do you think it's possible to control someone's attention? even more than that, what about predicting human behavior? i think those are interesting ideas, if you could. i mean, for me, that would be the perfect superpower, actually kind of an evil way of approaching it. but for myself, in the past, i've spent the last 20 years studying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way: picking pockets. when we think of misdirection, we think of something as looking off to the side, when actually it's often the things that are right in front of us that are the hardest things to see, the things that you look at every day that you're blinded to.
for example, how many of you still have your cell phones on you right now? great. double-check. make sure you still have them on you. i was doing some shopping beforehand. now you've looked at them probably a few times today, but i'm going to ask you a question about them. without looking at your cell phone directly yet, can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner? bring them out, check, and see how accurate you were. how'd you do? show of hands. did we get it?
now that you're done looking at those, close them down, because every phone has something in common. no matter how you organize the icons, you still have a clock on the front. so, without looking at your phone, what time was it? you just looked at your clock, right? it's an interesting idea. now, i'll ask you to take that a step further with a game of trust. close your eyes. i realize i'm asking you to do that while you just heard there's a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.
now, you've been watching me for about 30 seconds. with your eyes closed, what am i wearing? make your best guess. what color is my shirt? what color is my tie? now open your eyes. by a show of hands, were you right?
it's interesting, isn't it? some of us are a little bit more perceptive than others. it seems that way. but i have a different theory about that, that model of attention. they have fancy models of attention, posner's trinity model of attention. for me, i like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system. it's kind of like you have all these fancy sensors, and inside your brain is a little security guard. for me, i like to call him frank. so frank is sitting at a desk. he's got all sorts of cool information in front of him, high-tech equipment, he's got cameras, he's got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears, all these senses, all these perceptions. but attention is what steers your perceptions, is what controls your reality. it's the gateway to the mind. if you don't attend to something, you can't be aware of it. but ironically, you can attend to something without being aware of it. that's why there's the cocktail effect: when you're in a party, you're having conversations with someone, and yet you can recognize your name and you didn't even realize you were listening to that.
now, for my job, i have to play with techniques to exploit this, to play with your attention as a limited resource. so if i could control how you spend your attention, if i could maybe steal your attention through a distraction. now, instead of doing it like misdirection and throwing it off to the side, instead, what i choose to focus on is frank, to be able to play with the frank inside your head, your little security guard, and get you, instead of focusing on your external senses, just to go internal for a second. so if i ask you to access a memory, like, what is that? what just happened? do you have a wallet? do you have an american express in your wallet? and when i do that, your frank turns around. he accesses the file. he has to rewind the tape. and what's interesting is, he can't rewind the tape at the same time that he's trying to process new data.
now, i mean, this sounds like a good theory, but i could talk for a long time and tell you lots of things, and they may be true, a portion of them, but i think it's better if i tried to show that to you here live. so if i come down, i'm going to do a little bit of shopping. just hold still where you are.
hello, how are you? it's lovely to see you. you did a wonderful job onstage. you have a lovely watch that doesn't come off very well. do you have your ring as well? good. just taking inventory. you're like a buffet. it's hard to tell where to start, there's so many great things.
hi, how are you? good to see you.
hi, sir, could you stand up for me, please? just right where you are. oh, you're married. you follow directions well. that's nice to meet you, sir. you don't have a whole lot inside your pockets. anything down by the pocket over here? hopefully so. have a seat. there you go. you're doing well.
hi, sir, how are you? good to see you, sir. you have a ring, a watch. do you have a wallet on you? joe: i don't. apollo robbins: well, we'll find one for you. come on up this way, joe. give joe a round of applause. come on up joe. let's play a game.
(applause)
pardon me.
i don't think i need this clicker anymore. you can have that. thank you very much. i appreciate that.
come on up to the stage, joe. let's play a little game now. do you have anything in your front pockets? joe: money. ar: money. all right, let's try that. can you stand right over this way for me? turn around and, let's see, if i give you something that belongs to me, this is just something i have, a poker chip. hold out your hand for me. watch it kind of closely. now this is a task for you to focus on. now you have your money in your front pocket here? joe: yup. ar: good. i'm not going to actually put my hand in your pocket. i'm not ready for that kind of commitment. one time a guy had a hole in his pocket, and that was rather traumatizing for me. i was looking for his wallet and he gave me his phone number. it was a big miscommunication.
so let's do this sim***. squeeze your hand. squeeze it tight. do you feel the poker chip in your hand? joe: i do. ar: would you be surprised if i could take it out of your hand? say yes. joe: very. ar: good. open your hand. thank you very much. i'll cheat if you give me a chance. make it harder for me. just use your hand. grab my wrist, but squeeze, squeeze firm. did you see it go? joe: no. ar: no, it's not here. open your hand. see, while we're focused on the hand, it's sitting on your shoulder right now. go ahead and take it off. now, let's try that again. hold your hand out flat. open it up all the way. put your hand up a little bit higher, but watch it close there, joe. see, if i did it slowly, it'd be back on your shoulder. (laughter) joe, we're going to keep doing this till you catch it. you're going to get it eventually. i have faith in you. squeeze firm. you're human, you're not slow. it's back on your shoulder. you were focused on your hand. that's why you were distracted. while you were watching this, i couldn't quite get your watch off. it was difficult. yet you had something inside your front pocket. do you remember what it was? joe: money. ar: check your pocket. see if it's still there. is it still there? (laughter) oh, that's where it was. go ahead and put it away. we're just shopping. this trick's more about the timing, really. i'm going to try to push it inside your hand. put your other hand on top for me, would you? it's amazingly obvious now, isn't it? it looks a lot like the watch i was wearing, doesn't it?
(laughter) (applause)
joe: that's pretty good. that's pretty good. ar: oh, thanks. but it's only a start. let's try it again, a little bit differently. hold your hands together. put your other hand on top. now if you're watching this little token, this obviously has become a little target. it's like a red herring. if we watch this kind of close, it looks like it goes away. it's not back on your shoulder. it falls out of the air, lands right back in the hand. did you see it go? yeah, it's funny. we've got a little guy. he's union. he works up there all day. if i did it slowly, if it goes straightaway, it lands down by your pocket. i believe is it in this pocket, sir? no, don't reach in your pocket. that's a different show. so -- (squeaking noise) -- that's rather strange. they have shots for that. can i show them what that is? that's rather bizarre. is this yours, sir? i have no idea how that works. we'll just send that over there.
that's great. i need help with this one. step over this way for me. now don't run away. you had something down by your pants pocket. i was checking mine. i couldn't find everything, but i noticed you had something here. can i feel the outside of your pocket for a moment? down here i noticed this. is this something of yours, sir? is this? i have no idea. that's a shrimp.
joe: yeah. i'm saving it for later.
ar: you've entertained all of these people in a wonderful way, better than you know. so we'd love to give you this lovely watch as a gift. (laughter) hopefully it matches his taste. but also, we have a couple of other things, a little bit of cash, and then we have a few other things. these all belong to you, along with a big round of applause from all your friends. (applause)
oe, thank you very much.
(applause)
so, same question i asked you before, but this time you don't have to close your eyes. what am i wearing?
(laughter)
(applause)
attention is a powerful thing. like i said, it shapes your reality. so, i guess i'd like to pose that question to you. if you could control somebody's attention, what would you do with it?
thank you.
We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea， and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the way down， it's a perfectly positively pitch—black world。 And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the windowthat you couldn't describe： these blinking lights —— a world of bioluminescence， like fireflies。 Dr。 Edith Widder —— she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association —— was able to come up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals， and that's what you're seeing here on the screen。
好了，我们即将潜入海底深处。 任何一个有过这种美妙机会的人都知道 在这两个半小时的下降过程中， 是一个完全漆黑的世界。 我们透过窗户会看见世界上各种最神秘的动物， 各种无法形容的动物。这些闪亮着的光， 完美地构成了如萤火虫般发光的世界。 研究保护协会的Edith Witter博士 发明了一种照相机， 这种照相机可以拍下这些令人难以置信的生物。 这就是你现在在屏幕上看到的。
That's all bioluminescence。 So， like I said： just like fireflies。 There's a flying turkey under a tree。 （Laughter） I'm a geologist by training。 But I love that。 And you see， some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten， some they use to attract prey， but all of it， from an artistic point of view， is positively amazing。 And a lot of what goes on inside 。。。 there's a fish with glowing eyes， pulsating eyes。 Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize， these lovely patterns。 And then this last one， one of my favorites， this pinwheel design。 Just absolutely amazing， every single dive。
他们全部都是生物发光体。像我说的，就像萤火虫一样。 这是个会飞的火鸡，在树下。（笑声） 我知道我现在像是个实*期的地质学家，不过我就是喜欢。 你可以看到这些生物发出的光， 有些是为了避免被吃掉。 有些又是为引诱食物上钩。 尽管如此，用艺术的角度来看，这些都如此神奇。 再来看看这里发生了些什么—— 这条鱼有着会发光，闪烁的眼睛。 有些颜色则可以催眠。 多么有趣的图案。这是最后一个： 也是我的最爱，像转轮一样的设计。 每一次潜水都充满着惊喜。
That's the unknown world， and today we've only explored about 3 percent of what's out there in the ocean。 Already we've found the world's highest mountains， the world's deepest valleys， underwater lakes， underwater waterfalls —— a lot of that we shared with you from the stage。 And in a place where we thought no life at all， we find more life， we think， and diversity and density than the tropical rainforest， which tells us that we don't know much about this planet at all。 There's still 97 percent， and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises。
这正是一个未知的世界。到今天为止，我们只探索了其中的极小部分， 大约只占了所有海洋的3%。 到现在，我们已经发现了世界上最高的山峰， 最深的峡谷， 水下湖，水下瀑布， 还有我们刚才看到的。 然而，恰是我们曾经以为根本不可能有生命的地方， 我们发现了众多的生物，还有它们的密度和多样性， 都超过了热带雨林。这告诉我们 我们实际上对自己的星球还不甚了解。 还有剩下的97%，那里要不就是一片荒芜，要不就是充满惊喜。
But I want to jump up to shallow water now and look at some creatures that are positively amazing。Cephalopods —— head—foots。 As a kid I knew them as calamari， mostly。 （Laughter） This is an octopus —— this is the work of Dr。 Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab —— and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can， with their incredible eyes， sense their surroundings， look at light， look at patterns。 Here's an octopus moving across the reef， finds a spot to settle down， curls up and then disappears into the background。 Tough thing to do。
不过我现在还是想说说浅水里的世界， 来看看那些神奇的生物。 头足类动物，有头有角。小时候我把他们当作是枪乌贼。 这是一条章鱼。 这是来自Roger Hanlon博士，海洋生物实验室的成果。 这些头足类动物真令人着迷， 它用它们的眼睛，它们那难以置信的眼睛来观察周围的环境， 看光，看图案。 这有只章鱼正在穿过礁石。 找到一个位置，停下来，卷起，然后马上消失在背景之中。 这很难做到。
In the next bit， we're going to see a couple squid。 These are squid。 Now males， when they fight， if they're really aggressive， they turn white。 And these two males are fighting， they do it by bouncing their butts together， which is an interesting concept。 Now， here's a male on the left and a female on the right， and the male has managed to split his coloration so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him。 And the male 。。。 （Laughter） We're going to see it again。 Let's take a look at it again。 Watch the coloration： white on the right， brown on the left。 He takes a step back —— so he's keeping off the other males by splitting his body —— and comes up on the other side 。。。 Bingo！ Now I'm told that's not just a squid phenomenon with males， but I don't know。 （Laughter）
接下来，再来一起看一对鱿鱼。 这就是鱿鱼。当雄性鱿鱼搏斗时， 如果它们想要显示出自己的侵略性，它们就变为白色了。 这有两条雄鱿鱼在搏斗。 它们用撞屁股的方式来搏斗， 真是挺有意思的方法。这里有一条雄性在左边， 雌性在右边。 看，这条雄性能有办法利用颜色把自己分为两半， 所以雌性只能看到它温顺，优雅的一边， 雄性—— （笑声）再来看一次。 让我们再看一次。注意它的颜色： 白色在右边，棕色在左边。 它后退一步，让其它的雄性无法靠* 来到另外一边，并且马上转换颜色。 瞧！以前有人告诉我 这个雄性特征不仅仅是在鱿鱼身上，不过我也不太确定。 （掌声）
What I'd like to do today is talk about one of my favorite subjects, and that is the neuroscience of sleep.
Now, there is a sound -- (Alarm clock) -- aah, it worked -- a sound that is desperately, desperately familiar to most of us, and of course it's the sound of the alarm clock. And what that truly ghastly, awful sound does is stop the single most important behavioral experience that we have, and that's sleep. If you're an average sort of person, 36 percent of your life will be spent asleep, which means that if you live to 90, then 32 years will have been spent entirely asleep.
Now what that 32 years is telling us is that sleep at some level is important. And yet, for most of us, we don't give sleep a second thought. We throw it away. We really just don't think about sleep. And so what I'd like to do today is change your views, change your ideas and your thoughts about sleep. And the journey that I want to take you on, we need to start by going back in time.
"Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber." Any ideas who said that? Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Yes, let me give you a few more quotes. "O sleep, O gentle sleep, nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee?" Shakespeare again, from -- I won't say it -- the Scottish play. [Correction: Henry IV, Part 2] (Laughter) From the same time: "Sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together." Extremely prophetic, by Thomas Dekker, another Elizabethan dramatist.
But if we jump forward 400 years, the tone about sleep changes somewhat. This is from Thomas Edison, from the beginning of the 20th century. "Sleep is a criminal waste of time and a heritage from our cave days." Bang. (Laughter) And if we also jump into the 1980s, some of you may remember that Margaret Thatcher was reported to have said, "Sleep is for wimps." And of course the infamous -- what was his name? -- the infamous Gordon Gekko from "Wall Street" said, "Money never sleeps."
What do we do in the 20th century about sleep? Well, of course, we use Thomas Edison's light bulb to invade the night, and we occupied the dark, and in the process of this occupation, we've treated sleep as an illness, almost. We've treated it as an enemy. At most now, I suppose, we tolerate the need for sleep, and at worst perhaps many of us think of sleep as an illness that needs some sort of a cure. And our ignorance about sleep is really quite profound.
Why is it? Why do we abandon sleep in our thoughts? Well, it's because you don't do anything much while you're asleep, it seems. You don't eat. You don't drink. And you don't have sex. Well, most of us anyway. And so therefore it's -- Sorry. It's a complete waste of time, right? Wrong. Actually, sleep is an incredibly important part of our biology, and neuroscientists are beginning to explain why it's so very important. So let's move to the brain.
Now, here we have a brain. This is donated by a social scientist, and they said they didn't know what it was, or indeed how to use it, so -- (Laughter) Sorry. So I borrowed it. I don't think they noticed. Okay. (Laughter)
The point I'm trying to make is that when you're asleep, this thing doesn't shut down. In fact, some areas of the brain are actually more active during the sleep state than during the wake state. The other thing that's really important about sleep is that it doesn't arise from a single structure within the brain, but is to some extent a network property, and if we flip the brain on its back -- I love this little bit of spinal cord here -- this bit here is the hypothalamus, and right under there is a whole raft of interesting structures, not least the biological clock. The biological clock tells us when it's good to be up, when it's good to be asleep, and what that structure does is interact with a whole raft of other areas within the hypothalamus, the lateral hypothalamus, the ventrolateral preoptic nuclei. All of those combine, and they send projections down to the brain stem here. The brain stem then projects forward and bathes the cortex, this wonderfully wrinkly bit over here, with neurotransmitters that keep us awake and essentially provide us with our consciousness. So sleep arises from a whole raft of different interactions within the brain, and essentially, sleep is turned on and off as a result of a range of
Okay. So where have we got to? We've said that sleep is complicated and it takes 32 years of our life. But what I haven't explained is what sleep is about. So why do we sleep? And it won't surprise any of you that, of course, the scientists, we don't have a consensus. There are dozens of different ideas about why we sleep, and I'm going to outline three of those.
The first is sort of the restoration idea, and it's somewhat intuitive. Essentially, all the stuff we've burned up during the day, we restore, we replace, we rebuild during the night. And indeed, as an explanation, it goes back to Aristotle, so that's, what, 2,300 years ago. It's gone in and out of fashion. It's fashionable at the moment because what's been shown is that within the brain, a whole raft of genes have been shown to be turned on only during sleep, and those genes are associated with restoration and metabolic pathways. So there's good evidence for the whole restoration hypothesis.
What about energy conservation? Again, perhaps intuitive. You essentially sleep to save calories. Now, when you do the sums, though, it doesn't really pan out. If you compare an individual who has slept at night, or stayed awake and hasn't moved very much, the energy saving of sleeping is about 110 calories a night. Now, that's the equivalent of a hot dog bun. Now, I would say that a hot dog bun is kind of a meager return for such a complicated and demanding behavior as sleep. So I'm less convinced by the energy conservation idea.
But the third idea I'm quite attracted to, which is brain processing and memory consolidation. What we know is that, if after you've tried to learn a task, and you sleep-deprive individuals, the ability to learn that task is smashed. It's really hugely attenuated. So sleep and memory consolidation is also very important. However, it's not just the laying down of memory and recalling it. What's turned out to be really exciting is that our ability to come up with novel solutions to complex problems is hugely enhanced by a night of sleep. In fact, it's been estimated to give us a threefold advantage. Sleeping at night enhances our creativity. And what seems to be going on is that, in the brain, those neural connections that are important, those synaptic connections that are important, are linked and strengthened, while those that are less important tend to fade away and be less important.
Okay. So we've had three explanations for why we might sleep, and I think the important thing to realize is that the details will vary, and it's probable we sleep for multiple different reasons. But sleep is not an indulgence. It's not some sort of thing that we can take on board rather casually. I think that sleep was once likened to an upgrade from economy to business class, you know, the equiavlent of. It's not even an upgrade from economy to first class. The critical thing to realize is that if you don't sleep, you don't fly. Essentially, you never get there, and what's extraordinary about much of our society these days is that we are desperately sleep-deprived.
So let's now look at sleep deprivation. Huge sectors of society are sleep-deprived, and let's look at our sleep-o-meter. So in the 1950s, good data suggests that most of us were getting around about eight hours of sleep a night. Nowadays, we sleep one and a half to two hours less every night, so we're in the six-and-a-half-hours-every-night league. For teenagers, it's worse, much worse. They need nine hours for full brain performance, and many of them, on a school night, are only getting five hours of sleep. It's sim*** not enough. If we think about other sectors of society, the aged, if you are aged, then your ability to sleep in a single block is somewhat disrupted, and many sleep, again, less than five hours a night. Shift work. Shift work is extraordinary, perhaps 20 percent of the working population, and the body clock does not shift to the demands of working at night. It's locked onto the same light-dark cycle as the rest of us. So when the poor old shift worker is going home to try and sleep during the day, desperately tired, the body clock is saying, "Wake up. This is the time to be awake." So the quality of sleep that you get as a night shift worker is usually very poor, again in that sort of five-hour region. And then, of course, tens of millions of people suffer from jet lag. So who here has jet lag? Well, my goodness gracious. Well, thank you very much indeed for not falling asleep, because that's what your brain is craving.
One of the things that the brain does is indulge in micro-sleeps, this involuntary falling asleep, and you have essentially no control over it. Now, micro-sleeps can be sort of somewhat embarrassing, but they can also be deadly. It's been estimated that 31 percent of drivers will fall asleep at the wheel at least once in their life, and in the U.S., the statistics are pretty good: 100,000 accidents on the freeway have been associated with tiredness, loss of vigilance, and falling asleep. A hundred thousand a year. It's extraordinary. At another level of terror, we dip into the tragic accidents at Chernobyl and indeed the space shuttle Challenger, which was so tragically lost. And in the investigations that followed those disasters, poor judgment as a result of extended shift work and loss of vigilance and tiredness was attributed to a big chunk of those disasters.
So when you're tired, and you lack sleep, you have poor memory, you have poor creativity, you have increased impulsiveness, and you have overall poor judgment. But my friends, it's so much worse than that.
(Laughter)
If you are a tired brain, the brain is craving things to wake it up. So drugs, stimulants. Caffeine represents the stimulant of choice across much of the Western world. Much of the day is fueled by caffeine, and if you're a really naughty tired brain, nicotine. And of course, you're fueling the waking state with these stimulants, and then of course it gets to 11 o'clock at night, and the brain says to itself, "Ah, well actually, I need to be asleep fairly shortly. What do we do about that when I'm feeling completely wired?" Well, of course, you then resort to alcohol. Now alcohol, short-term, you know, once or twice, to use to mildly sedate you, can be very useful. It can actually ease the sleep transition. But what you must be so aware of is that alcohol doesn't provide sleep, a biological mimic for sleep. It sedates you. So it actually harms some of the neural proccessing that's going on during memory consolidation and memory recall. So it's a short-term acute measure, but for goodness sake, don't become addicted to alcohol as a way of getting to sleep every night.
Another connection between loss of sleep is weight gain. If you sleep around about five hours or less every night, then you have a 50 percent likelihood of being obese. What's the connection here? Well, sleep loss seems to give rise to the release of the hormone ghrelin, the hunger hormone. Ghrelin is released. It gets to the brain. The brain says, "I need carbohydrates," and what it does is seek out carbohydrates and particularly sugars. So there's a link between tiredness and the metabolic predisposition for weight gain.
Stress. Tired people are massively stressed. And one of the things of stress, of course, is loss of memory, which is what I sort of just then had a little lapse of. But stress is so much more. So if you're acutely stressed, not a great problem, but it's sustained stress associated with sleep loss that's the problem. So sustained stress leads to suppressed immunity, and so tired people tend to have higher rates of overall infection, and there's some very good studies showing that shift workers, for example, have higher rates of cancer. Increased levels of stress throw glucose into the circulation. Glucose becomes a dominant part of the vasculature and essentially you become glucose intolerant. Therefore, diabetes 2. Stress increases cardiovascular disease as a result of raising blood pressure. So there's a whole raft of things associated with sleep loss that are more than just a mildly impaired brain, which is where I think most people think that sleep loss resides.
So at this point in the talk, this is a nice time to think, well, do you think on the whole I'm getting enough sleep? So a quick show of hands. Who feels that they're getting enough sleep here? Oh. Well, that's pretty impressive. Good. We'll talk more about that later, about what are your tips.
