Dear David:
I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated 7, December sooner, but when I have told you the reason.
I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable. When your letter arrived, I was just in Hong Kong. As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up.
Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.
I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip. I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next. Sincerely yours, Tom.
Dear Zhang
I am really sorry to tell you that I was unable to attend your birthday party yesterday evening.That is owing to the fact that my old friends visited my house without telling me the exact time.I had to entertain those friends with my passion in the entire eveningand I will continue to entertain them in the following two days.
I really regret that I haven't go to celebrate your birthday personally and had missed a wonderful chance to enjoy myself with our kind colleages.I have prepared a pretty gift to you yesterday and will send to you this afternoon to show my best birthday wishes.BesidesI trust that you will understand me.
Best wishes
yours sincerely
Tom
亲爱的张
我很抱歉的告诉你，我昨晚没能来参加你的生日聚会。这是由于这样的事实，我的老朋友访问我的房子没有告诉我确切的时间。我得招待那些朋友和我在整个晚上的激情，我将继续受理以下两天。
我真后悔没有亲自去庆祝你的生日，错过了一个美妙的机会享受这种同寅与我们自己。我已经准备了一个漂亮的礼物给你，会把这个下午给我的最好的生日wishes.besidesi相信你能理解我对你。
最美好的祝福
谨上
汤姆
道歉信
Dear ______,
①I am truly sorry that ______（道歉的原因）.
②The reason is that ______（介绍原因）. ③Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. ④Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Dear David,
I am truly sorry that I cannot attend the project meeting to be held on next Tuesday afternoon.
The reason is that I am going to take a business to Shanghai by plane that day, so I will be unavailable for the meeting. However, considering the importance of the meeting, I will be grateful if you could send me a brief record of the project progress by E-mail. I will check the record and send my feedback to you.
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Dear David,
I am truly sorry that I cannot attend the project meeting to be held on next Tuesday afternoon.
The reason is that I am going to take a business to Shanghai by plane that day, so I will be unavailable for the meeting. However, considering the importance of the meeting, I will be grateful if you could(删除) send me a brief record of the project progress by E-mail. I will check(用词不当) the record and send my feedback to you.
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Dear _______ ,
I am excessively sorry to tell /say to you that _______(直接说出道歉事由). Now , I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret . Please accept my sincere apology . I hope you will understand me and excuse me for _______(请求对方原谅的事由).
the reason for my delay/absence/negligence was that _______(过失的原因). I had no time because _______(当时的情况). Therefore it’s not in my power to _______(过失导致的结果).
Naturally , I want to _______(解决问题的办法). I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me that _______(希望对方原谅自己). I wish you could accept my apology .
Sincerely yours ,
Li Ming
——高中英语作文范文 (菁华6篇)
Last night, after eating the dinner, I felt so bored, so I opened my com*r and found some amusement. Then I saw the show The Voice of America. As the show of choosing singers became so popular today, so I was so curious and tried to figure out why this show was so popular. On the first stage, the famous super stars as the mentors would turn their backs to the singers, they would turned once they wanted singers. So there only the beautiful voice that could attract the mentors’ attention, the outlook was ignored. When all the mentors got the full members, they would coach the members and helped them to competer for the champion. I think it is a good show, it gives people a fair chance to improve their talent. The singers will not refused by their homely outlook.
昨晚，晚饭过后，我感到无聊，所以我打开电脑，寻找娱乐。然后我看到了节目《美国好声音》。由于选歌手的节目在今天很受欢迎，因此我很好奇，想要弄清楚为什么这个节目这么受欢迎。在第一阶段，的超级巨星作为导师会背对着选手，如果他们想要这名选手，就会转过来。因此只有好听的声音才能吸引导师的注意，外表是被忽略的。当所有的导师满员时，他们会指导选手，帮助他们为冠军而战。我觉得这是一个好的节目，它给予了人们一个公*的机会去证明才华。歌手不会因为外貌而被拒绝
Every Chinese knows the importance of the college entrance examination, so the high school students always can feel the stress from that exam, especially when that day is nearby. Some students will not do as well as usual because of heavy stress. It is necessary to adjust their mood well before the exam.
They should not give too much pressure to themselves, instead of having usual heart. Then they can do in working order. To reach this goal, they can spare time to do some sports or just go running and keep telling themselves that the exam can’t decide their future, so they try their best would be OK and no one will blame them. The purpose is make them feel relax, as the status of relax is the best state for achieving good marks in the exam. It is helpful.
Novak Djokovic is one of the top tennis players in the world. He has won many grand slams, which is the greatest honor for a player, but there is only one grand slam he hadn’t achieved—the French Open. In the last three years, he was so close to the champion, but was defeated by the final winner. In order to fulfill career Grand Slam, he practised so hard and never felt depressed. This year, he came to the final match again, everybody wanted him to win the match, for they knew how important the champion was to him.
