽然我不能做自己喜欢的事情。比如说我喜欢在课外阅读不同的书籍，尤其是侦探类故事。但我妈妈总是让我每天练*一小时钢琴。这很无趣。
I like having parties with my friends during the holidays. But I have to do lots of homeworks. Teachers always give us more homework when we have holidays. That's my growing pains and gains.
我喜欢在节假日和朋友聚会，但我总是有做不完的作业。我们老师总是在节假日来临的时候布置很多作业。这是我成长中的代价和收获。
题目：请根据以下提示写一篇不少于60单词的文章。
An Accident
1 四个孩子刚出校门回家
2 一卡车经过，车速较快，掉下几只西瓜
3 一骑车人倒下，身边有血
4 孩子们有的打110，有的打120，有的保护现场
5 他们向警察陈述经过，救护车把伤者送医院
参考作文
Last Thursday afternoon, four students were on their way back home.
上周四下午，四个学生正在他们放学回家的路上。
Suddenly they saw a truck coming round the corner at a high speed and some watermelons fell off. At the same time, a middle-aged man on a bicycle fell to the ground. Blood came from his body.
突然，他们看到一辆卡车从拐角处快速地开过来，几个西瓜从上面掉下来。同时，一个骑车的中年男子摔倒在地，身上流血。
One of them called the policeman, one dailed 120. And the others were taking care of the cyclist. Soon the police came and they reported what they had seen and an ambulance took the cyclist to the hospital soon.
他们当中其中一人拨打电话报警，另外一人打120，剩下的两人则照顾伤者。不一会儿，警察来了，他们向警察报告了事情的经过，然后救护车把伤者送进了医院。
题目：请根据以下提示写一篇文章，不少于60单词。
Growing Pains and Gains
1 一个戴深度*视眼镜的女孩面对一大堆的作业。
2 一个小女孩在弹钢琴，母亲站在旁边拿着尺。
3 小女孩和许多人在开生日晚会，脸上露出微笑。
4 小女孩孜孜不倦地在看书。
参考作文
I think I have a happy life, though I cannot do the things I like. For example, I like reading different books in my spare time, especially some detective stories. But my mum always asks me to practise playing the piano one hour every day. That's boring.
我觉得自己生活得很快乐，虽然我不能做自己喜欢的事情。比如说我喜欢在课外阅读不同的书籍，尤其是侦探类故事。但我妈妈总是让我每天练*一小时钢琴。这很无趣。
I like having parties with my friends during the holidays. But I have to do lots of homeworks. Teachers always give us more homework when we have holidays. That's my growing pains and gains.
——中考语文阅读答题 (菁华5篇)
学生们在享受学期的同时，也要面对一件重要的事情那就是学*。
(一)常见加点词语品析
答题格式：A。回答可以还是不可以(一般情况不可以，特别是书上的原文时);
B。比较删去前后意义上的差别(删去某词后句子的意思是……，有这个词句子的意思是……);
C。删去后语境有何变化(选用：①体现语言的准确、严密、生动;②与事实不符;③太绝对了;④是作者的一种猜测)
加点词类型：
1、表推测，说明结论或说明对象的特点、某方面的作用不确定，体现了说明文语言的准确、严谨。
2、从时间上限制，说明结论或说明对象的特点、某方面的作用在一定的时间段成立，在别的时间段不一定也是如此，在体现了说明文语言的准确、严谨
3、从范围上限制，说明结论或说明对象的特点、某方面的作用在某一范围内成立，在别的范围不一定如此，体现了说明文语言的准确、严谨
4、表信息来源，说明结论或说明对象的特点、某方面的作用是根据某一方面的信息总结得出的，在其他方面不一定也成立，体现了说明文语言的准确严。
5、表约数，说明数量无法确切获得，是估计得出的，体现说明文语言的准确严谨。
6、表程度，表明说明对象的作用大小(比如处于首位)
(二)筛选题：从文中确定关键词或中心句作答
(三)选择题：一定将每个选项涉及的内容都还原到文中去，不凭印象作答
(四)分析句子在文中的作用
答题格式：此句用何种方法表明了此句的说明对象的何种特征(说明文常用方法：举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、引名言等);此句用何种论证方法表明了何种论点或观点，对中心论点起到了何种作用，在文中起到了总结，总起，过渡、强调，使形象、通俗易懂等作用(议论文)。
中考语文议论文阅读答题技巧
一、选文（1）（2）段顺序能否对调？请说明理由
这一试题有两种答法：（1）不能。因为这几段和第X段的XX几句是一一对应关系。
（2）不能。因为这几段存在着逻辑顺序或时间上的先后关系。
（或不符合人们的认知*惯）
二、问议论文开头第一段的作用？
（1）作为文章的理论论据。（2）引出论点或论题。（3）增强文章的趣味性，激发读者的阅读兴趣。
三、请你简析XX段的论证过程？
（1）先（正反两方面）举出XX事例或者道理论据，然后得出什么结论（或证明什么观点）分、总。