So most of us, of course, ask the question, "Well, how do I know whether I'm getting enough sleep?" Well, it's not rocket science. If you need an alarm clock to get you out of bed in the morning, if you are taking a long time to get up, if you need lots of stimulants, if you're grumpy, if you're irritable, if you're told by your work colleagues that you're looking tired and irritable, chances are you are sleep-deprived. Listen to them. Listen to yourself.
What do you do? Well -- and this is slightly offensive -- sleep for dummies: Make your bedroom a haven for sleep. The first critical thing is make it as dark as you possibly can, and also make it slightly cool. Very important. Actually, reduce your amount of light exposure at least half an hour before you go to bed. Light increases levels of alertness and will delay sleep. What's the last thing that most of us do before we go to bed? We stand in a massively lit bathroom looking into the mirror cleaning our teeth. It's the worst thing we can possibly do before we went to sleep. Turn off those mobile phones. Turn off those computers. Turn off all of those things that are also going to excite the brain. Try not to drink caffeine too late in the day, ideally not after lunch. Now, we've set about reducing light exposure before you go to bed, but light exposure in the morning is very good at setting the biological clock to the light-dark cycle. So seek out morning light. Basically, listen to yourself. Wind down. Do those sorts of things that you know are going to ease you off into the honey-heavy dew of slumber.
Okay. That's some facts. What about some myths?
Teenagers are lazy. No. Poor things. They have a biological predisposition to go to bed late and get up late, so give them a break.
We need eight hours of sleep a night. That's an average. Some people need more. Some people need less. And what you need to do is listen to your body. Do you need that much or do you need more? Simple as that.
Old people need less sleep. Not true. The sleep demands of the aged do not go down. Essentially, sleep fragments and becomes less robust, but sleep requirements do not go down.
And the fourth myth is, early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Well that's wrong at so many different levels. (Laughter) There is no, no evidence that getting up early and going to bed early gives you more wealth at all. There's no difference in socioeconomic status. In my experience, the only difference between morning people and evening people is that those people that get up in the morning early are just horribly smug.
(Laughter) (Applause)
Okay. So for the last part, the last few minutes, what I want to do is change gears and talk about some really new, breaking areas of neuroscience, which is the association between mental health, mental illness and sleep disruption. We've known for 130 years that in severe mental illness, there is always, always sleep disruption, but it's been largely ignored. In the 1970s, when people started to think about this again, they said, "Yes, well, of course you have sleep disruption in schizophrenia because they're on anti-psychotics. It's the anti-psychotics causing the sleep problems," ignoring the fact that for a hundred years previously, sleep disruption had been reported before anti-psychotics.
So what's going on? Lots of groups, several groups are studying conditions like depression, schizophrenia and bipolar, and what's going on in terms of sleep disruption. We have a big study which we published last year on schizophrenia, and the data were quite extraordinary. In those individuals with schizophrenia, much of the time, they were awake during the night phase and then they were asleep during the day. Other groups showed no 24-hour patterns whatsoever. Their sleep was absolutely smashed. And some had no ability to regulate their sleep by the light-dark cycle. They were getting up later and later and later and later each night. It was smashed.
So what's going on? And the really exciting news is that mental illness and sleep are not sim*** associated but they are physically linked within the brain. The neural networks that predispose you to normal sleep, give you normal sleep, and those that give you normal mental health are overlapping. And what's the evidence for that? Well, genes that have been shown to be very important in the generation of normal sleep, when mutated, when changed, also predispose individuals to mental health problems. And last year, we published a study which showed that a gene that's been linked to schizophrenia, which, when mutated, also smashes the sleep. So we have evidence of a genuine mechanistic overlap between these two important systems.
Other work flowed from these studies. The first was that sleep disruption actually precedes certain types of mental illness, and we've shown that in those young individuals who are at high risk of developing bipolar disorder, they already have a sleep abnormality prior to any clinical diagnosis of bipolar. The other bit of data was that sleep disruption may actually exacerbate, make worse the mental illness state. My colleague Dan Freeman has used a range of agents which have stabilized sleep and reduced levels of paranoia in those individuals by 50 percent.
So what have we got? We've got, in these connections, some really exciting things. In terms of the neuroscience, by understanding the neuroscience of these two systems, we're really beginning to understand how both sleep and mental illness are generated and regulated within the brain. The second area is that if we can use sleep and sleep disruption as an early warning signal, then we have the chance of going in. If we know that these individuals are vulnerable, early intervention then becomes possible. And the third, which I think is the most exciting, is that we can think of the sleep centers within the brain as a new therapeutic target. Stabilize sleep in those individuals who are vulnerable, we can certainly make them healthier, but also alleviate some of the appalling symptoms of mental illness.
So let me just finish. What I started by saying is take sleep seriously. Our attitudes toward sleep are so very different from a pre-industrial age, when we were almost wrapped in a duvet. We used to understand intuitively the importance of sleep. And this isn't some sort of crystal-waving nonsense. This is a pragmatic response to good health. If you have good sleep, it increases your concentration, attention, decision-making, creativity, social skills, health. If you get sleep, it reduces your mood changes, your stress, your levels of anger, your impulsivity, and your tendency to drink and take drugs. And we finished by saying that an understanding of the neuroscience of sleep is really informing the way we think about some of the causes of mental illness, and indeed is providing us new ways to treat these incredibly debilitating conditions.
Jim Butcher, the fantasy writer, said, "Sleep is God. Go worship." And I can only recommend that you do the same.
Thank you for your attention.
(Applause)
Why does this matter? Boy, it *** a lot. Because no one gets to the corner office by sitting on the side, not at the table, and no one gets the promotion if they don't think they deserve their success, or they don't even understand their own success.I wish the answer were easy. I wish I could go tell all the young women I work for, these fabulous women,"Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself. Own your own success." I wish I could tell that to my daughter. But it's not that simple. Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing, which is that success and likeability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women. And everyone's nodding, because we all know this to be true.There's a really good study that shows this really well. There's a famous Harvard Business School studyon a woman named Heidi Roizen. And she's an operator in a company in Silicon Valley, and she uses her contacts to become a very successful venture capitalist.
演说题目：Questioning the universe
演说者：Stephen Hawking
There is nothing bigger or older than the universe. The questions I would like to talk about are: one, where did we come from? How did the universe come into being? Are we alone in the universe? Is there alien life out there? What is the future of the human race?
没什么比宇宙更广大更久远的了。你们的问题中我想聊一下的是：你我何从?宇宙何来?宇宙中就只有我们?有外星异生物么?人类的未来将会如何?
Up until the 1920s, everyone thought the universe was essentially static and unchanging in time. Then it was discovered that the universe was expanding. Distant galaxies were moving away from us. This meant they must have been closer together in the past. If we extrapolate back, we find we must have all been on top of each other about 15 billion years ago. This was the Big Bang, the beginning of the universe.
上世纪20xx年代之前，所有人都以为宇宙基本上是处于稳态，流金岁月，持恒不变。之后我们发现原来宇宙正在膨胀中。辽远星系一直飞离我们，这意味着它们必定曾相靠*。我们若往后推算，就会发现我们必都曾於约150亿年前，互相堆叠在一起。正是这 "霹雳大爆炸" ——宇宙之起始。
But was there anything before the Big Bang? If not, what created the universe? Why did the universe emerge from the Big Bang the way it did? We used to think that the theory of the universe could be divided into two parts. First, there were the laws like Maxwell's equations and general relativity that determined the evolution of the universe, given its state over all of space at one time. And second, there was no question of the initial state of the universe.
然而大爆炸前可有什么吗?若是没有，又是什么创造宇宙呢?宇宙缘何要从大霹雳中冒出呢?过往我们都认为宇宙论可分成两部分，首先，是定律。像“麦克斯韦方程组”'和 “广义相对论”以其于同一刻设定整个时空之状态，而决定了宇宙之演化进程。次之，是对宇宙雏形的疑问。
We have made good progress on the first part, and now have the knowledge of the laws of evolution in all but the most extreme conditions. But until recently, we have had little idea about the initial conditions for the universe. However, this division into laws of evolution and initial conditions depends on time and space being separate and distinct.
第一部分我们取得良好进展，除了“至极端境况”'以外。现在已对演化规律于所有境况下之进程有所掌握。可直至最*，我们仍对宇宙初生当时之周围条件不甚了了。然而，这演化律及初始条件之界分，乃囿于"时 空分明"之概念内。
Under extreme conditions, general relativity and quantum theoryallow time to behave like another dimension of space. This removes the distinction between time and space, and means the laws of evolution can also determine the initial state. The universe can spontaneously create itself out of nothing.
而於极端条件下，广义相对论及量子论容许“时间”如同“空间”的另一维度般运作。这就将“时.空”之间区别移除了，即是说演化律 亦可决定初始状态。宇宙可以由无变有自我创生!
Moreover, we can calculate a probability that the universe was created in different states. These predictions are in excellent agreement with observations by the WMAP satellite of the cosmic microwave background, which is an imprint of the very early universe. We think we have solved the mystery of creation. Maybe we should patent the universe and charge everyone royalties for their existence.
我们甚至可以计算出宇宙在不同情况下诞生的可能性。这些推论与WMAP卫星所观测到的宇宙微波背景辐射(即大爆炸之痕迹)相当一致。我们相信已勘破了创造奥秘或许我们应将“宇宙”给注册，然后向每个生存于世的人收“生活费”。
I now turn to the second big question: are we alone, or is there other life in the universe? We believe that life arose spontaneously on the Earth, so it must be possible for life to appear on other suitable planets, of which there seem to be a large number in the galaxy.
现在我转到第二个大问题去，宇宙中就只有我们，还是另有其它生物?我们相信生命从地球自我衍生，故此生命确有可能出现於其它合适星球——星河中看来可有不少呢。
But we don't know how life first appeared. We have two pieces of observational evidence on the probability of life appearing. The first is that we have fossils of algae from 3.5 billion years ago. The Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago and was probably too hot for about the first half billion years. So life appeared on Earth within half a billion years of it being possible, which is short compared to the 10-billion-year lifetime of a planet of Earth type. This suggests that the probability of life appearing is reasonably high. If it was very low, one would have expected it to take most of the ten billion years available.
但我们仍未搅通生命是如何生成：对於生命诞生的可能契机，我们有两项观测得来的佐证。首先我们有来自35亿年前的海藻化石。地球于46亿年前形成，头约5亿年相信仍太热了。故此生命于其变得可能后的5亿年间方出现，这相对于像地球之类百亿年期的星体，只算是一段短时间。这意味着生命出现的概率是颇高的。若是低的话，就可预期要花尽百亿年的绝大部分才会出现。
On the other hand, we don't seem to have been visited by aliens. I am discounting the reports of UFOs.Why would they appear only to cranks and weirdos? If there is a government conspiracy to suppress the reports and keep for itself the scientific knowledge the aliens bring, it seems to have been a singularly ineffective policy so far. Furthermore, despite an extensive search by the SETI project, we haven't heard any alien television quiz shows. This probably indicates that there are no alien civilizations at our stage of development within a radius of a few hundred light years. Issuing an insurance policy against abduction by aliens seems a pretty safe bet.
另一方面，我们似乎从未见有外星人到访。我不信那些什么“不明物体的报导”。它们干吗要单向那些古古怪怪的人现身呢?若真有一个甚麽**阴谋要将报导打住，从而将外星人所带来之科学识据为己有，那可真像个既离奇，亦从未见效的举措。再说，即便SETI计划已进行广泛探索，我们还没有收听到任何外太空电视答问节目。这可能昭示在我们现阶段文明发展之方圆数百光年范围之内，并没有其它外星异文化。卖保险给那些怕被外星人绑架的人，看来是个不错的选择。
This brings me to the last of the big questions: the future of the human race. If we are the only intelligent beings in the galaxy, we should make sure we survive and continue. But we are entering an increasingly dangerous period of our history. Our population and our use of the finite resources of planet Earth are growing exponentially, along with our technical ability to change the environment for good or ill. But our genetic code still carries the selfish and aggressive instincts that were of survival advantage in the past. It will be difficult enough to avoid disaster in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand or million.
这送我到了最后一个大问题：人类的前途。若我们是星河里唯一智能生物，就必须确保自己能存活并延续下去。但我们正迈入历史中一个愈发危险的时段。我们的人囗和对地球有限资源的耗用，正以几何级数增长，相随的是我们将环境或弄好或弄垮的技术才能，至于我们的基因指令则仍带着那自私和好斗的本质，这或有利于我们过往求存，却又让我们于往后数百年内人祸难逃。更别说未来千百万年了。
Our only chance of long-term survival is not to remain inward-looking on planet Earth, but to spread out into space. The answers to these big questions show that we have made remarkable progress in the last hundred years. But if we want to continue beyond the next hundred years, our future is in space.That is why I am in favor of manned — or should I say, personned — space flight.
我们长活下去的唯一机会，不是一直呆着在地球而是冲出太空去。这些大问题之解答显示我们于过去数百年取得可观进展。可若要超越未来数百年，们的前途在于太空。正因此，我较倾向于 "人" 控——( man 于英语中可单指'人“”或“男人”) 或许我应说，由人驾驶之太空旅航。
All of my life I have sought to understand the universe and find answers to these questions. I have been very lucky that my disability has not been a serious handicap. Indeed, it has probably given me more time than most people to pursue the quest for knowledge. The ultimate goal is a complete theory of the universe, and we are making good progress. Thank you for listening.
我一生都在探究想要了解宇宙并找出这些问题之答案。我一直都非常幸运，我的残疾并没造成严重障礙;说真的，这反倒让我比大部分人获得更多时间以从事知识之追求。终极目标是一套完备的宇宙论，而我们已有良好进展。感谢您们的聆听。
Chris Anderson: Professor, if you had to guess either way, do you now believe that it is more likely than not that we are alone in the Milky Way, as a civilization of our level of intelligence or higher? This answer took seven minutes, and really gave me an insight into the incredible act of generosity this whole talk was for TED.
安德森：教授，若您必须二选其一作猜测，此刻您是较相信还是较不相信我们是天河中唯一现水*或更高水*之智能文化?准备这答案已花了7分多钟，真让我深切体会到这整个演讲为TED所付出之，让人难以置信之慷慨。
Stephen Hawking: I think it quite likely that we are the only civilization within several hundred light years; otherwise we would have heard radio waves. The alternative is that civilizations don't last very long, but destroy themselves.
霍金：我想我们应该是数百光年范围内之独一文明;否则我们应已收听到电波。另一种可能是，该等文明都维持不久，就自我毁灭掉。
CA: Professor Hawking, thank you for that answer. We will take it as a salutary warning, I think, for the rest of our conference this week. Professor, we really thank you for the extraordinary effort you madeto share your questions with us today. Thank you very much indeed.
安德森： 霍金教授，谢谢您的解答。我想，我们会将之作为这一周余下会谈之座右铭。教授，我们衷心感谢您今天为与我们分享您的问题所作出之卓越贡献。真的非常感谢您。
(Applause)
(掌声)
Over the next five minutes, my intention is to transform your relationship with sound. Let me start with the observation that most of the sound around us is accidental, and much of it is unpleasant. (Traffic noise) We stand on street corners, shouting over noise like this, and pretending that it doesn't exist. Well, this habit of suppressing sound has meant that our relationship with sound has become largely unconscious.
There are four major ways sound is affecting you all the time, and I'd like to raise them in your consciousness today. First is physiological. (Loud alarm clocks) Sorry about that. I've just given you a shot of cortisol, your fight/flight hormone. Sounds are affecting your hormone secretions all the time, but also your breathing, your heart rate -- which I just also did -- and your brainwaves.
It's not just unpleasant sounds like that that do it. This is surf. (Ocean waves) It has the frequency of roughly 12 cycles per minute. Most people find that very soothing, and, interestingly, 12 cycles per minute is roughly the frequency of the breathing of a sleeping human. There is a deep resonance with being at rest. We also associate it with being stress-free and on holiday.
The second way in which sound affects you is psychological. Music is the most powerful form of sound that we know that affects our emotional state. (Albinoni's Adagio) This is guaranteed to make most of you feel pretty sad if I leave it on. Music is not the only kind of sound, however, which affects your emotions.
Natural sound can do that too. Birdsong, for example, is a sound which most people find reassuring. (Birds chirping) There is a reason for that. Over hundreds of thousands of years we've learned that when the birds are singing, things are safe. It's when they stop you need to be worried.
The third way in which sound affects you is cognitively. You can't understand two people talking at once ("If you're listening to this version of") ("me you're on the wrong track.") or in this case one person talking twice. Try and listen to the other one. ("You have to choose which me you're going to listen to.")
We have a very small amount of bandwidth for processing auditory input, which is why noise like this -- (Office noise) -- is extremely damaging for productivity. If you have to work in an open-plan office like this, your productivity is greatly reduced. And whatever number you're thinking of, it probably isn't as bad as this. (Ominous music) You are one third as productive in open-plan offices as in quiet rooms. And I have a tip for you. If you have to work in spaces like that, carry headphones with you, with a soothing sound like birdsong. Put them on and your productivity goes back up to triple what it would be.
The fourth way in which sound affects us is behaviorally. With all that other stuff going on, it would be amazing if our behavior didn't change. (Techno music inside a car) So, ask yourself: Is this person ever going to drive at a steady 28 miles per hour? I don't think so. At the simplest, you move away from unpleasant sound and towards pleasant sounds. So if I were to play this -- (Jackhammer) -- for more than a few seconds, you'd feel uncomfortable; for more than a few minutes, you'd be leaving the room in droves. For people who can't get away from noise like that, it's extremely damaging for their health.
And that's not the only thing that bad sound damages. Most retail sound is inappropriate and accidental, and even hostile, and it has a dramatic effect on sales. For those of you who are retailers, you may want to look away before I show this slide. They are losing up to 30 percent of their business with people leaving shops faster, or just turning around on the door. We all have done it, leaving the area because the sound in there is so dreadful.
I want to spend just a moment talking about the model that we've developed, which allows us to start at the top and look at the drivers of sound, ***yze the soundscape and then predict the four outcomes I've just talked about. Or start at the bottom, and say what outcomes do we want, and then design a soundscape to have a desired effect. At last we've got some science we can ap***. And we're in the business of designing soundscapes.
Just a word on music. Music is the most powerful sound there is, often inappropriately deployed. It's powerful for two reasons. You recognize it fast, and you associate it very powerfully. I'll give you two examples. (First chord of The Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night") Most of you recognize that immediately. The younger, maybe not. (Laughter) (First two notes of "Jaws" theme) And most of you associate that with something! Now, those are one-second samples of music. Music is very powerful. And unfortunately it's veneering commercial spaces, often inappropriately. I hope that's going to change over the next few years.
This is Tim Ferriss circa 1979 A.D. Age two. You can tell by the power squat, I was a very confident boy -- and not without reason. I had a very charming routine at the time, which was to wait until late in the evening when my parents were decompressing from a hard day's work, doing their crossword puzzles, watching television. I would run into the living room, jump up on the couch, rip the cushions off, throw them on the floor, scream at the top of my lungs and run out because I was the Incredible Hulk. (Laughter) Obviously, you see the resemblance. And this routine went on for some time.
When I was seven I went to summer camp. My parents found it necessary for peace of mind. And at noon each day the campers would go to a pond, where they had floating docks. You could jump off the end into the deep end. I was born premature. I was always very small. My left lung had collapsed when I was born. And I've always had buoyancy problems. So water was something that scared me to begin with. But I would go in on occasion. And on one particular day, the campers were jumping through inner tubes, They were diving through inner tubes. And I thought this would be great fun. So I dove through the inner tube, and the bully of the camp grabbed my ankles. And I tried to come up for air, and my lower back hit the bottom of the inner tube. And I went wild eyed and thought I was going to die. A camp counselor fortunately came over and separated us. From that point onward I was terrified of swimming. That is something that I did not get over. My inability to swim has been one of my greatest humiliations and embarrassments. That is when I realized that I was not the Incredible Hulk.
But there is a happy ending to this story. At age 31 -- that's my age now -- in August I took two weeks to re-examine swimming, and question all the of the obvious aspects of swimming. And went from swimming one lap -- so 20 yards -- like a drowning monkey, at about 200 beats per minute heart rate -- I measured it -- to going to Montauk on Long Island, close to where I grew up, and jumping into the ocean and swimming one kilometer in open water, getting out and feeling better than when I went in. And I came out, in my Speedos, European style, feeling like the Incredible Hulk.
And that's what I want everyone in here to feel like, the Incredible Hulk, at the end of this presentation. More specifically, I want you to feel like you're capable of becoming an excellent long-distance swimmer, a world-class language learner, and a tango champion. And I would like to share my art. If I have an art, it's deconstructing things that really scare the living hell out of me. So, moving onward.
Swimming, first principles. First principles, this is very important. I find that the best results in life are often held back by false constructs and untested assumptions. And the turnaround in swimming came when a friend of mine said, "I will go a year without any stimulants" -- this is a six-double-espresso-per-day type of guy -- "if you can complete a one kilometer open water race." So the clock started ticking. I started seeking out triathletes because I found that lifelong swimmers often couldn't teach what they did. I tried kickboards. My feet would slice through the water like razors, I wouldn't even move. I would leave demoralized, staring at my feet. Hand paddles, everything. Even did lessons with Olympians -- nothing helped. And then Chris Sacca, who is now a dear friend mine, had completed an Iron Man with 103 degree temperature, said, "I have the answer to your prayers." And he introduced me to the work of a man named Terry Laughlin who is the founder of Total Immersion Swimming. That set me on the road to examining biomechanics.
So here are the new rules of swimming, if any of you are afraid of swimming, or not good at it. The first is, forget about kicking. Very counterintuitive. So it turns out that propulsion isn't really the problem. Kicking harder doesn't solve the problem because the average swimmer only transfers about three percent of their energy expenditure into forward motion. The problem is hydrodynamics. So what you want to focus on instead is allowing your lower body to draft behind your upper body, much like a small car behind a big car on the highway. And you do that by maintaining a horizontal body position. The only way you can do that is to not swim on top of the water. The body is denser than water. 95 percent of it would be, at least, submerged naturally.