At the first game, he felt a little nervous and lost, but in the second and third game, he found his pace and controlled the match. At last, he beat his rival and finally fulfilled his career Grand Slam. The dream was not easy to realized but insistance helps him wins.
Friend hard to pull her to go to dinner, complaining loudly of the way the two why not in a class. She smiled, god, who can blame!
Way that Fang Xiaochi, she saw a large pool of pink located are enchanting blossoms, surrounded around a bunch of lotus leaf, lotus leaf swam under a group of red goldfish. Or play, or rest. At the moment, the sun was pouring in that some flowers on the lotus leaf, see a shadow.
She smiled, and walked on.
And then saw the great ancient camphor tree. It seems to be more big tall and straight, among a large empty seemed completely will not affect its growth. The sun shone through the leaves is.
Looked up at her and saw a large streamed into the shadow of the leaves, through the shadows, saw the sun behind her, dazzling.
That moment, her understanding, standing in the shade again low, laughing, friends stood by unknown so. But at the moment, the breeze not rashness, sun is.
Home is the place in the world that totally belongs to you.There is a song which goes like this.I want to have a home,a one place that can protect me against wind and rain.indeed, home is the shelter where we can have a safety.Everybody wants a home.those who are homeless have a strong desire for home.Only at home,can we completely share and enjoy the family love and its deep concerns for us.As the saying goes,East ,West, home is the best.When we suffer a sad back in life,home becomes the firm shelter where we can find comfort and receiving curement from my parents, so we can say home is our priceless treasure.
家是一个完全属于我们自己的地方。一首歌这样唱：“我想有个家，一个能遮风挡雨的地方……”实际上，家是我们的庇护所，能让我们感到安全。每一个人都想有一个家。那些无家可归的人们都有一个强烈的欲望——有一个家。只有在家，我们才能分享到家人对我们的关爱并承担起一定的责任。很显然，不论东方南方，家是最好的地方。一旦我们受到了委屈和痛苦回到家，家就成为了结实的庇护所，我们能够在家里安逸并且接受父母的关爱。所以，我们能够说家是无价之宝。
one sunday morning,there were some people in zhongshan park. at a stand, a woman was buying an ice-cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag away. she shouted, "stop,thief! hes snatched my bag! "heating this, a few people began to run after him. there was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby.
as the snatcher was running past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it between the snatchers legs. the young man fell down on the ground heavily. soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. the woman thanked the old man,and the people around praised the old man for his cleverness.
一个星期天的上午，中山公园里有许多人。在站台上，一位妇女正在买冰淇淋，这时站在她后面的一位年轻人偷走了她的手提包。于是她喊到：“抓贼!他偷走了我的包。”听到这些话，有几个人开始去追他。
这时附*一位老人正安静地坐在凳子上。当这个小偷经过他身边时，他很快地拿出他的伞，放在这个人的腿间。这个年轻人重重地跌倒在地上。不一会，一辆警车开过来，两名警察抓住了他。这位妇女非常感谢这位老人，周围的人也对老人的智慧赞叹不已。
——高中英语道歉信实用10篇
Dear Ms Winston,
The purpose of this is to convey to you my sincere apologies for any inconvenience you may have experience last month with respect to the installation of your Internet high speed service.
I just returned from vacation this week and found your file in my in-basket.
As soon as I reviewed your case it was clear that somehow your Jau.
20th request for a change in service had somehow slipped through the cracks.
The only possible explanation I can give is that we have recently had a number of key staff changes, which might have resulted in your letter being overlooked.
Consequently, I have directed our installation group to contact you by the end of this week to set up a time convenient to you when they could go to your house and install your new router and make the necessary adjustments to your software.
Because of this serious oversight, and as a testament to our appreciation of you as out customer , we are going to provide you with your first three months of high speed service for free charge.
There fore, your account will not be billed until June of this year.
Ms.Winston, let me assure you that what happened in your case is not typical of CableNet’s level of customer service.
We continue to be committed to providing you and all of our customers with the highest standards of service in the industry.
If you have any questions please don’t hesitate to call me at xxxxxxx.
Yours in service
Tony
Manager, customer solutions
高中老师安排作文，要学生写高中英语道歉信模板，那么高中英语道歉信模板该怎么写吗?下面是小编为大家整理的高中英语道歉信模板，希望对大家有帮助。
高中英语道歉信模板篇一
Dear Tom,
How is everything going with you?
Im terribly sorry that Im not able to go to your birthday party this Saturday afternoon. Im in Beijing now because my mother is seriously ill and will have an operation here. She is in bad need of my care these days, so Im staying here to take care of her in the hospital.
I wish you a happy birthday and hope everything will go well with the party. By the way, I have sent you the latest CD of Zhang Jie. I hope youll like this birthday present.