（2）首先提出什么观点，接着用XX事例（从正反两方面）或者道理论据进行论证，最后得出XX结论（或说明了XX的道理）总、分、总。
四、文段中用了什么论证方法？有何作用？
（1）论证方法：道理论证（引证法）﹑举例论证（例证法）﹑比喻论证（喻证法）﹑对比论证。这是初中常用的四种论证方法。以后还可学到归谬法和类比法。
（2）论证方法的作用：
道理论证：通过引用X的话，充分有力证明Y观点、增强文章的说服力。
举例论证：通过举X的例子，具体有力的证明Y观点、从而使论证更具体更有说服力（或增强文章的趣味性，吸引读者）。
比喻论证：把X比作Y，形象生动、通俗易懂的证明Z观点、从而把抽象深奥的道理阐述的生动形象，浅显易懂。
对比论证：通过X与Y对比，鲜明、有力的证明Z观点、使论证更有说服力，增强文章的趣味。
中考语文现代文阅读难点点拨
1、重点词语的语境义。重点词语包括文中出现频率较高的词语、成语和指示代词。不管是词语还是成语，要回答的都是在本文语境下的基本含义。考生要查找上下文相关信息字样，结合作者想要表达的思想感情来答出比喻义、引申义或深刻义。一般来说代词“这”的答案肯定到前面去找，“那”或者“其”的答案要参看前后句子的具体语境来作答。
2、重要句子的语境义。重要句子包括难句、修辞句、过渡句、呼应句、哲理句、总结性语句。难句答题时需结合作者所要表达的思想感情，可分成“由表及里的语境义”、“语言表达的表现点”、“思想层面的深刻义”、“作者言外之意的潜台词”等几个层面来答。修辞句要关注修辞的比喻和对比（衬托），解释比喻的本体、喻体和相似点，以及该比喻句蕴涵的思想感情，考生可再答上“生动、形象使读者容易理解，增强了感染力，能引起共鸣。”过渡句在结构上的作用或是承上或是启下，或是承上启下，主要是为了诠释前面的内容或者结构上的照应。过渡句都是前呼后应，一般找到应句后还要答出呼应的作用，尤其是佐证的具体内容。哲理句包括两种，一种是引用名人名言佐证自己观点或引出问题，考生要答出作者引用的目的；一种是作者自己写出来的，这往往是文章的中心和闪光点，考生要认真体味，领会其内涵。
3、题目的作用或含义，以此为题的妙处。考生一般只要答出文章主要描写对象，也可能是线索，或答出具体特征就基本到位了。但有时必须答出题目的深刻义、象征义，才有望得满分。
4、整体感悟。整体感悟就是筛选和整合信息的过程，是咀嚼总结性语句、整体把握文意的基本方法。黄老师建议考生拿到一篇文章时，先读题目和首、尾段，弄清楚作者在说什么，然后对照文章（段）后的考题再读每段的首、尾句，即抓总结性语句，弄清每段的内容。
5、主观开放题，主观开放题有“谈对文中某个观点的看法”、“仿照例句”、“写思想教育意义读后感”、“谈写做特色借鉴”、“扩写”等。考生答此类题，不管是同意还是反对都必须写出充足的理由，字数不能太少，可采用多种修辞手法，使答案丰满。
一、【中考考点】：说明文的类型
1、【知识要点】：
（1）从说明对象的角度划分：
①事物说明文：说明文的说明对象为具体事物的说明文；
②事理说明文：说明文的说明对象为抽象事理的说明文。
2、【常见题型】：
①请说出本文的说明对象是什么？
②本文的说明文类型是什么？
二、【中考考点】：说明文的说明顺序
1、【知识要点】：时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序
（1）时间顺序的语言标志是表时间的词语，是说明事物发展、演变如：历史顺序、年代顺序、四季交替顺序、早晚（先后）顺序、程序顺序。
（2）空间顺序的的语言标志是表方位的词，如：从上到下，从里到外，外到内，前到后，左到右，远到*等等，都可相反来。
（3）逻辑顺序是以思维的规律为序，如：、主—次、浅入深、原因—结果、现象—本质、特征—用途、一般—个别、概括—具体、整体—局部。
2、【常见题型】：①本文使用了什么说明顺序？有何作用？
【答题格式】：本文使用了的说明顺序对加以说明，使说明更有条理性。
（第一空应该填具体的说明顺序，第二空应该填写具体的事物名称或说明的事理。如果是事理性说明文，但又不能准确表述可用“事理”、“科学事理”等模糊性的语言表述。）
②、选文的A段和B段能够调换顺序？为什么？
【答题格式】：不能调换：原文采用由到的顺序介绍事物，调换后不合逻辑。
三、【中考考点】：说明文的说明结构
1、【知识要点】：说明文的结构常见的形式有：“总——分”式（或由总到分，或由分到总，或总分总）、并列式、递进式等。
2、【常见题型】：本文的说明结构属于结构。
【答题技巧】：分析文章结构，抓中心句及连接词，如“首先”“其次”“还”“也”“此外”等词语。
四、【中考考点】：说明文的说明方法
1、【知识要点】：
①常见的说明方法有：举例子、分类别、下定义、打比方、列数字、作比较。
②不常用的有：摹状貌、作诠释、列图表、引用说明。
2、【常见题型】：
①选文中画线句子运用了哪种说明方法？有什么作用？
【举例子】通过列举具体的实例，真实、准确地说明了事物的特征，使说明更具体，更有说服力。
【列数字】运用真实、具体而准确地数字，科学、具体、准确地说明该事物的特点。使说明更有说服力，令读者信服。
【作比较】将和加以比较，突出强调了被说明对象的特点。
【打比方】将比作，生动形象地说明该事物的特点，增强了文章的趣味性。
【分类别】条理清晰地说明了事物的特点（或是种类），使说明更有条理性。
【下定义】用简明科学的语言，科学、准确的揭示事物的本质特征。
【作诠释】对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。
【区别】：下定义要求完整，即定义的对象与所下定义的外延要相等。并且要从一个方面完整地揭示概念的全部内涵；作诠释并不要求完整，只要揭示概念的一部分内涵就可以了，并且解释的对象与做出的解释外延也可以不相等。作诠释的语言虽不像下定义那样要求严格，但也须简明、准确、通俗易懂。
【摹状貌】对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体生动形象。
【画图表】运用直观的示意图和表格等形式对事物的特征（事理）加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。
【作引用】能使说明的内容更具体、更充实。用引用的方法说明事物的特征，增强说服力。