So you end up, number three, not swimming, in the case of freestyle, on your stomach, as many people think, reaching on top of the water. But actually rotating from streamlined right to streamlined left, maintaining that fuselage position as long as possible. So let's look at some examples. This is Terry. And you can see that he's extending his right arm below his head and far in front. And so his entire body really is underwater. The arm is extended below the head. The head is held in line with the spine, so that you use strategic water pressure to raise your legs up -- very important, especially for people with lower body fat. Here is an example of the stroke. So you don't kick. But you do use a small flick. You can see this is the left extension. Then you see his left leg. Small flick, and the only purpose of that is to rotate his hips so he can get to the opposite side. And the entry point for his right hand -- notice this, he's not reaching in front and catching the water. Rather, he is entering the water at a 45-degree angle with his forearm, and then propelling himself by streamlining -- very important. Incorrect, above, which is what almost every swimming coach will teach you. Not their fault, honestly. And I'll get to implicit versus explicit in a moment. Below is what most swimmers will find enables them to do what I did, which is going from 21 strokes per 20-yard length to 11 strokes in two workouts with no coach, no video monitoring. And now I love swimming. I can't wait to go swimming. I'll be doing a swimming lesson later, for myself, if anyone wants to join me.
When people find out I write about time management, they assume two things. One is that I'm always on time, and I'm not. I have four small children, and I would like to blame them for my occasional tardiness, but sometimes it's just not their fault. I was once late to my own speech on time management.
当人们发现我写关于时间管理的文章时，他们都会假设两件事：第一，我永远都准时，但我并不是。我有四个小孩，我偶尔将迟到归咎于他们，不过有时候真的不是因为他们。我有一次在去我的一个关于时间管理的演讲时迟到了。
We all had to just take a moment together and savor that irony.
我们都需要一点时间去好好地体味一下这有多么讽刺。
The second thing they assume is that I have lots of tips and tricks for saving bits of time here and there.Sometimes I'll hear from magazines that are doing a story along these lines, generally on how to help their readers find an extra hour in the day. And the idea is that we'll shave bits of time off everyday activities, add it up, and we'll have time for the good stuff.
第二，人们总是假设我有很多关于如何节省时间的贴士和技巧。有时候我听说一些杂志 在写这方面的故事，通常都是关于教读者如何在一天中获得额外一个小时。基本思路就是从日常的每个活动中挤出一点时间，加起来，然后我们就有时间去做更有意思的事情了。
I question the entire premise of this piece, but I'm always interested in hearing what they've come up with before they call me. Some of my favorites:doing errands where you only have to make right-hand turns.
我对这个说法持保留意见，不过我还是愿意听听他们在找我之前有什么想法。我最喜欢的几个是：只完成那些只需要右转的事;
Being extremely judicious in microwave usage: it says three to three-and-a-half minutes on the package, we're totally getting in on the bottom side of that. And my personal favorite, which makes sense on some level, is to DVR your favorite shows so you can fast-forward through the commercials.
在用微波炉时，要极度审慎：当食物包装上面写了3到3.5分钟时，我们要挑时间最短的那个。我个人最喜欢的是，录下你最喜欢看的电视剧，然后你就可以跳过广告了。其实在某个程度上，还是挺有道理的。
That way, you save eight minutes every half hour, so in the course of two hours of watching TV, you find 32 minutes to exercise.
这样，你每半个小时就可以挤出八分钟。那么你葱用来看电视的两个小时中，可以挤出32分钟锻炼的时间。
Which is true. You know another way to find 32 minutes to exercise? Don't watch two hours of TV a day, right?
倒的确是这么回事儿。你还知道其他可以找到32分钟锻炼时间的方法吗?不要每天都看两个小时电视就行了，对吧? (笑声)
Anyway, the idea is we'll save bits of time here and there, add it up, we will finally get to everything we want to do. But after studying how successful people spend their time and looking at their schedules hour by hour, I think this idea has it completely backward.
总之，就是要在各处都省点时间，加起来就有时间做我们想做的事了。但在我了解成功的人如何分配时间，并看过了他们的时间表后，我觉得这个想法是完全本末倒置的。
We don't build the lives we want by saving time. We build the lives we want, and then time saves itself.
我们不是通过节省时间来打造我们想过的生活。我们应该先建立我们想要的生活，时间就会自然而然节省出来。
Here's what I mean. I recently did a time diary project looking at 1,001 days in the lives of extremely busy women. They had demanding jobs, sometimes their own businesses, kids to care for, maybe parents to care for, community commitments -- busy, busy people.
我来解释一下。我最*有个时间日记项目，观察最忙碌的女士生命中的1001天。她们工作繁忙，有时候是自己的生意，有时候要照顾自己的孩子，或者是照顾父母，还有服务社区等等——都是一些很忙的人。
I had them keep track of their time for a week so I could add up how much they worked and slept, and I interviewed them about their strategies, for my book.
我让她们记录了一星期的行程，计算她们工作和睡觉的时间，为了我的书，我还采访 了解了她们的常用策略。
One of the women whose time log I studied goes out on a Wednesday night for something. She comes home to find that her water heater has broken, and there is now water all over her basement. If you've ever had anything like this happen to you, you know it is a hugely damaging, frightening, sopping mess.
其中一个被我研究过时间表的女士，在一个周三晚上出去了一趟，回家发现她的热水器坏了，地下室都被水淹了。如果你也遇到过这种事儿的话，你会知道眼前的景象多么令人崩溃和沮丧。
So she's dealing with the immediate aftermath that night, next day she's got plumbers coming in, day after that, professional cleaning crew dealing with the ruined carpet. All this is being recorded on her time log. Winds up taking seven hours of her week. Seven hours. That's like finding an extra hour in the day.
于是那个晚上她立刻着手处理，第二天她找了一个水管工，第三天找了专业的清理人员 来处理损坏的地毯。所有这些都算在了她的时间表内。总共花了她一周中的七个小时。七个小时。这就等于一周七天每天都要挤出一个小时。
But I'm sure if you had asked her at the start of the week, "Could you find seven hours to train for a triathlon?" "Could you find seven hours to mentor seven worthy people?" I'm sure she would've said what most of us would've said, which is, "No -- can't you see how busy I am?" Yet when she had to find seven hours because there is water all over her basement, she found seven hours.
但是假如你在这一周刚开始时就问她，“你能在这周抽出七个小时来参加铁人三项吗?”，“你能在这周抽出七个小时指导七个有潜力的人吗?“ 我确定她会像大多数人一样， 说，”怎么可能，你看不出我有多忙吗?“ 但是她最后不得不抽出七个小时，因为她的地下室都被水淹了， 她挤出了这七个小时。
And what this shows us is that time is highly elastic. We cannot make more time, but time will stretch to accommodate what we choose to put into it.
这件事告诉我们：时间是有弹性的。我们不能创造更多时间，但是时间会自己调整去适应我们选择去做的事情。
And so the key to time management is treating our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater. To get at this, I like to use language from one of the busiest people I ever interviewed. By busy, I mean she was running a small business with 12 people on the payroll, she had six children in her spare time.
所以时间管理的关键，就是对待最重要的事情应该像对待那个坏了的热水器一样。要做到这一点，我要借用我采访过最忙的人的话。她经营着一个小企业，请了十二名员工，空余时间她还要照顾六个孩子。
I was getting in touch with her to set up an interview on how she "had it all" -- that phrase. I remember it was a Thursday morning, and she was not available to speak with me. Of course, right?
我联系上了她，想要采访她关于她是怎么做到“无所不能”的。我记得那是一个星期四的早晨，她没时间和我说话。当然了，她很忙。
But the reason she was unavailable to speak with me is that she was out for a hike, because it was a beautiful spring morning, and she wanted to go for a hike. So of course this makes me even more intrigued, and when I finally do catch up with her, she explains it like this. She says, "Listen Laura, everything I do, every minute I spend, is my choice."
但是她没时间和我说话的原因是，她去远足了。因为那是春季一个美丽的清晨，所以她去远足了。这样的她让我变得更感兴趣了，当我最终联系上她时，她说：“听我说，劳拉，我做的所有的事情，我花的每分每秒，都是我的选择。
And rather than say, "I don't have time to do x, y or z," she'd say, "I don't do x, y or z because it's not a priority." "I don't have time," often means "It's not a priority."
”所以与其说， ”我没有时间做这个，这个，或者那个。” 她会说：”我不做这些事情因为这些不是我的首要任务。““我没有时间”的意思通常是 ”那不是我的首要任务”。
If you think about it, that's really more accurate language. I could tell you I don't have time to dust my blinds, but that's not true. If you offered to pay me $100,000 to dust my blinds, I would get to it pretty quickly.
其实你想想， 那的确是更准确的说法。我可能会告诉你我没有时间清理百叶窗，但那不是真的。假如你愿意付我10万美金让我给百叶窗除尘，我会马上就去做。 (笑声)
Since that is not going to happen, I can acknowledge this is not a matter of lacking time; it's that I don't want to do it. Using this language reminds us that time is a choice. And granted, there may be horrible consequences for making different choices, I will give you that.
既然那不可能发生，我可以说不是因为时间不够，而是我不想做。这么说提醒了我们， 时间是一种选择。我会告诉你，当然，不同的选择有时候会带来可怕的后果。
But we are smart people, and certainly over the long run, we have the power to fill our lives with the things that deserve to be there.
但是我们都是聪明人，从长远来看，我们有能力去选择一些值得做的事，来填补我们生命中的时间。那么我们应该怎么做呢?
So how do we do that? How do we treat our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater?
我们要如何像对待那个坏了的热水器一样对待我们的首要任务?首先，我们需要找出哪些事最重要。
Well, first we need to figure out what they are. I want to give you two strategies for thinking about this.The first, on the professional side: I'm sure many people coming up to the end of the year are giving or getting annual performance reviews. You look back over your successes over the year, your "opportunities for growth." And this serves its purpose, but I find it's more effective to do this looking forward.
我想给你们分享两个技巧。第一个，从职业的角度来说：我相信许多人在年底的时候，会发出或者收到年度绩效审查。你回头看看这一年的成功和 “成长的机会”。这的确起到了它的作用，但是我发现往前看会更有效。
So I want you to pretend it's the end of next year. You're giving yourself a performance review,and it has been an absolutely amazing year for you professionally. What three to five things did you do that made it so amazing? So you can write next year's performance review now.
我想让你们把这当做下一年的年底。你在给自己做年度绩效审查，在专业方面，这一年的表现非常出众。是哪三到五件事使这一年变得如此出众?你现在就可以写明年的绩效审查。
And you can do this for your personal life, too. I'm sure many of you, like me, come December, get cards that contain these folded up sheets of colored paper, on which is written what is known as the family holiday letter.
你也可以在个人生活方面这么做。我相信你们许多人，包括我，在十二月，都会收到这种夹着彩色纸的卡片。上面写着“家庭假日信件”。
Bit of a wretched genre of literature, really, going on about how amazing everyone in the household is,or even more scintillating, how busy everyone in the household is. But these letters serve a purpose,which is that they tell your friends and family what you did in your personal life that mattered to you over the year.
听起来像是一个挺悲惨的文学题材，谈论家里每个人有多了不起，或者更精彩点，家里每个人有多忙。但是这些信有它们的用处，它们告诉你的朋友和家人你这一年里做了什么对个人生活有意义的事。
So this year's kind of done, but I want you to pretend it's the end of next year, and it has been an absolutely amazing year for you and the people you care about. What three to five things did you do that made it so amazing? So you can write next year's family holiday letter now. Don't send it.
那么今年快要结束了，我想让你假装这是明年的年底，对你和你在乎的人来说，这都是无与伦比的一年。哪三到五件事让你这一年表现如此出色?其实你现在就可以写明年的家庭假日信件了。先不要发出去。
Please, don't send it. But you can write it. And now, between the performance review and the family holiday letter, we have a list of six to ten goals we can work on in the next year.
真的，不要发出去。但是你可以写。现在，有了绩效评估和写给家人的信，我们就有了六到十个明年可以努力的目标。我们需要先把他们分成可行的阶段性任务。
And now we need to break these down into doable steps. So maybe you want to write a family history.First, you can read some other family histories, get a sense for the style. Then maybe think about the questions you want to ask your relatives, set up appointments to interview them. Or maybe you want to run a 5K. So you need to find a race and sign up, figure out a training plan, and dig those shoes out of the back of the closet.
或许你要写一个家族传记。首先吗，你可以读读别人的家族历史，了解一下大概的风格 然后可以想象你要问亲戚的问题，约定和他们见面谈话的时间。或者你想要参加一个五千米的短程马拉松。你需要先找一个竞赛报名，再做一个培训计划，从衣柜底下翻出你的运动鞋。
And then -- this is key -- we treat our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater, by putting them into our schedules first. We do this by thinking through our weeks before we are in them.
然后——这是关键——我们将我们的首要事件视为那个坏掉的热水器，将它们优先放入我们的日程表里。我们要在事情发生的几周前就先想好。
I find a really good time to do this is Friday afternoons. Friday afternoon is what an economist might calla "low opportunity cost" time. Most of us are not sitting there on Friday afternoons saying, "I am excited to make progress toward my personal and professional priorities right now."
我发现周五的下午最适合处理这事儿。周五的下午是被经济学家称为“低机会成本”时间。我们大部分人不会在周五下午想着，“我要朝我的个人和职业生涯的首要事件迈进了， 所以很兴奋。“
But we are willing to think about what those should be. So take a little bit of time Friday afternoon, make yourself a three-category priority list: career, relationships, self. Making a three-category list reminds usthat there should be something in all three categories.
但是我们愿意去想那些事是什么。所以在周五下午花一点时间，为自己做一个分成三类的首要事件的列表：事业、人际关系、个人。这样的三项分类列表提醒了我们每一个类别都应该有一些事。
Career, we think about; relationships, self -- not so much. But anyway, just a short list, two to three items in each. Then look out over the whole of the next week, and see where you can plan them in.
事业，我们经常考虑;人际关系，个人——很少会想。无论如何，只要一个短短的列表，每个都包含两到三件事。它们会帮助我们看清下周，如何在下周计划这些事情。你可以决定如何计划。
Where you plan them in is up to you. I know this is going to be more complicated for some people than others. I mean, some people's lives are just harder than others. It is not going to be easy to find time to take that poetry class if you are caring for multiple children on your own. I get that. And I don't want to minimize anyone's struggle. But I do think that the numbers I am about to tell you are empowering.
这可能对一些人来说会比较困难一点。我的意思是，有些人的人生就是比较复杂。如果你自己有好几个要照顾的小孩，想要找时间去参加诗歌班一定不容易。我懂。我不想轻视任何人的困难。但是我觉得我接下来要说的数字，是会改变你的想法的。
There are 168 hours in a week. Twenty-four times seven is 168 hours. That is a lot of time. If you are working a full-time job, so 40 hours a week, sleeping eight hours a night, so 56 hours a week -- that leaves 72 hours for other things. That is a lot of time.
我们每周都有168个小时，24乘以7是168个小时。这是一段很长时间。假如你有一个全职的工作，一周是40个小时，每晚睡八个小时，一周是56个小时，我们有剩下72个小时来做其他事情。这是一段很长的时间。
You say you're working 50 hours a week, maybe a main job and a side hustle. Well, that leaves 62 hours for other things. You say you're working 60 hours. Well, that leaves 52 hours for other things. You say you're working more than 60 hours. Well, are you sure?
假如你说你每周工作50个小时，比如一份全职和一份兼职。这样你还是有60小时去做其他的事情。假如你说你每周工作60个小时，你还是有52个小时去做其他的事情。你说你每周工作超过60个小时，你确定吗?
There was once a study comparing people's estimated work weeks with time diaries. They found that people claiming 75-plus-hour work weeks were off by about 25 hours.
曾经有一个研究对比了人们估计的工作时间，和实际的工作日记。他们发现那些表示工作超过75小时的人，有25小时的误差。
You can guess in which direction, right? Anyway, in 168 hours a week, I think we can find time for what *** to you.
你可以猜到这个误差是多了还是少了吧?无论如何，在一周的168个小时里，我觉得我们总可以找到时间做我们想做的事。
If you want to spend more time with your kids, you want to study more for a test you're taking, you want to exercise for three hours and volunteer for two, you can. And that's even if you're working way more than full-time hours.
如果你想花时间陪陪你的孩子，或者准备你即将到来的考试，你想锻炼两三个小时或者 做两个小时志愿者，你都可以的。即便你的工作时间远超过法定时间。
So we have plenty of time, which is great, because guess what? We don't even need that much time to do amazing things. But when most of us have bits of time, what do we do? Pull out the phone, right?Start deleting emails. Otherwise, we're puttering around the house or watching TV.
所以我们有很多时间，这很好。但是你知道吗?我们根本不需要那么多时间去完成一个大目标。但当我们有一点空闲时间的时候，我们会做什么?拿出手机，是吧?开始删除邮件。或者在家里闲逛，看电视。
But small moments can have great power. You can use your bits of time for bits of joy. Maybe it's choosing to read something wonderful on the bus on the way to work.
但是每个不起眼的时刻都潜力无限。你可以用零星的时间，来获得零星的快乐。比如说在去上班的公车上读一些精彩的东西。
I know when I had a job that required two bus rides and a subway ride every morning, I used to go to the library on weekends to get stuff to read. It made the whole experience almost, almost, enjoyable. Breaks at work can be used for meditating or praying. If family dinner is out because of your crazy work schedule, maybe family breakfast could be a good substitute.
当我以前的工作需要我每天早上乘两趟公车和一趟地铁的时候，我周末会去图书馆找东西来读。这几乎，几乎让我的生活更丰富了。工作间隙的休息时间可以用来冥想或者祷告。如果你因为工作忙而不能吃家庭晚餐，试一下家庭早餐。
It's about looking at the whole of one's time and seeing where the good stuff can go. I truly believe this.There is time. Even if we are busy, we have time for what ***. And when we focus on what ***, we can build the lives we want in the time we've got.
这就是看着一个人所有的时间，然后找到什么时候可以做想做的事。我真的相信，我们都有充分的时间。就算我们很忙，我们仍然有时间去做重要的事。当我们关注在重要的事上时，我们可以用所拥有的时间创造我们想要的生活。
Thank you.
谢谢。
I said, "You're thinking about this just way too early." But the point is that what happens once you start kind of quietly leaning back? Everyone who's been through this — and I'm here to tell you, once you have a child at home, your job better be really good to go back, because it's hard to leave that kid at home. Your job needs to be challenging. It needs to be rewarding. You need to feel like you're making a difference. And if two years ago you didn't take a promotion and some guy next to you did, if three years ago you stopped looking for new opportunities,you're going to be bored because you should have kept your foot on the gas pedal. Don't leave before you leave. Stay in. Keep your foot on the gas pedal, until the very day you need to leave to take a break for a child — and then make your decisions. Don't make decisions too far in advance, particularly ones you're not even conscious you're making.
How many of you are tired of seeingcelebrities adopting kids from the African continent?
你们之中有多少人已经对那些从非洲领养小孩的明星而感到厌倦了?
Well, it's not all that bad. I was adopted.I grew up in rural Uganda, lost both my parents when I was very, very young.And when my parents passed, I experienced all the negative effects of poverty,from homelessness, eating out of trash piles, you name it.
嗯，那也不全是坏事。我就是被其中领养的一员。我在乌干达的郊区长大，在我很小的时候，我的父母就去世了。在我父母离世之后，我经历了所有贫困带来的困难，从无家可归，到捡食路边的垃圾，所有你能想得到的。
But my life changed when I got acceptedinto an orphanage. Through one of those sponsor-an-orphan programs, I wassponsored and given an opportunity to acquire an education. I started off inUganda. I went through school, and the way this particular program worked, youfinished high school and after high school, you go learn a trade -- to become acarpenter, a mechanic or something along those lines.
但自从我被一家孤儿院收养 我的生活就发生了巨变。通过孤儿院的一个补助项目，我获得了接受教育的机会，以及相应的资助。一开始是在乌干达。我去了学校念书，而根据这个项目的运作流程，他们会在你读完高中以后，送你去学一门手艺，比如木匠，或者机修工或者其他的一些专业技术。
My case was a little different. The sponsorfamily that was sending these 25 dollars a month to this orphanage to sponsorme, which -- I had never met them -- said, "Well ... we would like to sendyou to college instead." Oh -- it gets better.
而我的情况却有所不同。每个月我会在孤儿院收到25美元补助。这钱来自资助我的家庭，我从未见过他们他们说，“我们希望资助你去上大学” 哦，那再好不过了。
And they said, "If you get thepaperwork, we'll send you to school in America instead." So with theirhelp, I went to the embassy and applied for the visa. I got the visa.
他们还说：“如果你能通过申请 我们会把你送到美国的大学读书。“ 所以，在他们的帮助下，我去***申请了签证。并且通过了签证。
I remember this day like it was yesterday.I walked out of the embassy with this piece of paper in my hand, a hop in mystep, smile on my face, knowing that my life is about to change. I went homethat night, and I slept with my passport, because I was afraid that someonemight steal it.
那一天对我来说就像昨天一样。我拿着手里的文件走出***，一路蹦跳，难掩笑意，我明白我的生活将不复从前。那天晚上我回到家里，抱着我的护照睡着了，因为我担心有人会把它偷走。
I couldn't fall asleep. I kept feeling it.I had a good idea for security. I was like, "OK, I'm going to put it in aplastic bag, and take it outside and dig a hole, and put it in there." Idid that, went back in the house. I could not fall asleep. I was like,"Maybe someone saw me." I went back --
而我辗转反侧。那念头依然挥之不去。我突然想到了一个万全的主意。我说：”好吧，我可以把它放进一个塑料袋里然后在外面地上挖一个洞，把袋子放进去。” 我真的做了，然后又回到屋子里。但我依然无眠，我想，“也许有人看到我了。” 我又回去了
I pulled it out, and I put it with me theentire night -- all to say that it was an anxiety-filled night.
我把袋子拿出来，然后抓着它度过了一宿 我只想说那真是焦虑的一晚。
Going to the US was, just like anotherspeaker said, was my first time to see a plane, be on one, let alone sit on itto fly to another country. December 15, 20xx. 7:08pm. I sat in seat 7A. FlyEmirates. One of the most gorgeous, beautiful women I've ever seen walked up,red little hat with a white veil. I'm looking terrified, I have no idea whatI'm doing. She hands me this warm towel -- warm, steamy, snow white. I'mlooking at this warm towel; I don't know what to do with my life, let alonewith this damn towel --
来到美国的感受，和其他初来乍到的人一样 那是我第一次坐飞机，坐在座位上，飞向另一个国家。20xx年12月15日 晚上7点08分 我坐在7A座位上。乘坐阿联酋航班。一个我有生以来见过的最美的女人朝我走来，她戴着红色的帽子和白色的口罩。我真的吓坏了，我简直手足无措。她递给我一张温热的纸巾 温暖，湿润，白净如雪。我盯着这张温暖的纸巾; 我都不知道我该拿我的生活怎么办，更别说这张纸巾了
I did one of the -- you know, anythinganyone could do in that situation: look around, see what everyone else isdoing. I did the same. Mind you, I drove about seven hours from my village tothe airport that day. So I grab this warm towel, wipe my face just likeeveryone else is doing, I look at it -- damn.
我做了一件——你懂的，任何人都会做的事：我环顾四周，看其他人的举动。然后我也跟着他们做。顺便一提，从村子到机场，那一天我开了7个小时的车。所以我拿起那张温暖的纸，效仿着别人擦拭了自己的脸，我看了看纸巾——该死。
It was all dirt brown.I remember being so embarrassed that whenshe came by to pick it up, I didn't give mine.I still have it.
已经变成屎黄色了。我记得我是那么的尴尬，以至于当她来回收纸巾的时候，我没好意思给她。我现在都还带着它。
Going to America opened doors for me tolive up to my full God-given potential. I remember when I arrived, the sponsorfamily embraced me, and they literally had to teach me everything from scratch:this is a microwave, that's a refrigerator -- things I'd never seen before. Andit was also the first time I got immersed into a new and different culture.These strangers showed me true love. These strangers showed me that I mattered,that my dreams mattered.Thank you.
美国向我敞开了大门让我能够发挥自己最大的潜力。我记得我刚到的时候，我的资助家庭迎接了我，然后他们就把一切从头开始教给我：这是一个微波炉，那是一个冰箱——那些都是我以前闻所未闻的东西。那也是我第一次 被放置在全新的文化环境当中。这些陌生人向我展示了真正的关爱。这些陌生人让我明白，我很重要 我的梦想很重要。谢谢。
These individuals had two of their ownbiological children. And when I came in, I had needs. They had to teach meEnglish, teach me literally everything, which resulted in them spending a lotof time with me. And that created a little bit of jealousy with their children.So, if you're a parent in this room, and you have those teenager children whodon't want anything to do with your love and affection -- in fact, they find itrepulsive -- I got a solution: adopt a child.
他们有两个亲生孩子。当我走进他们家庭的时候，我急需帮助。他们要教我英文，教我几乎所有的事情，这导致他们要在我的身上 花费很多的精力。而这致使他们的亲生孩子对我产生了一丝妒忌。所以，如果你们有人是家长，而你又有这样一群青少年小孩 他们对你们的爱和关心置若罔闻 事实上，还对你们很冷淡 我有一个办法： 领养一个孩子。
It will solve the problem.
问题就会迎刃而解。
I went on to acquire two engineeringdegrees from one of the best institutions in the world. I've got to tell you:talent is universal, but opportunities are not. And I credit this to theindividuals who embrace multiculturalism, love, empathy and compassion forothers. We live in a world filled with hate: building walls, Brexit, xenophobiahere on the African continent. Multiculturalism can be an answer to many ofthese worst human qualities.
在一所世界一流学府中 我*得了两个工程师学位。我必须要说： 天赋人人都有，但机会一缘难求。我想要赞美 那些拥抱多元文化的人，那些关爱，理解并且同情他人的人。我们生活在一个充满憎恨的世界上：高筑围墙，英国脱欧，非洲大陆的仇外心理。而这些人类最负面的东西 都可以被多元文化海涵。
Today, I challenge you to help a youngchild experience multiculturalism. I guarantee you that will enrich their life,and in turn, it will enrich yours. And as a bonus, one of them may even give aTED Talk.
今天，我挑战你们在座的观众们 去帮助一个年轻的孩子 感受多元文化的魅力。我保证那会充实他的生活，作为回报，你们的生活也会得到升华。而作为奖励，他们其中之一也许还会在TED演讲。
We may not be able to solve the bigotry andthe racism of this world today, but certainly we can raise children to create apositive, inclusive, connected world full of empathy, love and compassion.
我们也许无力解决 当今社会的种族歧视与偏见，但我们完全可以引导我们的孩子 去创建一个积极的，包容的，紧密相连的世界。那里将充满理解，关爱，同情。
Love wins.Thank you.
真爱无敌。谢谢
——TED英语演讲稿优秀3篇
Why does this matter? Boy, it * a lot. Because no one gets to the corner office by sitting on the side, not at the table, and no one gets the promotion if they dont think they deserve their success, or they dont even understand their own success.I wish the answer were easy. I wish I could go tell all the young women I work for, these fabulous women,"Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself. Own your own success." I wish I could tell that to my daughter. But its not that simple. Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing, which is that success and likeability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women. And everyones nodding, because we all know this to be true.Theres a really good study that shows this really well. Theres a famous Harvard Business School studyon a woman named Heidi Roizen. And shes an operator in a company in Silicon Valley, and she uses her contacts to become a very successful venture capitalist.
I gave this talk at Facebook not so long ago to about 100 employees, and a couple hours later, there was a young woman who works there sitting outside my little desk, and she wanted to talk to me. I said, okay, and she sat down, and we talked. And she said, "I learned something today. I learned that I need to keep my hand up." "What do you mean?"She said, "Youre giving this talk, and you said you would take two more questions. I had my hand up with many other people, and you took two more questions. I put my hand down, and I noticed all the women did the same, and then you took more questions, only from the men." And I thought to myself,"Wow, if its me — who cares about this, obviously — giving this talk — and during this talk.
The problem with these stories is that they show what the data shows: women systematically underestimate their own abilities. If you test men and women, and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs, men get it wrong slightly high, and women get it wrong slightly low. Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce. A study in the last two years of people entering the workforce out of college showed that 57 percent of boys entering, or men, I guess, are negotiating their first salary, and only seven percent of women. And most importantly, men attribute their success to themselves, and women attribute it to other external factors. If you ask men why they did a good job,theyll say, "Im awesome. Obviously. Why are you even asking?" If you ask women why they did a good job, what theyll say is someone helped them, they got lucky, they worked really hard.
——经典TED英语演讲稿 (菁华6篇)
They know each other more in the biblical sense as well. Message number three: Dont leave before you leave. I think theres a really deep irony to the fact that actions women are taking — and I see this all the time — with the objective of staying in the workforceactually lead to their eventually leaving. Heres what happens: Were all busy. Everyones busy. A womans busy. And she starts thinking about having a child, and from the moment she starts thinking about having a child, she starts thinking about making room for that child. "How am I going to fit this into everything else Im doing?" And literally from that moment, she doesnt raise her hand anymore, she doesnt look for a promotion, she doesnt take on the new project, she doesnt say, "Me. I want to do that." She starts leaning back.
The problem with these stories is that they show what the data shows: women systematically underestimate their own abilities. If you test men and women, and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs, men get it wrong slightly high, and women get it wrong slightly low. Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce. A study in the last two years of people entering the workforce out of college showed that 57 percent of boys entering, or men, I guess, are negotiating their first salary, and only seven percent of women. And most importantly, men attribute their success to themselves, and women attribute it to other external factors. If you ask men why they did a good job,they'll say, "I'm awesome. Obviously. Why are you even asking?" If you ask women why they did a good job, what they'll say is someone helped them, they got lucky, they worked really hard.
When you are a kid, you get asked this one particular question a lot, it really gets kind of annoying. What do you want to be when you grow up? Now, *s are hoping for answers like, I want to be an astronaut or I want to be a neurosurgeon, you’re *s in your imaginations.
Kids, they’re most likely to answer with pro-skateboarder, surfer or minecraft player. I asked my little brother, and he said, seriously dude, I’m 10, I have no idea, probably a pro-skier, let’s go get some ice cream.
See, us kids are going to answer something we’re stoked on, what we think is cool, what we have experience with, and that’s typically the opposite of what *s want to hear.
But if you ask a little kid, sometimes you’ll get the best answer, something so simple, so obvious and really profound. When I grow up, I want to be happy.
For me, when I grow up, I want to continue to be happy like I am now. I’m stoked to be here at TedEx, I mean, I’ve been watching Ted videos for as long as I can remember, but I never thought I’d make it on the stage here so soon. I mean, I just became a teenager, and like most teenage boys, I spend most of my time wondering, how did my room get so messy all on its own.
Did I take a shower today? And the most perplexing of all, how do I get girls to like me? Neurosciences say that the teenage brain is pretty weird, our prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped, but we actually have more neurons than *s, which is why we can be so creative, and impulsive and moody and get bummed out.
But what bums me out is to know that, a lot of kids today are just wishing to be happy, to be healthy, to be safe, not bullied, and be loved for who they are. So it seems to me when *s say, what do you want to be when you grow up? They just assume that you’ll automatically be happy and healthy.
Well, maybe that’s not the case, go to school, go to college, get a job, get married, boom, then you’ll be happy, right? You don’t seem to make learning how to be happy and healthy a priority in our schools, it’s separate from schools. And for some kids, it doesn’t exists at all? But what if we didn’t make it separate? What if we based education on the study and practice of being happy and healthy, because that’s what it is, a practice, and a simple practice at that?
Education is important, but why is being happy and healthy not considered education, I just don’t get it. So I’ve been studying the science of being happy and healthy. It really comes down to practicing these eight things. Exercise, diet and nutrition, time in nature, contribution, service to others, relationships, recreation, relaxation and stress management, and religious or spiritual involvement, yes, got that one.
So these eight things come from Dr. Roger Walsh, he calls them Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes or TLCs for short. He is a scientist that studies how to be happy and healthy. In researching this talk, I got a chance to ask him a few questions like; do you think that our schools today are making these eight TLCs a priority? His response was no surprise, it was essentially no. But he did say that many people do try to get this kind of education outside of the traditional arena, through reading and practices such as meditation or yoga.
But what I thought was his best response was that, much of education is oriented for better or worse towards making a living rather than making a life.
In 2006, Sir Ken Robinson gave the most popular Ted talk of all time. Schools kill creativity. His message is that creativity is as important as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.
A lot of parents watched those videos, some of those parents like mine counted it as one of the reasons they felt confident to pull their kids from traditional school to try something different. I realized I’m part of this small, but growing revolution of kids who are going about their education differently, and you know what? It freaks a lot of people out.
Even though I was only nine, when my parents pulled me out of the school system, I can still remember my mom being in tears when some of her friends told her she was crazy and it was a stupid idea.
Looking back, I’m thankful she didn’t cave to peer pressure, and I think she is too. So, out of the 200 million people that have watched Sir Ken Robinson’s talk, why aren’t there more kids like me out there?
Shane McConkey is my hero. I loved him because he was the world’s best skier. But then, one day I realized what I really loved about Shane, he was a hacker. Not a com*r hacker, he hacked skiing. His creativity and inventions made skiing what it is today, and why I love to ski. A lot of people think of hackers as geeky com*r nerds who live in their parent’s basement and spread com*r viruses, but I don’t see it that way.
Have you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part of how you think? Maybe even part of who you are as a person? Well I’ve had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning? Now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school. And if you learn really fast, you probably wouldn’t have to go to school at all.
Now, when I was young, school was sort of okay but I found quite often that school got in the way of learning so I had this question in mind: how do you learn faster? And this began when I was very, very young, when I was about eleven years old I wrote a letter to researchers in the Soviet Union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed and it turns on in the middle of the night when you’re sleeping, and you’re supposed to be learning from this.
A good idea, unfortunately it doesn’t work. But, hypnopaedia did open the doors to research in other areas and we’ve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question. I went on from there to become passionate about psychology and I have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until this point. In 1981 I took myself to China and I decided that I was going to be native level in Chinese inside two years.
Now, you need to understand that in 1981, everybody thought Chinese was really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it. And I also went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and ap*ing them to the learning process. What was really cool was that in six months I was fluent in Mandarin Chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. But I looked around and I saw all of these people from different countries struggling terribly with Chinese, I saw Chinese people struggling terribly to learn English and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal * learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?
Now this a really, really important question in today’s world. We have massive challenges with environment we have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things going on and if we can’t communicate we’re really going to have difficulty solving these problems. So we need to be able to speak each other’s languages, this is really, really important.
The question then is how do you do that. Well, it’s actually really easy. You look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where it’s already working and then you identify the principles and ap* them. It’s called modelling and I’ve been looking at language learning and modelling language learning for about fifteen to twenty years now.
And my conclusion, my observation from this is that any * can learn a second language to fluency inside six months. Now when I say this, most people think I’m crazy, this is not possible. So let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, it’s all about expanding our limits.
In 1950 everybody believed that running one mile in four minutes was impossible and then Roger Bannister did it in 1956 and from there it’s got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesn’t fly. Except it does and we all know this. How does heavy stuff fly? We reorganise the materials using principles that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this case. And today we’ve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. You can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand US dollars. We now have cars in the world that can fly. And there’s a different way to fly that we’ve learned from squirrels. So all you need to do is copy what a flying squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel.
No, most people, a lot of people, I wouldn’t say everybody but a lot of people think they can’t draw. However there are some key principles, five principles that you can ap* to learning to draw and you can 2 actually learn to draw in five days. So, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and ap* them and after five days you can draw something like this. Now I know this is true because that was my first drawing and after five days of ap*ing these principles that was what I was able to do. And I looked at this and I went ‘wow,’ so that’s how I look like when I’m concentrating so intensely that my brain is exploding. So, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a second language in six months.
When I was nine years old I went off to summer camp for the first time。 And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books， which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do。 Because in my family， reading was the primary group activity。 And this might sound antisocial to you， but for us it was really just a different way of being social。 You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you， but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland inside your own mind。 And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this， but better。 （Laughter） I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns。
当我九岁的时候 我第一次去参加夏令营 我妈妈帮我整理好了我的行李箱 里面塞满了书 这对于我来说是一件极为自然的事情 因为在我的家庭里 阅读是主要的家庭活动 听上去你们可能觉得我们是不爱交际的 但是对于我的家庭来说这真的只是接触社会的另一种途径 你们有自己家庭接触时的温暖亲情 家人*在你身边 但是你也可以自由地漫游 在你思维深处的冒险乐园里我有一个想法 野营会变得像这样子，当然要更好些 （笑声） 我想象到十个女孩坐在一个小屋里 都穿着合身的女式睡衣惬意地享受着读书的过程
（Laughter）
（笑声）
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol。 And on the very first day our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit。 And it went like this： "R—O—W—D—I—E， that's the way we spell rowdie。 Rowdie， rowdie， let's get rowdie。" Yeah。 So I couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy， or why we had to spell this word incorrectly。 （Laughter） But I recited a cheer。 I recited a cheer along with everybody else。 I did my best。 And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books。
野营这时更像是一个不提供酒水的派对聚会 在第一天的时候呢 我们的顾问把我们都集合在一起 并且她教会了我们一种今后要用到的庆祝方式 在余下夏令营的每一天中 让“露营精神”浸润我们 之后它就像这样继续着 R—O—W—D—I—E 这是我们拼写“吵闹"的口号 我们唱着“噪音，喧闹，我们要变得吵一点” 对，就是这样 可我就是弄不明白我的生活会是什么样的 为什么我们变得这么吵闹粗暴 或者为什么我们非要把这个单词错误地拼写 （笑声） 但是我可没有忘记庆祝。我与每个人都互相欢呼庆祝了 我尽了我最大的努力 我只是想等待那一刻 我可以离开吵闹的聚会去捧起我挚爱的书
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase， the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me， "Why are you being so mellow？" —— mellow， of course， being the exact opposite of R—O—W—D—I—E。 And then the second time I tried it， the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing。
但是当我第一次把书从行李箱中拿出来的时候 床铺中最酷的那个女孩向我走了过来 并且她问我：“为什么你要这么安静？” 安静，当然，是R—O—W—D—I—E的反义词 “喧闹”的反义词 而当我第二次拿书的时候 我们的顾问满脸忧虑的向我走了过来 接着她重复了关于“露营精神”的要点并且说我们都应当努力 去变得外向些
And so I put my books away， back in their suitcase， and I put them under my bed， and there they stayed for the rest of the summer。 And I felt kind of guilty about this。 I felt as if the books needed me somehow， and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them。But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer。
于是我放好我的书 放回了属于它们的行李箱中 并且我把它们放到了床底下 在那里它们度过了暑假余下的每一天 我对这样做感到很愧疚 不知为什么我感觉这些书是需要我的 它们在呼唤我，但是我却放弃了它们 我确实放下了它们，并且我再也没有打开那个箱子 直到我和我的家人一起回到家中 在夏末的时候
Now， I tell you this story about summer camp。 I could have told you 50 others just like it ——all the times that I got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of beingwas not necessarily the right way to go， that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert。 And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were。 But for years I denied this intuition， and so I became a Wall Street lawyer， of all things， instead of the writer that I had always longed to be —— partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too。 And I was always going off to crowded bars when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends。 And I made these self—negating choices so reflexively， that I wasn't even aware that I was making them。
现在，我向你们讲述这个夏令营的故事 我完全可以给你们讲出其他50种版本就像这个一样的故事—— 每当我感觉到这样的时候 它告诉我出于某种原因，我的宁静和内向的风格 并不是正确道路上的必需品 我应该更多地尝试一个外向者的角色 而在我内心深处感觉得到，这是错误的内向的人们都是非常优秀的，确实是这样 但是许多年来我都否认了这种直觉 于是我首先成为了华尔街的一名律师 而不是我长久以来想要成为的一名作家 一部分原因是因为我想要证明自己 也可以变得勇敢而坚定 并且我总是去那些拥挤的酒吧 当我只是想要和朋友们吃一顿愉快的晚餐时 我做出了这些自我否认的抉择 如条件反射一般 甚至我都不清楚我做出了这些决定
Now this is what many introverts do， and it's our loss for sure， but it is also our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss。 And at the risk of sounding grandiose， it is the world's loss。 Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership， we need introverts doing what they do best。 A third to a half of the population are introverts —— a third to a half。 So that's one out of every two or three people you know。 So even if you're an extrovert yourself， I'm talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your childrenand the person sitting next to you right now —— all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society。 We all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing。
这就是很多内向的人正在做的事情 这当然是我们的损失 但这同样也是同事们的损失 我们所在团队集体的损失 当然，冒着被指为夸大其词的风险我想说，更是世界的损失 因为当涉及创造和领导的时候 我们需要内向的人做到最好 三分之一到二分之一的人都是内向的—— 三分之一到二分之一 你要知道这可意味着每两到三个人中就有一个内向的 所以即使你自己是一个外向的人 我正在说你的同事 和你的配偶和你的孩子 还有现在正坐在你旁边的那个家伙—— 他们都要屈从于这样的偏见 一种在我们的社会中已经扎根的现实偏见 我们从很小的时候就把它藏在内心最深处 甚至都不说几句话，关于我们正在做的事情。
Now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is。 It's different from being shy。 Shyness is about fear of social judgment。 Introversion is more about， how do you respond to stimulation， including social stimulation。 So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation， whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched—on and their most capable when they're in quieter， more low—key environments。Not all the time —— these things aren't absolute —— but a lot of the time。 So the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us。
现在让我们来清楚地看待这种偏见 我们需要真正了解“内向”到底指什么 它和害羞是不同的 害羞是对于社会评论的恐惧 内向更多的是 你怎样对于刺激作出回应 包括来自社会的刺激 其实内向的人是很渴求大量的鼓舞和激励的 反之内向者最感觉到他们的存在 这是他们精力最充足的时候，最具有能力的时候 当他们存在于更安静的，更低调的环境中 并不是所有时候——这些事情都不是绝对的—— 但是存在于很多时候 所以说，关键在于 把我们的天赋发挥到最大化 这对于我们来说就足够把我们自己 放到对于我们正确又合适的激励的区域中去
But now here's where the bias comes in。 Our most important institutions， our schools and our workplaces， they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation。 And also we have this belief system right now that I call the new groupthink，which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place。
但是现在偏见出现了 我们最重要的那些体系 我们的学校和工作单位 它们都是为性格外向者设计的 并且有适合他们需要的刺激和鼓励 当然我们现在也有这样一种信用机制 我称它为新型的“团队思考” 这是一种包含所有创造力和生产力的思考方式 从一个社交非常零散的地方产生的
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays： When I was going to school， we sat in rows。 We sat in rows of desks like this， and we did most of our work pretty autonomously。But nowadays， your typical classroom has pods of desks —— four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other。 And kids are working in countless group assignments。 Even in subjects like math and creative writing， which you think would depend on solo flights of thought， kids are now expected to act as commi* members。 And for the kids who preferto go off by themselves or just to work alone， those kids are seen as outliers often or， worse， as problem cases。 And the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert， even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable， according to research。 （Laughter）
当你描绘今天典型教室的图案时 当我还上学的时候 我们一排排地坐着 我们靠着桌子一排排坐着就像这样 并且我们大多数工作都是自觉完成的 但是在现代社会，所谓典型的教室 是些圈起来并排的桌子—— 四个或是五个或是六、七个孩子坐在一起，面对面 孩子们要完成无数个小组任务 甚至像数学和创意写作这些课程 这些你们认为需要依靠个人闪光想法的课程 孩子们现在却被期待成为小组会的成员 对于那些喜欢 独处，或者自己一个人工作的孩子来说 这些孩子常常被视为局外人 或者更糟，被视为问题孩子 并且很大一部分老师的报告中都相信 最理想的学生应该是外向的 相对于内向的学生而言 甚至说外向的学生能够取得更好的成绩 更加博学多识据研究报道 （笑声）
Okay， same thing is true in our workplaces。 Now， most of us work in open plan offices，without walls， where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers。 And when it comes to leadership， introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions，even though introverts tend to be very careful， much less likely to take outsize risks ——which is something we might all favor nowadays。 And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do， because when they are managing proactive employees， they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas， whereas an extrovert can， quite unwittingly， get so excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things， and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface。