A、引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）
B、引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）
C、引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。
D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。
（引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）
②选文中画线句子运用了哪些说明方法？有什么作用？请分别回答。
【答题技巧】：由题中的“哪些”可以看出画线句的说明方法应该是在两种或两种以上，具体可以结合题的分值进行初步的判断；“分别”是要求针对每一种说明方法都要进行分析作用。
③选文中画线句子主要运用了哪种说明方法？有什么作用？
【答题技巧】：由题中的“主要”我们可以看出画线句的说明方法应该是在两种或两种以上，但要判断其最主要的一种加以分析。
五、【中考考点】：说明文的语言特点
1、【知识要点】
①说明文最基本的语言特点为：准确、严密
②在准确严密的基础上:
A：生动、形象（运用比喻、拟人等修辞方法）
B：简明*实（运用科学术语、大量真实准确的数据）
2、【常见题型】：
①选文中加点词语有何作用？
【题型分析】：本题应该抓住说明文语言准确严密这一基本特点答题。
【答题格式】：真实准确（或生动形象）地说明了事物的特征（或事理）。
②选文中加点的词语能否替换为另一个词语？并说明理由。
一、把握论点。
阅读议论文，最关键的是要找出文章的中心论点。大多数文章，标题只是提出了一个论题，中心论点隐含在文章的论述中。有的文章，标题就是中心论点。那么，作为论点的标题，一般是个表判断、表肯定的句子或短语。也有的文章，在开头提出中心论点。还有的文章，在行文当中或篇末提出中心论点……
二、弄清论据。
阅读议论文，在抓住论点之后，还要弄清楚文中是用哪些论据来证明论点的。论据一般分为事实论据和道理论据两种。事实论据包括事例、史实、统计数字等。事实必须确凿可靠，有代表性。道理论据包括革命导师的正确论述和自然科学的原理、定律、公式等。此外，正确反映自然规律和人类生活经验的名人名言、谚语、格言等，也属于道理论据。
三、搞清论证方法及论证方式。
搞清论证方法，才能更好地把握、理解中心论点。要搞清论证方法，首先要了解常用的论证方法。经常使用的论证方法有：举例论证、道理论证、对比论证、比喻论证等。其次，还要明确议论文的两种论证方式，即立论和驳论。立论就是针对事物或问题直接阐明自己的见解和主张;驳论就是通过反对错误或FD观点，从而树立起自己的正确观点。在驳论文中，用到的论证方法还有“以子之矛攻子之盾”及归谬法等。
四、理清议论文的结构。
阅读议论文，必须理清议论文的结构。议论文的结构一般分为提出问题、分析问题、解决问题三个部分，也就是引论、本论和结论。议论文的常见结构形式有：并列式，段落层次间是*行并列的关系;层进式，各部分之间是层进关系，即层层深入，步步推进;总分式，论证的层次间是总论和分论的关系，或先总后分，或先分后总，或总分总。驳论文的一般结构方式是：摆出错误论点、分析错误论点的实质及危害、得出正确的观点。
五、了解议论文的语言特点。
由于议论文是最贴*现实生活的一种文体，因而它的语言往往有鲜明的个性，或针砭时弊入木三分，或剖析事理一针见血，或讽刺社会不良风气毫不留情。除了严密的逻辑性外，遣词造句也是颇费心机的，我们在阅读时要细心体会。
【考点透视】
议论文的一般考点有：(1)语言的积累与运用;(2)寻找论点，弄清论点与论题的区别;(3)辨识理解论证方法;(4)理清议论结构;(5)把握文意、层意、段意;(6)理解论据选择的技巧;(7)品析揣摩关键词语、重点句子含义及其表达作用;(8)体会议论语言的准确性、严密性特点;(9)理解中心句、支撑句及二者之间的关系;(10)联系生活体验，理解作者的观点及写作意图;(11)为观点寻找或补充论据;(12)立论与驳论的区别等。
1． 文章体裁
诗歌、小说、散文(抒情散文、叙事散文)、剧本、说明文、议论文
2． 记叙文六要素
时间、地点、人物、事件起因、经过、结果
3． 找主题句
找首段或尾段的议论抒情句。
4． 文章内容
方法：看题目、人物（事物）、事件，进行综合、概括。
答：此文记叙了（描写了、说明了）……,表现了(赞美了、揭示了)……。
5． 材料组织特点
紧紧围绕中心选取典型事件，剪裁得体，详略得当。
6． 划分层次
（1） 按时间划分（找表示时间的短语）
（2） 按地点划分（找表示地点的短语）
（3） 按事情发展过程（找各个事件）
（4） 总分总（掐头去尾）
7． 记叙线索及作用
线索：（1）核心人物（2）核心事物(3)核心事件（4）时间（5）地点（6） 议论文阅读技巧
㈠论点（证明什么）
论点应该是明确的判断，是 ③联系全文的结构，是否有总结。
——中考英语阅读理解解题技巧汇总五篇
【中考英语阅读理解解题技巧】
第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。
第二、忌不带问题阅读。要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。
第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。
第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用;同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。
第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。
第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求;如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。
第七，忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。