好了。同样的事情也发生在我们工作的地方 现在呢，我们中的绝大多数都工作在宽阔没有隔间的办公室里 甚至没有墙 在这里，我们暴露 在不断的噪音和我们同事的凝视目光下工作 而当谈及领袖气质的时候 内向的人总是按照惯例从领导的位置被忽视了 尽管内向的人是非常小心仔细的 很少去冒特大的风险—— 这些风险是今天我们可能都喜欢的 宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的亚当·格兰特教授做了一项很有意思的研究 这项研究表明内向的领导们 相对于外向领导而言总是会生产更大的效益 因为当他们管理主动积极的雇员的时候 他们更倾向于让有主见的雇员去自由发挥 反之外向的领导就可能，当然是不经意的 对于事情变得十分激动 他们在事务上有了自己想法的印迹 这使其他人的想法可能就不会很容易地 在舞台上发光了
Now in fact， some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts。 I'll give you some examples。 Eleanor Roosevelt， Rosa Parks， Gandhi —— all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft—spoken and even shy。 And they all took the spotlight， even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to。 And this turns out to have a special power all its own， because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm，not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;they were there because they had no choice， because they were driven to do what they thought was right。
事实上，历史上一些有改革能力的领袖都是内向的人 我会举一些例子给你们 埃莉诺·罗斯福，罗沙·帕克斯，甘地 —— 所有这些人都把自己描述成 内向，说话温柔甚至是害羞的人 他们仍然站在了聚光灯下 即使他们浑身上下 都感知他们说不要 这证明是一种属于它自身的特殊的力量因为人们都会感觉这些领导者同时是掌舵者 并不是因为他们喜欢指挥别人 抑或是享受众人目光的聚焦 他们处在那个位置因为他们没有选择 因为他们行驶在他们认为正确的道路上
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say that I actually love extroverts。 I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts， including my beloved husband。 And we all fall at different points， of course， along the introvert/extrovert spectrum。 Even Carl Jung， the psychologist who first popularized these terms， said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert。 He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum， if he existed at all。 And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum， and we call these people ambiverts。 And I often think that they have the best of all worlds。 But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other。
现在我觉得对于这点我有必要说 那就是我真的喜爱外向的人 我总是喜欢说我最好的几个朋友都是外向的人 包括我亲爱的丈夫 当然了我们都会在不同点时偏向 内向者/外向者的'范围 甚至是卡尔·荣格，这个让这些名词为大众所熟知的心理学家，说道 世上绝没有一个纯粹的内向的人 或者一个纯粹的外向的人 他说这样的人会在精神病院里 如果他存在的话 还有一些人处在中间的迹象 在内向与外向之间 我们称这些人为“中向性格者” 并且我总是认为他们拥有世界最美好的一切 但是我们中的大多数总是认为自己属于内向或者外向，其中一类
And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance。 We need more of a yin and yang between these two types。 This is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity， because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people， what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas， but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them。
同时我想说从文化意义上讲我们需要一种更好的*衡 我们需要更多的阴阳的*衡 在这两种类型的人之间 这点是极为重要的 当涉及创造力和生产力的时候 因为当心理学家们看待 最有创造力的人的生命的时候 他们寻找到的 是那些擅长变换思维的人 提出想法的人 但是他们同时也有着极为显著的偏内向的痕迹
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity。 So Darwin， he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations。Theodor Geisel， better known as Dr。 Seuss， he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in La Jolla， California。 And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus—like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona。 Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple com*r sitting alone in his cubical in Hewlett—Packard where he was working at the time。 And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up。
这是因为独处是非常关键的因素 对于创造力来说 所以达尔文 自己一个人漫步在小树林里 并且断然拒绝了晚餐派对的邀约 西奥多·盖索，更多时候以苏索博士的名号知名 他梦想过很多的惊人的创作 在他在加利福尼亚州拉霍亚市房子的后面的 一座孤独的束层的塔形办公室中 而且其实他很害怕见面 见那些读过他的书的年轻的孩子们 害怕他们会期待他 这样一位令人愉快的，圣诞老人形象的人物 同时又会因发现他含蓄缄默的性格而失望 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克发明了第一台苹果电脑 一个人独自坐在他的机柜旁 在他当时工作的惠普公司 并且他说他永远不会在那方面成为一号专家 但他还没因太内向到要离开那里 那个他成长起来的地方
Now of course， this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating —— and case in point， is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs to start Apple Com*r —— but it does mean that solitude * and that for some people it is the air that they breathe。 And in fact， we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude。 It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it。 If you look at most of the world's major religions， you will find seekers —— Moses， Jesus， Buddha， Muhammad ——seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community。 So no wilderness， no revelations。
当然了 这并不意味着我们都应该停止合作—— 恰当的例子呢，是史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克和史蒂夫·乔布斯的著名联手 创建苹果电脑公司—— 但是这并不意味着和独处有重大关系 并且对于一些人来说 这是他们赖以呼吸生存的空气 事实上，几个世纪以来我们已经非常明白 独处的卓越力量只是到了最*，非常奇怪，我们开始遗忘它了 如果你看看世界上主要的宗教 你会发现探寻者—— 摩西，耶稣，佛祖，那些独身去探寻的人们 在大自然的旷野中独处，思索 在那里，他们有了深刻的顿悟和对于奥义的揭示 之后他们把这些思想带回到社会的其他地方去没有旷原，没有启示
This is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology。 It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring， mimicking their opinions。 Even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you're attracted to， you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing。
尽管这并不令人惊讶 如果你注意到现代心理学的思想理论 它反映出来我们甚至不能和一组人待在一起 而不去本能地模仿他们的意见与想法 甚至是看上去私人的，发自内心的事情 像是你被谁所吸引 你会开始模仿你周围的人的信仰 甚至都觉察不到你自己在做什么
And groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room， even though there's zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas —— I mean zero。 So 。。。 （Laughter） You might be following the person with the best ideas， but you might not。 And do you really want to leave it up to chance？ Much better for everybody to go off by themselves， generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics， and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well—managed environment and take it from there。
还曾跟随群体的意见 跟随着房间里最具有统治力的，最有领袖气质的人的思路 虽然这真的没什么关系 在成为一个卓越的演讲家还是拥有最好的主意之间—— 我的意思是“零相关” 那么。。。（笑声） 你们或许会跟随有最好头脑的人 但是你们也许不会 可你们真的想把这机会扔掉吗？如果每个人都自己行动或许好得多 发掘他们自己的想法 没有群体动力学的曲解 接着来到一起组成一个团队 在一个良好管理的环境中互相交流 并且在那里学*别的思想
Now if all this is true， then why are we getting it so wrong？ Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces？ And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time？ One answer lies deep in our cultural history。 Western societies， and in particular the U。S。， have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and "man" of contemplation。 But in America's early days， we lived in what historians call a culture of character， where we still， at that point， valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude。 And if you look at the self—help books from this era， they all had titles with things like "Character， the Grandest Thing in the World。" And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming。 Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "A man who does not offend by superiority。"
如果说现在这一切都是真的 那么为什么我们还得到这样错误的结论？ 为什么我们要这样创立我们的学校，还有我们的工作单位？ 为什么我们要让这些内向的人觉得那么愧疚 。对于他们只是想要离开，一个人独处一段时间的事实？ 有一个答案在我们的文化史中埋藏已久 西方社会特别是在美国 总是偏爱有行动的人 而不是有深刻思考的人 有深刻思考的“人” 但是在美国早期的时候 我们生活在一个被历史学家称作“性格特征”的文化 那时我们仍然，在这点上，判断人们的价值 从人们的内涵和道义正直 而且如果你看一看这个时代关于自立的书籍的话 它们都有这样一种标题： “性格”，世界上最伟大的事物 并且它们以亚伯拉罕·林肯这样的为标榜 一个被形容为谦虚低调的男人 拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生称他是 “一个以‘优越’二字形容都不为过的人”
But then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality。 What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business。 And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities。And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives， now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers。 So， quite understandably， qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important。 And sure enough， the self—help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "How to Win Friends and Influence People。" And they feature as their role models really great salesmen。 So that's the world we're living in today。 That's our cultural inheritance。
但是接着我们来到了二十世纪 并且我们融入了一种新的文化 一种被历史学家称作“个性”的文化 所发生的改变就是我们从农业经济发展为 一个大商业经济的世界 而且人们突然开始搬迁从小的城镇搬向城市 并且一改他们之前的在生活中和所熟识的人们一起工作的方式 现在他们在一群陌生人中间有必要去证明自己 这样做是非常可以理解的 像领袖气质和个人魅力这样的品质 突然间似乎变得极为重要 那么可以肯定的是，自助自立的书的内容变更了以适应这些新的需求 并且它们开始拥有名称 像是《如何赢得朋友和影响他人》（戴尔？卡耐基所著《人性的弱点》） 他们的特点是做自己的榜样 不得不说确实是好的推销员 所以这就是我们今天生活的世界 这是我们的文化遗产
Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant， and I'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all。 The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust。 And the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together。 But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves， the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems。
现在没有谁能够说 社交技能是不重要的 并且我也不是想呼吁 大家废除团队合作模式 但仍是相同的宗教，却把他们的圣人送到了孤独的山顶上 仍然教导我们爱与信任 还有我们今天所要面对的问题 像是在科学和经济领域 是如此的巨大和复杂 以至于我们需要人们强有力地团结起来 共同解决这些问题 但是我想说，越给内向者自由让他们做自己 他们就做得越好 去想出他们独特的关于问题的解决办法
So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today。 Guess what？ Books。 I have a suitcase full of books。 Here's Margaret Atwood， "Cat's Eye。" Here's a novel by Milan Kundera。 And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed" by Maimonides。 But these are not exactly my books。 I brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors。
所以现在我很高兴同你们分享 我手提箱中的东西 猜猜是什么？ 书 我有一个手提箱里面装满了书 这是玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《猫的眼睛》 这是一本米兰·昆德拉的书 这是一本《迷途指津》 是迈蒙尼德写的 但这些实际上都不是我的书 我还是带着它们，陪伴着我 因为它们都是我祖父最喜爱的作家所写
My grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up， partly because it was filled with his very gentle， very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books。 I mean literally every table， every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books。 Just like the rest of my family， my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read。
我的祖父是一名犹太教祭司 他独身一人 在布鲁克林的一间小公寓中居住 那里是我从小到大在这个世界上最喜爱的地方 部分原因是他有着非常温和亲切的，温文尔雅的举止 部分原因是那里充满了书 我的意思是，毫不夸张地说，公寓中的每张桌子，每张椅子 都充分应用着它原有的功能 就是现在作为承载一大堆都在摇曳的书的表面 就像我其他的家庭成员一样 我祖父在这个世界上最喜欢做的事情就是阅读
But he also loved his congregation， and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi。 He would takes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought。 And people would come from all over to hear him speak。
但是他同样也热爱他的宗教 并且你们可以从他的讲述中感觉到他这种爱 这62年来每周他都作为一名犹太教的祭司 他会从每周的阅读中汲取养分 并且他会编织这些错综复杂的古代和人文主义的思想的挂毯 并且人们会从各个地方前来 听他的讲话
But here's the thing about my grandfather。 Underneath this ceremonial role， he was really modest and really introverted —— so much so that when he delivered these sermons， he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years。 And even away from the podium， when you called him to say hello， he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time。 But when he died at the age of 94， the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him。 And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way。
但是有这么一件关于我祖父的事情 在这个正式的角色下隐藏着 他是一个非常谦虚的非常内向的人 是那么的谦虚内向以至于当他在向人们讲述的时候 他都不敢有视线上的接触 和同样的教堂会众 他已经发言有62年了 甚至都还远离领奖台 当你们让他说“你好”的时候 他总会提早结束这对话 担心他会占用你太多的时间 但是当他94岁去世的时候 警察们需要封锁他所居住的街道邻里 来容纳拥挤的人们 前来哀悼他的人们 这些天来我都试着从我祖父的事例中学* 以我自己的方式
So I just published a book about introversion， and it took me about seven years to write。And for me， that seven years was like total bliss， because I was reading， I was writing， I was thinking， I was researching。 It was my version of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library。 But now all of a sudden my job is very different， and my job is to be out here talking about it， talking about introversion。 （Laughter） And that's a lot harder for me，because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now， this is not my natural milieu。
所以我就出版了一本关于内向性格的书 它花了我7年的时间完成它 而对我来说，这七年像是一种极大的喜悦 因为我在阅读，我在写作 我在思考，我在探寻 这是我的版本 对于爷爷一天中几个小时都要独自待在图书馆这件事 但是现在突然间我的工作变得很不同了 我的工作变成了站在这里讲述它 讲述内向的性格 （笑声） 而且这对于我来说是有一点困难的 因为我很荣幸 在现在被你们所有人所倾听 这可不是我自然的文化背景
So I prepared for moments like these as best I could。 I spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance I could get。 And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously。" （Laughter） And that actually helped a lot。 But I'll tell you， what helps even more is my sense， my belief， my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude， we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change。 I mean， we are。 And so I am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision。
所以我准备了一会就像这样 以我所能做到的最好的方式 我花了最*一年的时间练*在公共场合发言 在我能得到的每一个机会中 我把这一年称作我的“危险地发言的一年” （笑声） 而且它的确帮了我很大的忙 但是我要告诉你们一个帮我更大的忙的事情 那就是我的感觉，我的信仰，我的希望 当谈及我们态度的时候 对于内向性格的，对于安静，对于独处的态度时 我们确实是在急剧变化的边缘上保持微妙的*衡 我的意思是，我们在保持*衡 现在我将要给你们留下一些东西 三件对于你们的行动有帮助的事情 献给那些观看我的演讲的人
Number one： Stop the madness for constant group work。 Just stop it。 （Laughter） Thank you。 （Applause） And I want to be clear about what I'm saying， because I dee* believe our offices should be encouraging casual， chatty cafe—style types of interactions —— you know， the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas。That is great。 It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts。 But we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work。 School， same thing。We need to be teaching kids to work together， for sure， but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own。 This is especially important for extroverted children too。They need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part。
第一： 停止对于经常要团队协作的执迷与疯狂 停止它就好了 （笑声） 谢谢你们 （掌声） 我想让我所说的事情变得清晰一些 因为我对于我们的办公深信不疑 应该鼓励它们 那种休闲随意的，聊天似的咖啡厅式的相互作用—— 你们知道的，道不同不相为谋，人们聚到一起 并且互相交换着宝贵的意见 这是很棒的 这对于内向者很好，同样对于外向者也好 但是我们需要更多的隐私和更多的自由 还有更多对于我们本身工作的自* 对于学校，也是同样的。 我们当然需要教会孩子们要一起学*工作 但是我们同样需要教会孩子们怎么样独立完成任务 这对于外向的孩子们来说同样是极为重要的 他们需要独立完成工作 因为从某种程度上，这是他们深刻思考的来源
Okay， number two： Go to the wilderness。 Be like Buddha， have your own revelations。 I'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again， but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often。
好了，第二个：去到野外（打开思维） 就像佛祖一样，拥有你们自己对于事物的揭示启迪 我并不是说 我们都要跑去小树林里建造我们自己的小屋 并且之后就永远不和别人说话了 但是我要说我们都可以坚持去去除一些障碍物 然后深入我们自己的大脑思想 时不时得再深入一点
Number three： Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you put it there。 So extroverts， maybe your suitcases are also full of books。 Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment。 Whatever it is， I hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy。 But introverts， you being you， you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase。 And that's okay。 But occasionally， just occasionally， I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see， because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry。
第三点： 好好看一眼你的旅行箱内有什么东西 还有你为什么把它放进去 所以外向者们 也许你们的箱子内同样堆满了书 或者它们装满了香槟的玻璃酒杯 或者是跳伞运动的设备 不管它是什么，我希望每当你们有机会你们就把它拿出来 用你的能量和你的快乐让我们感受到美和享受 但是内向者们，你们作为内向者 你们很可能有仔细保护一切的冲动 在你箱子里的东西 这没有问题 但是偶尔地，只是说偶尔地 我希望你们可以打开你们的手提箱，让别人看一看 因为这个世界需要你们，同样需要你们身上所携带的你们特有的事物
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly。
所以对于你们即将走上的所有旅程，我都给予你们我最美好的祝愿 还有温柔地说话的勇气
Thank you。 Thank you。
非常感谢你们
（掌声）
人有了钱就会变坏？社会心理学家Paul Piff通过操纵大富翁游戏做了一个有趣的实验，测试人们感到富有时会如何表现。
I want you to， for a moment， think about playing a game of Monopoly， except in this game， that combination of skill， talent and luck that help earn you success in games， as in life， has been rendered irrelevant， because this game's been rigged， and you've got the upper hand。 You've got more money， more opportunities to move around the board， and more access to resources。 And as you think about that experience， I want you to ask yourself， how might that experience of being a privileged player in a rigged game change the way that you think about yourself and regard that other player？
So we ran a study on the U。C。 Berkeley campus to look at exactly that question。 We brought in more than 100 pairs of strangers into the lab， and with the flip of a coin randomly assigned one of the two to be a rich player in a rigged game。 They got two times as much money。 When they passed Go， they collected twice the salary， and they got to roll both dice instead of one， so they got to move around the board a lot more。 （Laughter） And over the course of 15 minutes， we watched through hidden cameras what happened。 And what I want to do today， for the first time， is show you a little bit of what we saw。 You're going to have to pardon the sound quality， in some cases， because again， these were hidden cameras。 So we've provided subtitles。 Rich Player： How many 500s did you have？ Poor Player： Just one。
Rich Player： Are you serious。 Poor Player： Yeah。
Rich Player： I have three。 （Laughs） I don't know why they gave me so much。
Paul Piff： Okay， so it was quickly apparent to players that something was up。 One person clearly has a lot more money than the other person， and yet， as the game unfolded， we saw very notable differences and dramatic differences begin to emerge between the two players。 The rich player started to move around the board louder， literally smacking the board with their piece as he went around。 We were more likely to see signs of dominance and nonverbal signs， displays of power and celebration among the rich players。
We had a bowl of pretzels positioned off to the side。 It's on the bottom right corner there。 That allowed us to watch participants' consummatory behavior。 So we're just tracking how many pretzels participants eat。
Rich Player： Are those pretzels a trick？
Poor Player： I don't know。
PP： Okay， so no surprises， people are onto us。 They wonder what that bowl of pretzels is doing there in the first place。 One even asks， like you just saw， is that bowl of pretzels there as a trick？ And yet， despite that， the power of the situation seems to inevitably dominate， and those rich players start to eat more pretzels。
Rich Player： I love pretzels。
（Laughter）
PP： And as the game went on， one of the really interesting and dramatic patterns that we observed begin to emerge was that the rich players actually started to become ruder toward the other person， less and less sensitive to the plight of those poor， poor players， and more and more demonstrative of their material success， more likely to showcase how well they're doing。 Rich Player： I have money for everything。 Poor Player： How much is that？ Rich Player： You owe me 24 dollars。 You're going to lose all your money soon。 I'll buy it。 I have so much money。 I have so much money， it takes me forever。 Rich Player 2： I'm going to buy out this whole board。 Rich Player 3： You're going to run out of money soon。 I'm pretty much untouchable at this point。
PP： Okay， and here's what I think was really， really interesting， is that at the end of the 15 minutes， we asked the players to talk about their experience during the game。 And when the rich players talked about why they had inevitably won in this rigged game of Monopoly —— （Laughter） — they talked about what they'd done to buy those different properties and earn their success in the game， and they became far less attuned to all those different features of the situation， including that flip of a coin that had randomly gotten them into that privileged position in the first place。 And that's a really， really incredible insight into how the mind makes sense of advantage。
Now this game of Monopoly can be used as a metaphor for understanding society and its hierarchical structure， wherein some people have a lot of wealth and a lot of status， and a lot of people don't。 They have a lot less wealth and a lot less status and a lot less access to valued resources。 And what my colleagues and I for the last seven years have been doing is studying the effects of these kinds of hierarchies。 What we've been finding across dozens of studies and thousands of participants across this country is that as a person's levels of wealth increase， their feelings of compassion and empathy go down， and their feelings of entitlement， of deservingness， and their ideology of self—interest increases。 In surveys， we found that it's actually wealthier individuals who are more likely to moralize greed being good， and that the pursuit of self—interest is favorable and moral。 Now what I want to do today is talk about some of the implications of this ideology self—interest， talk about why we should care about those implications， and end with what might be done。
——经典英语演讲稿
经典英语演讲稿
演讲稿可以起到整理演讲者的思路、提示演讲的内容、限定演讲的速度的.作用。在充满活力，日益开放的今天，越来越多地方需要用到演讲稿，那么，怎么去写演讲稿呢？以下是小编精心整理的经典英语演讲稿，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
i come to this magnificent house of worship tonight because my conscience leaves me no other choice. i join you in this meeting because i am in deepest agreement with the aims and work of the organization which has brought us together: clergy and laymen concerned about vietnam. the recent statements of your executive committee are the sentiments of my own heart, and i found myself in full accord when i read its opening lines: "a time comes when silence is betrayal." and that time has come for us in relation to vietnam.
the truth of these words is beyond doubt, but the mission to which they call us is a most difficult one. even when pressed by the demands of inner truth, men do not easily assume the task of opposing their government's policy, especially in time of war. nor does the human spirit move without great difficulty against all the apathy of conformist thought within one's own bosom and in the surrounding world. moreover, when the issues at hand seem as perplexed as they often do in the case of this dreadful conflict, we are always on the verge of being mesmerized by uncertainty; but we must move on.
and some of us who have already begun to break the silence of the night have found that the calling to speak is often a vocation of agony, but we must speak. we must speak with all the humility that is appropriate to our limited vision, but we must speak. and we must rejoice as well, for surely this is the first time in our nation's history that a significant number of its religious leaders have chosen to move beyond the prophesying of smooth patriotism to the high grounds of a firm dissent based upon the mandates of conscience and the reading of history. perhaps a new spirit is rising among us. if it is, let us trace its movements and pray that our own inner being may be sensitive to its guidance, for we are dee*** in need of a new way beyond the darkness that seems so close around us.
over the past two years, as i have moved to break the betrayal of my own silences and to speak from the burnings of my own heart, as i have called for radical departures from the destruction of vietnam, many persons have questioned me about the wisdom of my path. at the heart of their concerns this query has often loomed large and loud: "why are you speaking about the war, dr. king?" "why are you joining the voices of dissent?" "peace and civil rights don't mix," they say. "aren't you hurting the cause of your people," they ask? and when i hear them, though i often understand the source of their concern, i am nevertheless greatly saddened, for such questions mean that the inquirers have not really known me, my commitment or my calling. indeed, their questions suggest that they do not know the world in which they live.
in the light of such tragic misunderstanding, i deem it of signal importance to try to state clearly, and i trust concisely, why i believe that the path from dexter avenue baptist church -- the church in montgomery, alabama, where i began my pastorate -- leads clearly to this sanctuary tonight.
hello, everybody! thank you. thank you. thank you, everybody. all right, everybody go ahead and have a seat. how is everybody doing today? (applause.) how about tim spicer? (applause.) i am here with students at wakefield high school in arlington, virginia. and wesquo;ve got students tuning in from all across america, from kindergarten through 12th grade. and i am just so glad that all could join us today. and i want to thank wakefield for being such an outstanding host. give yourselves a big round of applause. (applause.)i know that for many of you, today is the first day of school. and for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, itsquo;s your first day in a new school, so itsquo;s understandable if yousquo;re a little nervous. i imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now -- (applause) -- with just one more year to go. and no matter what grade yousquo;re in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you couldsquo;ve stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning.i know that feeling. when i was young, my family lived overseas. i lived in indonesia for a few years. and my mother, she didnsquo;t have the money to send me where all the american kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an american education. so she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, monday through friday. but because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.now, as you might imagine, i wasnsquo;t too happy about getting up that early. and a lot of times, isquo;d fall asleep right there at the kitchen table. but whenever isquo;d complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and shesquo;d say, this is no picnic for me either, buster. (laughter.)so i know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school. but isquo;m here today because i have something important to discuss with you. isquo;m here because i want to talk with you about your education and whatsquo;s expected of all of you in this new school year.but at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world -- and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed. thatsquo;s what i want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.i want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself. every single one of you has something that yousquo;re good at. every single one of you has something to offer. and you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is. thatsquo;s the opportunity an education can provide.
——即兴英语演讲稿合集二十篇
ladies and gentlemen,
my name is zhang xinyu. today, im going to talk about growing pains. different people have different pains from different places. we are now students,so i think we have pains mainly from studies. time files.
two months ago, i came to a middle school student.but i have a pain.homework is my growing pain. in the secondary school, we have more subjects to study.and homework is more than primary school.so i could’t adapt to the secondary school’s homework. i don’t have other time to do any sports or read any books. however, i think all pains will fade away in the end. i believe that i can adapt the school life step by step. try my best. that’s all. thank you for your attention.
亲爱的老师和同学们:
我很高兴再次在这个课堂上发言！这次，我想谈谈英语。
我爱英语。英语现在在世界各地都被使用。它已经成为互联网和国际贸易中最常用的语言。学*英语让我自信，给我带来巨大的快乐。
我七岁的时候，我妈妈送我去了一所英语学校。在那里，我和其他孩子一起玩游戏，唱英文歌。然后我发现了语言的美，开始了我在英语世界的多彩梦。
每天，我都跟着磁带读英语。有时候，我看英文动画片。
周末，我经常去英语角。通过与那里不同的人交谈，我交了越来越多的朋友，也提高了我的英语口语。
我希望有一天我能环游世界。我想去美国参观华盛顿纪念碑，因为华盛顿总统是我的偶像。当然，我也想去伦敦，因为英国是英语发展的地方。如果我能在剑桥大学骑自行车，我会很开心。
我希望我能和世界上的每个人都说英语。我将向他们介绍中国，例如长城、故宫和鞍山。
我知道，罗马不是一天建成的。我相信经过不断的努力学*，总有一天我会把英语说得很好。
想要被爱，就要学会去爱，去讨喜。所以我相信当我每天热爱英语时，它也会爱我。
Every season has its beautiful views in south china. For me, I love spring.
Firstly, spring can make lives alive. spring is beautiful and green, the leaves turn to be green suddenly and the rain will visit my hometown from time to time. Grass extend his head out of the ground, the willow sends out green bud, the river burst into song. In spring, The sky is very blue, the cloud is white, and the air is fresh. The Spring is evident everywhere. Spring make me feel happy. In spring, the weather is always sunny and warm, usually I go travelling, sometimes I go hiking and climb mountains, I like spring .
secondly, the spring is a start for the whole year. People always make some conclusion of the last year and plan their goals for the coming year in the spring and start to try hard for them.
每个季节都有它美丽的观点在中国南方。对我来说,我爱春天。
首先,春天可以使生活活着。春天是美丽的和绿色的,绿色的叶子变雨突然将访问我的家乡的时候。草扩展他的头从地上,柳树发出绿芽,放声歌唱。在春天,天空很蓝,云是白的,空气是新鲜的。春天到处都是显而易见的。春天让我感到快乐。在春天,天气总是阳光明媚,天气温暖,我通常去旅游,有时我去远足和爬山,我喜欢春天。
其次,春天是开始全年。人们总是做去年的.一些结论,计划他们的目标对来年的春天,开始努力。
亲爱的朋友们：
今天，我想谈谈时间。我演讲的题目是时间是我们的生命。每个人都知道时间每时每刻都在流逝。它没有。不要等你。如何利用时间是我们生活中的一个问题。在这里，我想告诉你一句话：不要浪费时间。
人们常说：时间就是金钱。对我来说，时间就是知识。时间对每个人都是公*的。如果我能适当利用时间，我会是一个好的学*者。作为一个好的学*者，我会获得更多的知识。有了更多的知识，我将有一个更光明的未来。那我就有理想的生活了。
经常听到有人说：时间过得真快。也许吧。但是朋友们，如果你有时间抱怨时间过得太快，为什么不呢？你没有利用这段时间做一些有用的事情吗？我读过一本书。那本书的作者说：老了不要后悔。所以我们必须做我们想做的事情，这样当我们老了的时候，我们就赢了。感觉不到
亲爱的朋友们，我们必须明智地利用时间，我们才能有一个更光明的未来，我们的国家才能更加强大和美丽。
那是。仅此而已。谢谢大家的倾听。
小学生英语即兴演讲：短文3众所周知，英语在今天非常重要。世界各地都在使用它。它已经成为互联网和国际贸易中最常用的语言。如果我们能说好英语，我们将有更多的机会成功。因为越来越多的人注意到了这一点，所以去学英语的人数以高速增长。
但是对我自己来说，我学*英语不仅仅是因为它的重要性和实用性，还因为我对它的热爱。当我学*英语时，我能感受到一种不同的思维方式，这给了我更多接触世界的空间。当我读英语小说时，我可以从书中感受到不同于阅读翻译的乐趣。当我说英语时，我可以从我的话语中感受到自信。当我写英语时，我能看到和我们中国人不一样的美......
我喜欢英语，它给了我一个多彩的梦。我希望有一天我能环游世界。凭借我良好的英语，我可以和许多来自不同国家的人交朋友。我可以看到许多名胜古迹。我梦想我能去伦敦，因为它是英语的发源地。
我也想用我良好的英语向说英语的人介绍我们伟大的`地方，我希望他们能像我们一样热爱我们的国家。
我知道，罗马不是一天建成的。我相信经过不断的努力学*，总有一天我会把英语说得很好。
想要被爱，就要学会去爱，去讨喜。所以我相信当我每天热爱英语时，它也会爱我。
我相信有一天我会实现我的梦想！
亲爱的朋友们：
今天，我想谈谈时间。我演讲的题目是时间是我们的生命。每个人都知道时间每时每刻都在流逝。它没有。不要等你。如何利用时间是我们生活中的一个问题。在这里，我想告诉你一句话：不要浪费时间。
人们常说：时间就是金钱。对我来说，时间就是知识。时间对每个人都是公*的。如果我能适当利用时间，我会是一个好的学*者。作为一个好的学*者，我会获得更多的知识。有了更多的知识，我将有一个更光明的未来。那我就有理想的生活了。
经常听到有人说：时间过得真快。也许吧。但是朋友们，如果你有时间抱怨时间过得太快，为什么不呢？你没有利用这段时间做一些有用的事情吗？我读过一本书。那本书的作者说：老了不要后悔。所以我们必须做我们想做的事情，这样当我们老了的时候，我们就赢了。感觉不到
亲爱的朋友们，我们必须明智地利用时间，我们才能有一个更光明的未来，我们的国家才能更加强大和美丽。
那是。仅此而已。谢谢大家的倾听。
小学生英语即兴演讲：短文3众所周知，英语在今天非常重要。世界各地都在使用它。它已经成为互联网和国际贸易中最常用的语言。如果我们能说好英语，我们将有更多的机会成功。因为越来越多的人注意到了这一点，所以去学英语的人数以高速增长。
但是对我自己来说，我学*英语不仅仅是因为它的重要性和实用性，还因为我对它的热爱。当我学*英语时，我能感受到一种不同的思维方式，这给了我更多接触世界的空间。当我读英语小说时，我可以从书中感受到不同于阅读翻译的乐趣。当我说英语时，我可以从我的话语中感受到自信。当我写英语时，我能看到和我们中国人不一样的美......
我喜欢英语，它给了我一个多彩的梦。我希望有一天我能环游世界。凭借我良好的英语，我可以和许多来自不同国家的人交朋友。我可以看到许多名胜古迹。我梦想我能去伦敦，因为它是英语的发源地。
我也想用我良好的英语向说英语的人介绍我们伟大的地方，我希望他们能像我们一样热爱我们的.国家。
我知道，罗马不是一天建成的。我相信经过不断的努力学*，总有一天我会把英语说得很好。
想要被爱，就要学会去爱，去讨喜。所以我相信当我每天热爱英语时，它也会爱我。
我相信有一天我会实现我的梦想！
Ladies and gentlemen,
Good afternoon !Today the topic of my speech is “Discover myself”.
I think each people is unique.Everyone is different .I don’t need to envy others，because I think I am the only one in the world.So do u really know yourself?In my parents’eyes,I am a naughty boy. In my friends’ eyes, I am a friendly boy.In my teachers’eyes,I am a boy which progresses.But how do I think of myself?I don’t know.
Everone has merits and shortcomings. we need to discover our disadvantages and get rid of it . However, Lookers-on see most often.So mentors are necessary.In elementary school, I didn’t know the importance of studying.I just know playing all day.One day my english teacher told me (that) she thought I was a intelligent boy.I was shocked by what she said.I didn’t do well in my english subject at that time.I was encouraged by what she said.In other words,what she said made me exicted.Since then,I fell in love with English.I started to read some English novels and listen to music.My english teacher taught me patiently and encouraged me to insist on doing these.I was interested in english.I found it was easy to learn english.It does’t like I thought it would be difficult.Maybe I had talent in learning english.However,if I don’t listen to my english teacher.Maybe I would get lost.
Everybody should have confidence in discovering yourselves,although it is a difficult journey.When there is a will,there is a way.
“ We are made wise not by the recollections of the past but by our responsibility for the future”
----George Bernard Shaw China is faced with some enormous challenges as it enters the 21st century. In order to ensure the prosperity of our nation and its future generations we must confront and ultimately solve these challenges. Some of the more pressing issues facing China are universal. These include environmental degradation, over population andthe effects of globalization. To overcome some of the things we need to implement include: Enhancing our scientific and industrial technologies in such areas as IT, Bio- tech, AI and Cybernetics. Further develop public infrastructure in under developed regions. Promote education reform at all levels. Introduce sustainable development initiatives. The implementation of free trade agreement between China and ASEAN. The benefit to China in introducing these initiatives will be significant and far-reaching. It is important to realize that these initiatives need to filter down through all elements of the society in China. For instance, cutting edge technologies and intellectual properties; the development of e-commerce based economy; an education system that encourages innovation and creativity; increased foreign investment; higher living standards; more efficient use of natural resources. It is important for us to realize these reforms are both essential and necessary. These will help China to fulfill its vast and unrealized potential on the world stage. It will also contribute more to a globalized world of the new century.
As for the future our task is not to foresee but to enable.
Saying goodbye to childhood,we step into another important time in the pace of young,facing new situations,dealing with different problems.....
everyone has his ownunderstanding of young,it is a period of time of beauty and wonders,only after you have
experienced the sour ,sweet ,bitter and salty can you really become a person of time of young is limitted,it may pass by without your attention,and when you discover what has happened ,it is always too ping the young well means a better time is waiting for you in the near future,or the situation may be opposite .
having a view on these great men in the history of hunmanbeing,they all made full use of their youth time ,to do things that are useful to society,to the whole mankind,and as a cosquence ,they are remembered by later
generations,admired by do something in the time of young,although you may not get achievements as these greatmen did ,though not for the whole word,just for youeself,for those around!
the young is just like blooming flowers,they are so beautiful when blooming,they make people feel happy,but with time passing by,after they withers ,moet people think they are so it is the same with young,we are enthusiastic when we are young,then we may lose our passion when getting older and we must treasure it ,don't let the limitted time pass by ,leaving nothing of significance.
hello everyone!
I have a dream that one day every vally shall be e_alted， every hill and mountain shall be made low， the rough places will be made plain， and the crooked places will be made straight， and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed， and all flesh shall see it together.
Wow， what a dream it has been for Martin Luther King. But the changing world seems telling me that people gradually get their dreams lost somehow in the process of growing up， and sometimes I personally find myself saying goodbye unconsciously to those distant childhood dreams.
However， we meed dreams. They nourish our spirit; they represent possibility even when we are dragged down by reality. They keep us going. Most successful people are dreamers as well as ordinary people who are not afraid to think big and dare to be great. When we were little kids， we all dreamed of doing something big and splashy， something significant. Now what we need to do is to maintain them， refresh them and turn them into reality. However， the toughest part is that we often have no ideas how to translate these dreams into actions. Well， just start with concrete objectives and stick to it. Don’t let the nameless fear confuse the eye and confound our strong belief of future. Through our talents， through our wits， through our endurance and through our creativity， we will make it.
Hold fast to dreams， for if dreams die， life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams， for when dreams go， life is a barren field frozen with snow. So my dear friends， think of your old and maybe dead dreams. Whatever it is， pick it up and make it alive from today.
Thank you!
what is my favorite invention?
we knew there had been many inventions at the last century, for example,electric light bulb, telephone, phonograph, mimeograph machine, automobile,airplane, atomic weapon, computer and so on. what is my favorite invention?
personally, my favorite invention should be computer. in the old days, manyscientists took much time to calculate and deal with research data, so theeffective time in doing research was relatively shortened. for millions of timesof calculating per second by computer, the researchers may have enough time tostudy more important issues. the processing of experiment results became verysimple and easy. aren’t those all evidences that the computer is one of thegreatest inventions in the last century, are those?
so my favorite invention is computer.
world expo is a platform, we are the masters. she put up a platform for us to let the world know us; she built a bridge for us, so we better communicate with the world. this platform may let us display self wantonly. we are the masters here, we have to landlord, let guest experience enthusiasm and happiness.
everyone to contribute for the expo, we are no exception, as a living piece of fertile land in pudong's teachers, we are proud and pride. in the vision of a better tomorrow
, we have to do for the world expo will own a wonderful ability, we have through our hands, warm heart and sincerity to practical action to achieve the commitment of shanghai to the world. we should educate the many students: do not throw garbage anywhere, no spitting, no jaywalking ... ..., hello, thank you frequently mention, let the material on this city with the new york comparable to the spiritual civilization. educate our students to exciting , willing to shanghai's future by copies of power, if only planted a small tree, participants in the shanghai world expo foreign guests feel: this is a forest city, pollution-free city, ancient and civilized city. better city, better life! until the time of the expo, then, we want to become a glorious volunteers, to changing our foreign friends in shanghai and china's long history, a
bout our education for the world expo will contribute their efforts.
——经典的英语演讲稿汇总十篇
this is a glass of water, tasteless, right? however if you add sugar, it will taste sweet, but if you add vinegar, it will become bitter. the same is true with our life the flavor is created by our choices.
if kindness is added to a strange you will have a friend;but if hostility is added, you will have an enemy. if love is added to a pile of red bricks you will have a home, but if hatred is add to those bricks , you will have an concentration camp.
so my dear friends, never complain that life is boring and the world is disappointing. if don’t like the taste of your life, changethe ingredients.
three year ago, i weighed more than 100 hundred kilograms which caused significant embarrassment and frustration in my life. like always failing my p.e examinations, like always being laughed at by girls, like being terrified to speak in public. it was my grandmother’s encouragement that revived from my passive attitude to become confident in myself. she said “ my dear, if you can’t change you figure, why not treat it as your own style. so i began to cautiously employ the new way of thinking. by choosing to change my outlook on life, i developed the confidence to make a difference and finally i found a totally new world.
not forget, you earnestly to teach the scene not forget, you sent her daughter to ride back to school is not to be forgotten, when the daughter of late in your sad eyes
is not to be forgotten, when the sick daughter on your face can not forget the scenes of fear, the father and daughter is not to be forgotten ... ... if the situation can be life-cycle the next life, i also make your daughter!
so my dear friend, if faith, hope, love, endurance areadded to your life, you will find the confidence to conquer your limitation and embrace new challenges. and hopefully with my speech included, you will have afantastic speech contest.
A Brother Like That A Brother Like That A friend of mine named Paul received an automobile from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin was walking around the shiny new car, admiring it. "Is this your car, Mister?"
he said. Paul nodded. "My brother gave it to me for Christmas."
The boy was astounded. "You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn’t cost you nothing? Boy, I wish . . ."
He hesitated. Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the lad said jarred Paul all the way down to his heels. "I wish,"
the boy went on, "That I could be a brother like that."
Paul looked at the boy in astonishment, then impulsively he added, "Would you like to take a ride in my car?"
"Oh yes, Id love that."
After a short ride, the boy turned with his eyes aglow, said, "Mister, would you mind driving in front of my house?"
Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the lad wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big automobile. But Paul was wrong again. "Will you stop where those two steps are?"
the boy asked. He ran up the steps. Then in a little while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the bottom step, then sort of squeezed up against him and pointed to the car. "There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent. And some day Im gonna give you one just like it . . . then you can see for yourself all the pretty things in the Christmas windows that Ive been trying to tell you about."
Paul got out and lifted the lad to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began a memorable holiday ride. That Christmas Eve, Paul learned what Jesus meant when he said: "It is more blessed to give . . . "
as we all know, we will celebrate our 60th year of independence.xxyears is a short history for any country, however, many people’s dreams have come true. as a middle school student , i’m very glad that i have the chance to celebrate the 60 anniversaries
in the pastxyears , our standards of living really has changed dramatically. in the past, parents often worried about their children lacking eating and wearing. in that time, we did not see a number of overseas brands in china , and the pursuit of fashion become the subject of life. in the past, people often communicated by writing letters or taking telegram. today nearly every people use mobile phones to communicate with everyone at anywhere. a succession of changes has affected us , which leads us to live a more happier life.
in the past 60 years, china has scored impressive achievements in its development. china’s economy , especially in the latest 30 years, runs at an average of 9.4 percent，with its gdp jumping from 147.3 billion us dollars to over 1.4 trillion us dollars. as the same time, the technology of chain has improved rapidly. the “gold seven’ lunch is the best evidence. the most pride of china is the success of “ beijing olympic games”, which exhibits a harmonious china to foreigners.
in the end , let us bless our dear county to have a bright future together.
英语演讲稿:绿色北京绿色奥运
Honorable referees, distinguished contestants, ladies and gentlemen, good morning. I feel it a great honor to have this opportunity sharing my opinion of the Green Olympics with you.
In August ,as the delegate of Chinese teenagers, I participated in the Olympic Youth Camp. From it, I learnt and got a lot.
In Athens, I was not only intoxicated on its long history and the deep humanity, but also impressed by the citizens' environmental awareness and shocked by the passion of the locals' for environmental protection.
With fewer metropolitan dins can be found in Athens, the streets are neat indeed, for you will see no wastes on the road there. Moreover, I seldom saw cleaners in Athens, which impressed me very strongly. Because what this phenomenon reflected is a kind of quality, character and also a sense of responsibility about the environment. Which means, keeping the city clean is not only a governmental behavior, but a habit in the daily life of every Athenian's.
I still remember the picture that, an old lady took great trouble to bent over for picking up a piece of newspaper and sent it into a dustbin. When I asked why she did such hard work with her age.: "Why not? " she said, just so simple. Up to now, this picture still clearly exists in my mind for its embodied environmental consciousness and a national spirit.
Throughout the days in Athens, there were a series of educational activities about environment. In those items, we were working in groups discussing environmental problems of different aspects and also seeking the solutions. In addition, the items consisted of speeches of officers' of local NGOs and the children's paintings exhibition as well. At the end of the activity, having reached common understanding, each of us has submitted suggestions and measures dealing with the promotion of the implement of sustainable development. I have to say, this series of activities really benefited me a great deal.
Therefore, I have thought of Beijing, thought of the year.
"Green Olympics" is one of three major ideas of running the Olympic Games. The main intension of this creed is to prepare and host Olympic Games under the guidance of sustainable development. And at the same time, try hard to improve the environmental quality of the capital.
Actualy in Beijing today. the sandstorm is coming rare and rare, and the greenery area is keeping increasing year by year. No one can deny that these changes are the result of all the Beijingers' efforts. It obviously states that through the application and the preparation for , the Beijingers' environmental awareness has been strengthened greatly. But as the case stands, we still have a long way to go.
As a middle school student of a new era, we should take part in environmental protection and the implement of sustainable development more widely and extensively. Indeed, environmental protection should start from dribs and drabs, but it is not enough only to stay on the surface. We have to realize today's environmental problems more objectively and dee*** .and we have to find out the obstruction and the danger we are facing. Further more, only by considering the environmental problem as the point of sustainable development and globalization, shall we be able to arouse our consciousness and enthusiasm. I firmly believe that we will make the world a better place.