第八，良好的阅读*惯。这个要靠*时的培养。克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等;避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度;不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。
【猜词的技巧】
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的'意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等; 后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等; 后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词;如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci- ence、scientist，art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句**能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活*性。
此类题的关键是要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断，而是原文给出的细节信息，所以原文语句不能选。判断时对已知的事实仔细评价后做出的合理决定并非唯一决定，要对事实进行合乎情理的判断，有时还需借助常识进行判断。
推理判断题分两种，即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / im*** / learn from this passage that ……等进行提问。解决此类题要注意，一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。
一、中考阅读理解考查的主要内容
1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。
此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：
(1) Which is the best title of the passage?
(2) Which of the following is this passage about?
(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.
(4) The passage tells us that______.
(5) This passage mainly talks about_______.
2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：
(1) Which of the following is right?
(2) Which of the following is not mentioned?
(3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
(4) Choose the right order of this passage.
(5) From this passage we know ________.
3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。
此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：
(1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means ________.
(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.
(3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________.
(4) Here “it” means________.
4. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：
(1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.
(2) We can infer from the text that _______.
(3) From the letters we’ve learned that
(4) From the story we can guess ______.
(5) What would be happy if …?
二、阅读理解题的方法和技巧
1.如何获取段落的主旨和大意?
最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：
(1)主题句在段首或篇首。
主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文， 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。
(2)主题句在段末或篇末。
用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。
3)无主题句
有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢?其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。
2.如何根据上下文猜测词义?
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的'词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1.根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2.运用语法知识进行语法分析。
3.依靠常识和经验做出判断。