And now, I have a dream.
I have a dream that one day the earth will be free from contaminations；I have a dream that one day the nature and the human beings will coexist harmoniously and naturally; I have a dream that one day the blue sky and the verdure will always surround us; and I have a dream that one day the green will become eternity.
So, friends, let us join our hands and work together, meet in a green Beijing, meet in .
After being cheated of the meat by the fox, the crow stood on the branchand scolded for three days and three nights.
Since then, crows are very wary of foxes, afraid of being cheatedagain.
One day, the crow found a piece of meat. It took the meat in its mouth andstopped on the branch to rest.
He was very alert. He looked left and right for fear that the meat would becheated by the sly fox again.
At this time, the fox is humming a little song in the walk, smelling thesmell of meat, followed the fragrance.
After a while, he came to the tree where the crow stopped.
When the fox saw that it was a crow, he was very happy. He thought tohimself: This crow is very stupid. Last time he said that his singing was good,he cheated the meat away.
It looks like another piece of meat is coming this time.
Seeing that it was a fox, the crow immediately hung the meat on the branchand asked warily, "brother fox, I havent seen you for a long time. What are youdoing this time?"
The fox said calmly, "its nothing more than to admit the mistake with thebrother crow."
The crow said angrily, "brother fox, dont be hurt!"
The fox pretended to be a little sad and said, "brother crow, last time Imsorry for you. I lied to you because I was wrong. I deserve to die! This time,you can do whatever you want to do to me!"
The crow said, "then you will return the meat you cheated me lasttime."
When the fox heard this, he was very angry and forced to bear the anger inhis heart and said: "brother crow, I have eaten the meat last time.
I know a place where there is a lot of meat. Its not a long way. I have nostrength. You give me your piece of meat to eat. When I have strength, I willtake two back to you. "
The crow listened happily and said, "well, Ill give you the meat." Then hetook the meat off the branch and gave it to the fox.
The fox ate the meat and said to the crow, "wait, Ill get the meat foryou." With that, the fox left in a hurry.
After a long time, the crow didnt see the fox come back, just suddenlyrealized that he had been cheated again.
Strong earthquake hits China
A powerful earthquake measuring 7.8 has hit China's southern province of Sichuan, shaking buildings as far away as Beijing, Shanghai and Bangkok.
It was not immediately clear if there were any casualties or damage from the tremor which the the US Geological Survey (UGS) earlier put at 7.8.
The epicentre of the quake was 93 kilometres north of Chengdu.
Wenchuan, which took full force of the quake, has a population of 111,000 people.
It is in an ethnic Tibetan area in Aba county which recently saw violent clashes between Tibetans and Chinese authorities.
According to some reports there was a second earthquake measuring 3.9 which hit the Beijing district of Tongzhou at roughly the same time.
Telephone lines in the affected area are jammed and there are still no reports of casualties.
Reports from Thailand say high buildings in Bangkok continued to shake several minutes after the tremors began.
"We felt continuous shaking for about two or three minutes. All the people in our office are rushing downstairs. We're still feeling slight tremblings," said an office worker in Chengdu.
China's tallest building, the Jinmao Tower, and other highrise buildings in Shanghai's financial district were evacuated after tremors were first felt.
"People were shouting 'get out, get out', so we all ran out of our dorm," said a student surnamed Zhang at a university in nearby Chongqing.
A spokesman for the China Earthquake Administration said it was still checking the epicentre and scale of the tremor.
It was a cloudleday. The warmth of the fall sun made the day seem as if itwould be perfect. Yes, for me perhaps, but not exactly for the technician whowas working on one of my laboratory machines. The technician definitely knewwhat he was doing and seemed exceptionally qualified except for one thing. Hewas no electrician. He had found a motor that he identified as being bad. Themotor shaft was much too difficult to turn and he had indicated that this was amajor problem. "Expect two to three days for a new one to arrive," he said.
One thing my friend didn't understand is that when power is supplied to agenerator, it becomes a motor and when mechanical power is applied to a motor,it becomes a generator. During the proceof his working on the machine hedisconnected the leads to the motor and spun the shaft turning the motor into agenerator. Disconnecting the leads in effect took the load off the motor, theleads being connected causing the motor not to turn freely. He looked ratherperplexed to see the motor shaft spin so freely. For reasons unknown to me, hespun the shaft again and grabbed the wires protruding from the motor. I don'tbelieve I have ever heard quite the string of expletives that this man let flyfrom his mouth. With his eyes widened he had to slap his hand loose from thewires as the flow of generated electricity locked the grip of his hand.
Now this being funny all by itself, it evidently wasn't funny enough forthe technician because he spun the motor and grabbed the leads again. Anotherstring of expletives that have never been heard previously by man were unleashedunto the world.
Several years ago, I had heard about a man who went fishing with an oldcrank type telephone generator. He'd drop the leads into the water and crank thegenerator causing the fish to be shocked whereby they would float to the top forhim to collect. On this warm and cloudlefall day, I'd say, the technician's fishhad all floated to the top.
The ancient said the world is a book and those who do not travel read onlyone page. I like travel, because travel not only allows me to enjoy the greatrivers and mountains of the motherland, but also brings me knowledge andexercise. Beautiful sceneries make me impressed and friendly people make mewarm. Travel is a process of discovery of beauty that would company my wholelife. I like the feeling on the road, which greatly enrich my life and fields ofvision. Being to different places, seeing different views makes me know how bigthe world is, so that I won’t bother my trifles. I think a broad mind isextremely important to a person, and traveling is a good way to get it. Maybesome people would say that I travel just because I want to relax. There’s nodoubt about that. No matter for what reason, traveling is attractive to usall.
古人云：读万卷书，不如行万里路。我喜欢旅行，旅行不仅让我饱览祖国的大好河山，而且在学到知识的同时还锻炼了自己。美丽的风景让我印象深刻，有好的人们也让我倍感温暖。旅行就是一个发现美的过程，这种美的感受将会陪伴我的终生。我喜欢在路上的感觉，这极大的丰富了我的`生活和视野。到不同的地方，看不同的风景会让我知道世界之大，从而不会被琐事叨扰。我认为开阔的胸襟对一个人来说尤为重要，而旅行是开阔胸襟的一个好方式。也许有的人会说，我之所以去旅行，只是因为想得到放松，这是毫无疑问的。不管出于什么原因，旅行总是充满诱惑。
hi, everyone! my name is . today my topic is: "i love english".
english is now used everywhere in the world, it has become the most important language on internet. learning english makse me confident and brings me great pleasure.
when i was eight , my father sent me to an english school. at there, i played games and sang english song with other children. then i discovered the beauty of the language, and began my colorful dream in the english world.
every day, i read english following the tapes. sometimes, i like watching english movies for children, such as finding nemo, harry potter and so on. these movies not only improved my english, but also gave me a lot of fun. outlook english also help me a lot in my english studies, i have been watching this program for nearly two years.
i hope i can travel around the world someday. i want to go to america, because america is one of the most developed countries in the world. i also want to go to england, because english originated in england.
i love english, english has become part of my life. do you like english, my friends? if you do, come with me. let's enjoy the fun of learning english built in a day."
that's all, thank you!
Good afternoon，ladies and gentlemen!
I’m very honored to stand here and give you a short speech! To begin with ,I want to ask a question .Does everybody dream a good dream last night? Actually ,today I want to talk about dream with you. Of course, What I want to talk is not a dream you have last night,but a dream—— about life.
Everyone has dreams about life, different dreams at different life stage,and we need dreams to support us. Dreams are like the stars we never reach in the sky,but like most mariners(水手),we can chart our course by them. With the dream,we have a direction,with a direction, we were no longer confused.With the dream, there is hope,With hope, we have the strength to fight.
I have a dream: To be a doctor.，because doctor may relieve the pain of patients. May let the human change the health. At the same time, I believed that, those who help others may be able to obtain joyfully. Therefore, I hoped in the near future ,I might be a doctor.
But I know，life is tough,and there are always ups and downs, maybe we fail in the way to our aims,and we may feel depressed ,whenever at this time, the dream in our heart can always comfort us, encourage us ,and support us to move ahead .
Young!Fortunately, I am young now. Just due to it, I know that nothing is impossible.I firmly believe that nothing can stand in my way. If I can't realize my dream,it result from that I haven't work harder enough and I won't find other excuses. If no people believe you, you can make it to prove that you are right. If you think the god haven't blessed you and there is no truth here, you can become the god and create the truth.
"My breath swallows the sky and make the yellow river overflow, my sword is famous in Kyushu and it can collapse the five sacred mountains." At some time in the past I also had am bitious words and I had some achievements. Each achievement results from my hard work. I always believe that "If you want to have more achievements than others, you must work harder." In some extent, the dream is the hope. If you can insist on doing something, the victory will come.
——寒假开学英语演讲稿汇总十篇
True friends will always share the joy of success with you.
In one match, I won the prize unexpectedly, but I heard a bad news - tao, there is no prize, this is a feeling in the heart. But suddenly, I saw tao came over and said to me: "you, congratulations you received a prize, I know that you are done! In order to celebrate your success, after school, I invite you to eat your favorite chocolate ice cream." After that, I also received many blessings from my classmates.
True friends will be there to protect you and support you. In one accident, I was misunderstood by one of my classmates, and I was helpless and helpless in the face of this sudden misunderstanding. At that moment, tao first came forward and said, "I believe you are innocent. I believe in her. It is not her fault!" Her words are like a ray of sunshine in the dark, giving me hope and warmth. But in the end, I chose to escape. Tao seems to understand my mind
Hello, everyone. My name is maggie. I am twelve years old. This is my best friend, her name is Cindy. She is twelve years old too. She most like subject is music, because music, she felt very interesting.
She most loves food is ice cream. She most likes swimming. She is in No1 Middle school, Grand One, Class Three. I m in hers class, so, we are classmates. She and I together every day, others will think we are twins!
Cleaning the campus, the park there are rubbish, classmates are in trouble, when the children need donations in the earthquake... No time without her figure, so she went everywhere are very popular.
Small beautiful performance is good can't say more, first in his class and grade first, community first... I remember she said a word now, mom and dad and the expectations of my teachers and classmates is one of the largest power my exams.
At this point, the corner of my eyes unconsciously floating on a few tears.
This is my friend - a lovely and clever girl. I love myself, but I love my friends more.
The classmates, "at home by parents, out by friends", make some friends! The friendship will last forever!
I have a good friend. she is a beautiful girl and very kind. she has long black hair， a red mouth and two big black eyes ， her voice is better. she is good at singing and drawing.
我有一个好朋友。她是一个漂亮的女孩，非常善良。她有一头长长的黑发，一张红嘴巴和两只大大的黑眼睛，她的嗓音更好些。她擅长唱歌和画画。
She is a clever girl. she likes reading books ， playing computer games and climbing mountains. she is also nice. she often helps us . our classmates like her very much.
她是一个聪明的'女孩。她喜欢读书，玩电脑游戏和爬山。她也很好。她经常帮助我们。我们的同学非常喜欢她。
dear everyone.
good evening, everyone!
throughout my years of being a student, i’ve had many teachers. none of them
are the same, but the one that i’ll never forget and will always miss is my chinese bilingual teacher in the middle school i attended in seattle, ms. ho. she was a skinny, but stylish lady in her 50s. she was different from all the other teachers because she gave me something unforgettable.
today, i still keep in touch with her, and she still tells me how she believes in me. sometimes, i’d think back, and wonder how i could handle all those things if it wasn’t for her encouragement and trust. could i be the person i am todaythen, it struck me: what we need has always been trust and love of others; because these things inspire us to do our best, and to live our life to its fullest.
to sum up, i’d like to say to all of you: let us all appreciate trust and love of others and achieve our full potential in our life!
Now, I’m in Huang Pu School. I’m a new pupil here. But I have some new friends. Luky is one of them. Luky’s Chinese name is Fan Junran. She’s twelve years old. She is tall, but not plump. She has black long hair, two big eyes and a lovely mouth. She often tells me lots of the funny things Luky has many hobbies. She likes sports very much. She can play basketball. She plays very well.
She is good at the high jump, long-distance running and swimming. She is very health, right? And Luky likes art. She likes singing,
dancing and playing the electronic organ. She dances very well. She likes Hip-hop so much. She is so cool when she dances Hip-hop. We are good friends now. I’m so happy to meet her. She is a very breeziness girl. Do you want to be friends with her now?
I am so happy! I hav a nw frind. Hr nam is Angl. What a nic nam! Sh’s 15 yars old. Sh livs in Guangzhou. Sh’s tall and thin. Sh has long hair. Sh liks rading books. Sh studis hard.
Hr fathr is a businss man. H gos to work by car. H has got a big company. H is grat! Hr mothr is an accountant in hr fathr’s company. Sh gos to work with hr fathr. Sh gts up at 8:30. Somtims thy go to work arly, so Angl must cook brakfast for hr grandma. Sh cooks wll.
Angl says sh is going to visit m this wknd. I cannot wait!
You will no longer fear making new sounds, showing new facial expressions, using your body in new ways,approaching new people, and asking new questions. you will live every single day of your life with absolute passion, and you will show your passion through the words you speak and the actions you take. you will focus all your time and effort on the most important goals of your life. you will never succumb to challenges of hardships. you will never waver in your pursuit of excellence. after all,you are the best, and you deserve the best!
as your coach and friend, i can assure you the door to all the best things in the world will open to you, but the key to that door is in your hand. you must do your part, you must faithfully follow the plans you make and take the actions you plan, you must never quit, you must never fear. i know you must do it, you can do it, you will do it, and you will succeed!
now stand firm and tall, make a fist, get excited, and yell it out: i must do it! i can do it! i will do it! i will succeed! i must do it! i can do it! i will do it! i will succeed! i must do it! i can do it! i will do it! i will succeed!
My friend called , comely frame, large eyes like grapes, one with a twinkle, like stars flash flash, high nose bridge, quiet small mouth, a pair of princess style, but also the most beautiful girl in our class!
In the school, her grades is very good; At home, she is very understanding. In life, she is good at performance. Is my study example.
Her class is very serious, if the teacher asked her to answer the question, she will answer reel, and won't make any mistake! Spare time, I often go to ask her some questions, she would tell me these questions fluently is what to do, but also often teach me some methods to solve the problem. She read very much, sometimes she also loving reading class to teach the students to read the text, most of the students are reading aloud is very good now, she had won the first prize in the reading game.
In foreigners’ eyes, most Chinese people eat cats and dogs, because the media always report the negative news about how we mistreat animals.
In fact, most young people love animals and they have been educated to be a kind person all the time, so what the media reported is not all true. Still some people kill animals for eating or trading, and they have been condemned by the public strongly. Cats and dogs are our friends, and they deserved to be treated well.
The reason that we should protect the animals is that we are protecting ourselves, because if they die out, human lose the balance and will face the disaster.
因为媒体总是报道中国人虐待动物的负面新闻，所以在外国人眼中，大多数中国人都是吃猫肉、狗肉的。
事实上，大多数年轻人热爱动物，他们总是被教育要做一个善良的`人，所以，媒体报道的做法是不正确的。但是仍然有些人杀动物吃或是拿来买卖，他们也受到了公众的强烈谴责。猫和狗都是我们的朋友，我们应该善待它们。
我们应该保护动物的是因为我们也是在保护自己，如果他们灭绝了，人类就会失去*衡，就会将面临灾难。
——英语经典演讲稿（精选十篇）
this competitive society it is essential to know how to sell yourself in order to get the job you want. That means you must be able to market your best features and present yourself in the best light. After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
There are several things you can do to project a good image in an interview. First of all, look like a winner. Dress conservatively and well, and you'll look like you're going to the top. Second, communicate clearly. Consider each question carefully and respond with total honesty. Remember to make eye contact and maintain good posture. You need to look attentive but also at ease. Third, have a positive and assertive attitude. It's important to appear confident of your ability and optimistic about your future. Finally, be prepared. Present a professional resume and be ready to explain everything in detail.
By following the advice above, you are bound to make a good impression on potential employers. Then you will be able to choose the best opportunity for you and take that first step towards success.
篇二：选择的英语
Over the past Spring Festival, I got involved in a family dispute. Right before I got home, four satellite channels of CCTV were added to the 14 channels we had already had. In prime time at night, they all had interesting shows. Therefore, the five of us-my parents, my sisters and I-had to argue over what to watch. Finally, we agreed that we should watch the "most interesting" programme... If we could agree what that was.
However, all of us there remember that for a long time after we had TV, there were only one or two channels available. The increase in options reveals an important change in our life: the abundance of choice.
Fifteen years ago we all dressed in one style and in one colour. Today, we select from a wide variety of designs and shades.
Fifteen years ago, we read few newspapers. Today, we read English newspapers like the China Daily and the 21st Century, as well as various Chinese newspapers.
Fifteen years ago, English majors took only courses in language and literature. Today, we also study Western culture, journalism, business communications, international relations, and computer science.
The emergence of choices marks the beginning of a new era in China's history; an era of diversity, of material and cultural richness, and an era of the rebirth of the Chinese nation.
We enjoy the abundance of choice. But this has not come easily.
About 150 years ago, China was forced to open up its door by Western canons and gunboats. It has been through the struggle and sacrifice of generations that we finally have gained the opportunity to choose for ourselves. The policy of reform and openness is the choice that has made all the difference.
Like others of my age, I'm too young to have experienced the time when the Chinese people had no right to choose. However, as the next century draws near, it is time to ask: What does choice really mean to us young people?
Is choice a game that relies on chance or luck? Is choice an empty promise that never materializes? Or is choice a puzzle so difficult that we have to avoid it?
First, I would like to say: To choose means to claim opportunities.
I am a third-year English major. An important choice for me, of course, is what to do upon graduation. I can go to graduate school, at home or abroad. I can go to work as a teacher, a translator, a journalist, an editor and a diplomat. Actually, the system of mutual selection has allowed me to approach almost every career opportunity in China.
Indeed, this is not going to be an easy choice. I would love to work in such big cities as Beijing or Shanghai or Shenzhen. I would also love to return to my hometown, which is intimate, though slightly lagging in development. I would love to stay in the coastal area where life is exciting and fast-paced. I would also love to put down roots in central and western China, which is underdeveloped, but holds reat potential.
All of these sound good. But they are only possibilities. To those of us who are bewildered at the abundance of opportunities, I would like to say: To choose means to accept challenge.
To us young people, challenge often emerges in the form of competition. In the next century, competition will not only come from other college graduates, but also from people of all ages and of all origins.
With increasing international exchanges, we have to face growing competition from the whole outside world. This is calling for a higher level of our personal development.
Fifteen years ago, the knowledge of a foreign language or of computer operation was considered merely an advantage. But today, with wider educational opportunities, this same knowledge has become essential to everyone.
Given this situation, even our smallest choices will require great wisdom and personal determination.
As we gain more initiative in choice making, the consequence of each choice also becomes more important.
As we gain more initiative in choice making, the consequence of each choice also becomes more important.
Nuclear power, for instance, may improve our quality of life. But it can also be used to damage the lives and possessions of millions.
Economic development has enriched our lives but brought with it serious harm to our air, water and health.
To those of us who are blind to the consequences of their choices, I would like to say, To choose means to take responsibility. When we are making choices for ourselves, we cannot casually say: "It's just my own business. " As policy makers of the next century, we cannot fail to see our responsibility to those who share the earth with us.
The traditional Chinese culture teaches us to study hard and work hard so as to honor our family. To me, however, this family is not just the five of us who quarreled over television programmes. Rather, it is the whole of the human family. As I am making my choices, I will not forget the smile of my teacher when I correctly spelled out the word "China" for the first time, I will not forget the happy faces of the boys and girls we helped to send back to school in the mountains of Jiangxi Province. I will not forget the tearful eyes of women and children in Bosnia, Chechnya and Somali, where millions are suffering from war, famine or poverty.
尊敬的评委，同学们:
下午好！
最*，在我们的社会中有一场激烈的辩论。大学生是一种罕见特权的受益者，他们在特殊的地方接受特殊的教育。但是，我们能够面对挑战，战胜一切困难吗？我们能够改善他人的生活吗？我们能接受建设国家未来的责任吗？
愤世嫉俗者说，大学生是娇生惯养的失落的一代，他们会对最轻微的不适感到畏缩。但是愤世嫉俗者错了。我看到的大学生都在急切地学*如何独立生活。我们互相帮忙打扫宿舍，一起逛街砍价，兼职补充零花钱。
愤世嫉俗者说我们只关心成绩；我们忽视了性格培养的需要。但愤世嫉俗者又错了。我们彼此深切关怀，我们珍惜自由，我们珍惜正义，我们追求真理。上周，我的数千名同学进行了血型测试，以便为患有血癌的儿童做出贡献。
作为大学生，我们是处在人生关键转折点的青少年。我们都面临着一个根本性的选择:犬儒主义还是信仰，每一个都将深刻地影响我们的未来，甚至我们国家的未来。我相信我所有的同学。虽然我们仍然没有经验，甚至有点幼稚。我相信我们有勇气和信念去迎接任何挑战，承担我们的责任。我们正准备承担新的责任和任务，并利用我们接受的教育使我们的世界变得更美好。我相信我们的未来。
大家好，我今天演讲的题目是“我的梦想”。
每个人都有梦想，而且很好，我也不例外。我有一个小小的梦想，当我达到目标时，我会实现更多的梦想。开始，我还是个婴儿，一心想变得很强壮，像少林寺里的孩子一样，武功高强。但是我觉得离开父母去很远的地方练武，辛苦，有点舍不得。小时候，我有一个梦想，我希望我有钱。大人问：小姑娘，有了钱你打算怎么办？我要去买泡泡糖"如果你有很多钱？
我打算买很多泡泡糖。"如果你有钱花的话？我会买泡泡糖工厂。"天真的童年我们的确有一颗善良的心，幸福和快乐是同一首曲子。
慢慢进入小学，课程越来越深，知识越来越多。会感受到压力。现在我有一个梦想。我希望我没有；我每天没有很多作业要做。玩的有点剥夺，而我们40%的日子都禁锢在教室里，很多时间都在学*。但是在学*面前，是一种模糊的知识。俗话说，一种罕见的困惑。对事物的理解，从封建主义到资本主义，越大越觉得自己的观点是正确的。每天放学回家后忙了一天一夜的课，他又困又累，吃不到深夜吃的食物。这样的生活很单调，可能有时候会想念我的很多小学同学，有时候会带着一节课或者一副朦胧的睡相。讨厌死板的校服，我从来不到处穿。周六，周日；时间很短，孩子很想磨炼，慢慢了解生活；太难了，努力吧，梦想好了，我会努力让每个人都生活起来，早起晚睡，把握住自己，不再松懈。我也想为他们的梦想而奋斗。
我的演讲结束了，谢谢！
尊敬的各位领导、老师：
大家下午好！我叫xx，原来在xx小学工作，*几年来一直从事小学英语的教学，今年因工作调动，调整到我们xx小学工作，我感到非常的高兴，同时，也非常感谢我们学校领导能给我这样一次展示自我、成就自我的机会。我今天我竞聘的岗位是三、四年级的英语教学。
首先我说一下自己的基本情况和工作业绩：我xx年毕业于xx师专数学系，后分配到xx中学从事数学教学，xx年开始改教初中英语，xx年因身体状况，调入小学从事小学英语教学至今，xx年自考大学本科毕业，xx年被评为中学一级教师。
自工作以来，我一直兢兢业业，勤奋工作，所教科目成绩一直据全镇前列，特别是*几年来从事小学英语教学，所教班级多次获得全镇第一名，个人也多次被评为镇教育先进工作者、优秀教师，区优秀教师，个人年考核优秀等次的荣誉称号，并有多篇论文在市级报纸发表。
下面我谈一下，我竞聘英语教师的几个优势和条件：
1。有良好的师德
我为人处事的'原则是：老老实实做人，认认真真工作，开开心心生活。自己一贯注重个人品德素质的培养，努力做到尊重领导，团结同志，工作负责，办事公道，不计较个人得失，对工作对同志有公心，爱心，*常心和宽容心。自从参加工作以来，我首先在师德上严格要求自己，要做一个合格的人民教师！认真学*和领会上级教育主管部门的文件精神，与时俱进，爱岗敬业，为人师表，热爱学生，尊重学生，争取让每个学生都能享受到最好的教育，都能有不同程度的发
2。有较高的专业水*
我从xx师专数学系毕业后曾到xx师范大学进修英语教学培训，系统而又牢固地掌握了英语教学的专业知识。多年来始终在教学第一线致力于小学英语教学及研究，使自己的专业知识得到进一步充实、更新和扩展。
3。有较强的教学能力
从选择教师这门职业的第一天起，我最大的心愿就是做一名受学生欢迎的好老师，为了这个心愿，我一直在不懈努力着。要求自己做到牢固掌握本学科的基本理论知识。
熟悉相关学科的文化知识，不断更新知识结构，精通业务，精心施教，把握好教学的难点重点，认真探索教学规律，钻研教学艺术，努力形成自己的教学特色。我的教学风格和教学效果普遍受到学生的认可和欢迎。
以上所述情况，是我竞聘英语教师的优势条件，假如我有幸竞聘上岗，这些优势条件将有助于我更好的开展英语教学工作。
如果我有幸竞聘成功，能担任三四年级英语教师的话，我将从以下方面开展工作。
一是认真贯彻执行党的教育路线、方针、政策和学校的各项决定，加强学*，积极进取，求真务实，开拓创新，不断提高自己的综合素质、创新能力，用自己的勤奋加智慧，完成好教学任务。使我校的英语教学上一个大的台阶。
二是做一个科研型的教师。教师的从教之日，正是重新学*之时。新时代要求教师具备的不只是操作技巧，还要有直面新情况、分析新问题、解决新矛盾的本领。进行目标明确、有针对性解决我校的英语教学难题。
做一个理念新的教师
目前，新一轮的基础教育改革早已在我市全面推开，作为新课改的实践者，要在认真学*新课程理念的基础上，结合自己所教的学科，积极探索有效的教学方法。大力改革教学，积极探索实施创新教学模式。把英语知识与学生的生活相结合，为学生创设一个富有生活气息的真实的学*情境，同时注重学生的探究发现，引导学生在学*中学会合作交流，提高学*能力。
做一个富有爱心的老师
“不爱学生就教不好学生”，“爱学生就要爱每一个学生”。作为一名教师，要无私地奉献爱，处处播洒爱，使我的学生在爱的激励下，增强自信，勇于创新，不断进取，成长为撑起祖国一片蓝天的栋梁。用质朴的心爱护学生，用诚挚的情感染学生，用精湛的教学艺术熏陶学生，用忘我的工作态度影响学生。
尊敬的各位领导，各位老师，我会珍惜现有的每一个机会，努力工作，发挥出自己的最大能力，以高尚的情操、饱满的热情上好自己的英语课程，享受我的教学乐趣！
——初中优秀英语演讲稿实用十篇
English is a useful language all over the world. Why are we began to learn English when we were little children? Beacause it is very important for us to learn it.In the world, if you cannot speak English you will lose half a chance to success.
I began to learn English when I was 8 years old.At that moment,I do not like English.I connot remember all the words which I have learnt.I think it is very difficult for me to learn it well.So I cannot read English loudly and I never answer the questions in the English classes.
Even if my English is very bad, my teacher stll encourages me to learn English hard and he gives me some ways to learn English. He tells me to read passages loudly and listen to the English tapes everyday morning.In order to progress my writing he also asks me to write some articles at times. I like listen to the English songs,he suggests me to sing the English songs.As a result of his ways my English becomes well.
Now, I like English very well and I still use the ways he tells me.I know I must learn English even hard.
It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. This is only true if you pursue it unwisely. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money, and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money, which often succeed. So it is with happiness. If you pursue it by means of drink, you are forgetting the hangover. Epicurus pursued it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry bread, supplemented by a little cheese on feast days. His method proved successful in his case, but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more vigorous. For most people, the pursuit of happiness, unless supplemented in various ways, is too abstract and theoretical to be adequate as a personal rule of life. But I think that whatever personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be incompatible with happiness. If you look around at the men and women whom you can call happy, you will see that they all have certain things in common.
The most important of these things is an activity which at most gradually builds up something that you are glad to see coming into existence. Women who take an instinctive pleasure in their children can get this kind of satisfaction out of bringing up a family. Artists and authors and men of science get happiness in this way if their own work seems good to them. But there are many humbler forms of the same kind of pleasure. Many men who spend their working life in the city devote their weekends to voluntary and unremunerated toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes, they experience all the joys of having created beauty. The whole subject of happiness has, in my opinion, been treated too solemnly.
It had been thought that man cannot be happy without a theory of life or a religion. Perhaps those who have been rendered unhappy by a bad theory may need a better theory to help them to recover, just as you may need a tonic when you have been ill. But when things are normal a man should be healthy without a tonic and happy without a theory. It is the simple things that really matter. If a man delights in his wife and children, has success in work, and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night, spring and autumn, he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be. If, on the other hand, he finds his wife fateful, his children’s noise unendurable, and the office a nightmare; if in the daytime he longs for night, and at night sighs for the light of day, then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new regimen--a different diet, or more exercise, or what not. Man is an animal, and his happiness depends on his physiology more than he likes to think. This is a humble conclusion, but I cannot make myself disbelieve it. Unhappy businessmen, I am convinced, would increase their happiness more by walking six miles every day than by any conceivable change of philosophy.
What is future?Every time I look at the stars in the sky,I ask myself.It's realy a hard question to answer it.The universe is boundless,we don't know where are we from and where shall we go.I stand there,at sea.
Last Sunday,there was a rain of meteors.I went to the belcony towait for their coming.Above my shoulder,it was the wind.Above the wind,it was the sky,huge and blue,with sparkling stars.Suddenly,a shooting star appeared.I hurried to pray for her happiness,staring at it.I wanted to pray for more,but it had already died out.I realised ,future is not carved on the meteors,but it's now,around us.
When a fortune-teller look at your palm,she'll tell you how your future will be like.That's a way you place your hope on.But it's not realistic.The future is the things and people around you.What you should do is to try to do everything well,don't care much about the results.Be kind to all the people around you,and love them.Although the world is not full of love,the life is not a bed of rose,you should sdick on your belief.When time passes,you'll find everything you do is worth while.
Years is glorious.Because no way you can stop time from elasping.How time flies!Just like the flowers in spring,the sunshine in summer,the moon in mid-autumn and the snow in winter.Maybe one morning you'll never wake up,you'll never see the sunrise or the sunset;you'll never see your sweatheart or talk to her,you'll never hear the sound of the nature or wander on the path among the trees,you'll never swim in the lake or climb the mountains.
Time is gold.Every minute is precious.We should make best use of it.Don't waste even one minute.Spend time in working,in laughing,in playing games and in loving.
Each of us has a kite flying in the sky,and we also have a string each.
Children's kite is childhood,the string is grown.
Lovers'
kite is love,the string is daily life.
I have a kite,it is called dream,the string in my hands is reality.
The wind which makes kites fly is future.Kites are not free,but we still have power to control them and let them fly higher and higher.The string is in my hands,future is now in my hands.
Future is now,forget the fortune-teller,clench your fists!
My Dream
hi, everyone, My name is xx. i’m x years old y i will tell you My Dream.
My Dream is to be an astronaut to the moon in the future. i want to go to the moon because the moon is very beautiful, i like it. second, on the moon, i can fly in the space without plane. third, i want to research minerals to help the people on the earth. some minerals are very rare on the earth, but i can find more on the moon. some minerals people use them too much so that only a few left, i can find more on the moon. this is the most important reason for me to be the astronaut.
how can i be an astronaut? firstly, i can read some books about the space and the moon. secondly, i can learn hard now to get more knowledge. next, i should have a healthy body. i will eat more healthy food, like rice, vegetables and fruits. and i will eat less unhealthy food, such as candies and snacks. i also need do exercise to be stronger and thinner. at last, i can help others from now on. i can help teachers clean the classroom. when the classmates have something they don’t know, i can tell them. i can help My parents too; i will do more things by Myself.i believe My Dream can come true when i grow up. when i become the astronaut, i can also take you to the moon, do you like it? thank you.
The longer I live, the more I realize the impact of attitude on life.
Attitude to me is more important than facts.
It is more important than the past,than education,than money,than circumstances, than failures,than successes,than what the other people think,say,or do.
It is more important than the appearance,the giftedness or skill.
It will make or break a company,a church ,a home.
The remarkable thing is we have a choice every day, regarding the attitude we will embrace for that day.
We cannot change our past.We cannot change the fact that people will act in a certain way.We cannot change the inevitable.
The only thing we can do is play on the one stage we have.And that is our attitudes.
I am convinced that life is ten percent what happens to me ,and ninety percent how I react to it.And so it is with you.
We are in charge of our attitudes.
Good evening ,Ladies and Gentlemen:
Thank you very much for choosing to come in such a cold y my topic is about choice and process.A research shows that a man has to make 73 choices one so many choices one day, people easily get so confused and afraid of making wrong choice that they hesitate and finally miss the true part of life. In my opinion, the following part is of much more importance than the choice. There is no absolute right or wrong choice but wonderful or boring life, which the process makes the difference.
Life is a box of chocolate,you never know what you will get. Forrest Gump made no decision by and for himself but he accomplished great success with his strong will in the process. The process is not the road itself but the attitudes and feelings ,the caution, courage and persistance we have as we encounter new experience and unexpected obstacles. Take myself as an example, I changed my major when I became a postgraduate. After the choice,days have been harsh for me.I cannot understand the new lessons at all.
For they are closely related to mathmatics which I learned nothing about before. However wuth the belief that this is the great chance for me to experience new ideas and challenge myself,I persisted. I asked for help from every channel and reorgonized my life. Gradually I could understand some parts and even found maths over, I learned to act instead of complaining. In retrospect,the choice left no trace in my mind but the happiness and bitterness of the past four months becomes an unforgetable experience in my life.
Founder of Success Napoleon Hill said: "The self-confidence, manage human use and the only channel universe, Infinite Intelligence is all the 'miracle' of the foundation of all scientific laws can not be the birthplace of the mystery of miracles . "he also said that such a thought-provoking words:" If we ***yze the personality of those outstanding figures, you will see they have a common characteristic: they start work before, always fully believe in themselves the ability to remove all difficulties and obstacles, until victory! "
Indeed, in large part to promote confidence in a person's success, many people start from the history we are all evident. Confident people from distress to rescue, you can see the successful people in the dark light, can give people the power struggle. Perhaps you could say: "With confidence, you have half the success."
Work the same two people, self-confidence of people at work in a more relaxed when the Association of the way through: Dang good job done, we will consider it for our own strength, in the event Shizaiwufa completed The task, then that might be really difficult task in itself. The lack of self-confidence of people will bring success to good luck, the ability to not fail as their own home. However, as this little psychological difference, although the two spent time and energy are similar, but often more self-confident side of the gain is much greater.
How many scientists at home and abroad, especially inventors, which is not tackled on his own confidence in what the project? Will fail again and again again and again aroused their fighting spirit - they think: the more failures, the more successful near distance. But confidence is not an innocent person will be attached to the body, first of all who have genuine talent, then can there be real self-confidence, and use it as an extremely useful power. Empty full of confidence, it would only say it is presumptuous Bale. This so-called "confidence", not only failed to promote human progress, but unfriendly.
King of the hill Network commentator said: "There is no real thing, only the confidence, the future is only one - dead, and done for." This sentence sounds excessive, but in fact the only self-confidence if it is indeed a very dangerous.
Similarly, in our study, only self-confidence is not enough, self-confidence and efforts should be organically combined. Some students often see the occasion of the examination, not the least bit nervous, confidently into the examination room. However, after examination, this part of the students in some scores of deadly accuracy, and some fraction is ashamed to see people. This seems unreasonable thing is very simple: this part is both a kind of self-confidence in students, but also hard to study hard; a single self-confidence, but did not pay the effort. These two types of students are full of confidence seems to examination, but usually not the same as the accumulation of knowledge, different consequences.
So, we life, you should do first one full of classics, before a confident person. Because confidence is just a void of power, want to be successful, you have to give confidence to attach to "hard work" on the burning of the mechanical self-confidence, so confidence should force it to play out.
When Henry ford decided to produce his famous v-8 motor, he chose to build an engine with the entire eight cylinders cast in one block, and instructed his engineers to produce a design in one for the engine. The design was placed on paper, but the engineers agreed, to a man, that it was sim*** impossible to cast an eight-cylinder engine-block in one piece.
Ford said, “Produce it anyway.”
“But,” they replied, “It’s impossible!”
“Go ahead.” Ford commanded, “And stay on the job until you succeed, no matter how much time is required.”
The engineers went ahead. There was nothing else for them to do, if they were to remain on the ford staff. Six months passed and nothing happened. Another six months passed, and still nothing happened. The engineers tried every conceivable plan to carry out the orders, but the thing seemed out of the question:“impossible!”
At the end of the year ford checked with his engineers, and again they informed him they had found no way to carry out his orders.
“go right head,” said ford, “I want it, and I’ll have it.”
——无所畏惧，学无止境TED英语演讲稿优选【五】篇
thesis: government officials should post their financial information to the public
do you know “wristwatches brother” and “smile director”? yes! it’s named by netizens. because there were many pictures of him wearing at least 11 expensive wristwatches, and later he said that he had bought the watches with his salary. his real name is yang dacai, a former senior work safety official in shaanxi province. on sept 1st, liu yanfeng, a student at china three gorges university in yichang, hubei province, filed an application with the shaanxi provincial department of finance and the shaanxi provincial administration for work safety, asking for yang dacai's annual salary information. on sept 21st，both departments declined to provide the information.
do you think it is legal for the two departments to reject liu’s application?
i don’t think so. and, government officials should post their financial information voluntarily.
argument, according to chinese government information publicity regulations, government officials should disclose their financial information. the regulations stipulate that all the government information, which relate to the immediate interest of citizen, corporation or other organization and need to make the public know and participate, should be disclosed. but why liu’s application is rejected? because the authorities said that such a disclosure was "beyond the scope of voluntary information disclosure." i don’t think so. all the state agency and state functionaries must depend on the support of citizens and should keep good relationship with them. they need to listen to the suggestions and receive the supervision from people so as to serve the people better. now their financial information disclosure is the officials’ obligation but not right. on the other hand, government officials are paid by the citizens; their salaries are a matter of public interest. so i think the government public information should include the official’s financial information.
argument , citizens’ rights of knowing and overseeing government affairs should be protected.because we are socialist country, people’s right to know and right to supervise are part of socialist democracy. if the public know the truth of the government affairs, they can know what should do and what can do with reasonable judgment and behavior. furthermore, it is hollow to talk of supervision without basic fact and truth.
argument, achievements have been obtained abroad by disclosing government officials’ financial information. government officials’ assets publicity system is named “sunshine law” or “terminal anti-corruption” abroad. at present, there are nearly one hundred countries and districts having legislated officials’ assets publicity system. since 1993, japan has executed congressman assets publicity law. the assets include real estate, savings, even golf membership card. in 1993, korean congress passed official assets publicity system. it stipulates that the officials must declare their assets in a given time, even their spouse’s and children’s. and now, assets publicity has become the daily routine of korean officials.
argument 4#, disclosing the government officials’ financial information will result in many positive effects, such as tackling corruption, building up the social credit system, and establishing a harmonious society. mr medvedev, the russian president, said, corruption is one of the most sharp-pointed and most actual problems. it used to be. the future is also. anti-corruption must begin with official’s assets publication. it can satisfy the public and maintain the solemnity of the law.
so, i hope our government could publish government officials’ assets publicity system and anti-corruption law immediately. furthermore, i hope our government officials could make their financial information public voluntarily. thanks for your attention!
in the modern society study english is becoming more important and popular. but when i was young, i didn’t know of this and prefer to play outside rather than learn english. but my mother said :“english is the necessary tools to talk with foreigners, so you should study in an english class. believe yourself, you can certainly study english well!”finally i agreed my mom’s opinion and began to study ladder english when i was five.
at the beginning i was happy to study, because it was fun in the english class. we played games, and only studied five words, sentence a time. we also learned to sing a lot of english songs. in this studying environment, i was interested in english for the first time.
when i was in grade two, my mother thought that i should study english formally, so she let me study in the class of teacher ye of young palace of beijing. in her class i began to learn the new concept english and touched the grammar for the first time. teacher ye let us practice the oral english, listening and writing. although i should remember much more words than before and had to practice listening and writing every day, and must take the crowded bus to school for two hours every week, i was very happy because i could learn much knowledge that not taught in school.
with my mother and teacher’s encouragement and teaching, i studied very hard and won many prize in the competition. when i was in grade four, i passed pets 1 with the score of 88 of writing, and 5 of oral english, and i passed pets 2 in grade five. i was very happy and excited because i had the experience of talking with foreigners, and even used english to help some people when they met the communication problem. i was also very proud when the foreign
up till now, i have been studied english for about 6 years. i dee*** realize the importance of learning english. i will continue to study in the future, and i really appreciate my mother and my english teacher,too. this year beijing will host the XX olympic games, i believe that master english well will certain help me to do some useful work for this olympics.
we've all been taught that we should help people. it is the right thing to do and will make us popular with others. it may even win us favors in return. however, we must be realistic. we can't say yes to every request. if we did, we would fail or go crazy for sure. sometimes we sim*** don't have the time to help. in this case, we must know how to say no politely.
when we need to say no, here is one method we can try. first, we should tell the truth. if we really can't do something, we should just say so. second, we should remember to refuse requests politely. we must communicate clearly, but must also be sincere and sympathetic. a true friend will understand. finally, we must not feel guilty about saying no. sometimes refusing others is the right thing to do. it can save ourselves, and them, a lot of trouble. in short, we cannot please everyone all the time. refusing favors is a part of life.
Dear Mr. Li dear my schoolmates good morning!
Entrusted by the first group of schoolmates the topic of my speech is Necessity for lifelong learning.
About lifelong learning there is the famous proverb in Chinese: never too old to learn. Confucius the famous educator in ancient China also said: if I learn the Classical literature "Yi" from the age of 50 I would never make so many mistakes.
To sum up Necessity of lifelong learning is mainly based on the following reasons: First of all the knowledge of modern society changes so quickly if not to learn new knowledge in time you will soon fall behind the times. For example using the mobile Internet technology we can using a mobile phone to book a taxi pay various fees buy all kinds of goods etc. if a person may not grasp the knowledge especially senior people they will not use the convenience brought by Internet.
Secondly diligent in thinking can effectively prevent the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. This conclusion has been verified in medicine. Finally a person who maintains the habit of lifelong learning can have a stronger advantage in occupation choice. This is not only good for the person but also for the country and the society. Some people complain that they have too much work and have no time to read a book usually. But In fact lifelong learning is not only reading or having a class we can browse the web read e-books receiving distance courses through the Internet conveniently. We can learn not only knowledge but also skills.
Age cannot be a barrier to our lifelong learning. Chu Shijian once the king of China's tobacco industry had suffered a great setback before retirement. He was even put into prison. But at the age of 75 he began to study orange planting technology seriously and finally have a huge success in this area ten years late. Harland Sandoz of America began learning the fast-food lethal at his age of 83. When he was 88 years old his fast food chain often Kentucky had distributed each corner of the world.
Therefore lifelong learning is never too late to start let's start our plan today. Thank you.
Reading is the easiest skill. It is also the most widely found English language skill amongst Chinese student, Writing is a more active skill than reading. However it is still a little easier than speaking, as there is plenty of time to choose the right words look in the dictionary for help, and make corrections. Listening is the third most important language skill to learn. It is far more difficult to listen and understand spoken English than to read English in a book or in a letter. Speaking English may be the most difficult of the four language skills. It is an active skill, and requires the student to put words together into sentences without much time to prepare, and with no time for correction, yet it is the most exciting skill to have, as it opens up wonderful channels of communication with people of others cultures and countries. But this is just what we lack.
More often than not I found some of the students who get high marks in their exams showed an inability to communicate with people in English. And this enabled me to understand deeper what my first English teacher has always emphasized: listening and speaking keeping ahead; reading and writing following up. I believe this is the rule of learning a language because we learn a certain language to communicate. As we conquered the most difficult parts: listening and speaking, we would easily master the writing and reading skills.