Im looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Wang Tao
高中英语道歉信模板篇二
Dear linda,
i am excessively sorry to say that i had failed to keep the appointment that we made last friday.
now, i am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret.
please accept my sincere apology. i hope you will understand me and excuse me for my failure to turn up.the reason for my absence was that my mother fell ill at that time.
i had no way out because i had to send her to hospital and look after her.
therefore, its not in my power to meet you.naturally, i want to suggest that we should make another appointment next time.
i shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you will be at convenience.
we may meet again and i hope to see you soon.
高中英语道歉信模板篇三
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am indeed very sorry that I missed the examination on International Business English Writing you gave last Friday. I feel awful about it and want you to know what happened that day. I suddenly fell sick early that morning and my parents had to send me to the hospital. Please find enclosed a copy of the medical bill.
I sincerely hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. I would appreciate your allowing me to take a make-up examination. I will come to your office during your office hour on Monday to discuss this possibility with you. Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience caused.
Sincerely yours,
Wang Hua
dear charlie,
kindly excuse me for my not being able to see you off at the airport this saturday as i have promised. how i wish i could have the chance to share with you my personal feelings and suggestions before you are away! i hereby send you a gift to wish you good luck. please forgive me.
cordially,
li ming
Dear Tom,
I’m very sorry that I can’t go on a trip to Beijing with you next weekend, which I have promised you. I’m writing to tell you the reason for it.(topic)
Just now, my cousin, Li Ming, who went abroad for further education last year, informed me that he would return the next Saturday morning. He asked me to pick him up at the airport with his parents. As you know, we haven’t seen each other for about a year, so I’ll have to help him in the first place.
I really hope that you can accept my apologies and understand me. I would appreciate it if you allow me to fix another time to show you around some places of interest in Beijing.
Wish you have a good time this weekend!
Yours,
Dear Jerry:
Hello! My best friend, we have not seen for a few weeks. A few days ago, Iheld a party in my house. There were a lot of friends coming to the party. Weplayed games, sang popular songs and had a big meal. But I felt unhappy duringthe party, for I failed to invite my best friend, you. I write this letter toget your for
To show my sincerity, I will have another party for you. It will be pleasantto invite you here. It is a good opportunity for you to meet many friends thatyou have not seen for a long time. The party will begin at seven o'clock on nextSunday evening in my house. Is it possible for you to come to the party? Theparty will not be complete without you. Wish to see you and get yourforgiveness. If you have some good advises for the party, please write tome.
Best wishes to you!
Jess
Dear Tom,
I’m very sorry that I can’t go on a trip to Beijing with you next weekend, which I have promised you. I’m writing to tell you the reason for it.(topic)
Just now, my cousin, Li Ming, who went abroad for further education last year, informed me that he would return the next Saturday morning. He asked me to pick him up at the airport with his parents. As you know, we haven’t seen each other for about a year, so I’ll have to help him in the first place.
I really hope that you can accept my apologies and understand me. I would appreciate it if you allow me to fix another time to show you around some places of interest in Beijing.
Wish you have a good time this weekend!
Yours,
Dear Friends,
Please accept my sincere apology for the inconvenience that I caused you by adding the extra visiting without your permission.
I had no intention of intruding on your personal life. In China, arranging interesting leisure activities for visitors is a common way to show welcome. However, as your receptionist, I should have realized that you are inclined to regard your private time as an inviolable treasure and hate to be harassed by unplanned ***.
I’m really sorry that I didn’t check with you before making such incomsiderate arrangement .All I can say is that it won’t happen again.
Sincerely,
LiLi
Dear sir or madam,
i’m writing this letter to apologize to you. i’m so sorry that we made amistake about the shipment of vacuum cleaners.
those vacuum cleaners we sent to you were meant to be sent to europeancountries, but as the old worker was retired, the new one wasn’t so experienced.besides, the model number and the price of goods in march and july are sosimilar that the worker mistaken them.
i do apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you and i will try mybest to avoid the same accident happening again.
Dear ______,
①I am truly sorry that ______(道歉的原因).
②The reason is that ______(介绍原因). ③Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. ④Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
英语道歉信范文【2】
因未能及时还书致歉Unable to return borrowed book on time
Dear Kate:
Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “Robinson Crusoe” which I read through with great interest. I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when my cousin came to see me. Never having seen the book, She was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer. However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.
Thanking you again for the loan.
Sincerely yours,
Tom
Dear Tom,
How is everything going with you?
I’m terribly sorry that I’m not able to go to your birthday party this Saturday afternoon. I’m in Beijing now because my mother is seriously ill and will have an operation here. She is in bad need of my care these days, so I’m staying here to take care of her in the hospital.
I wish you a happy birthday and hope everything will go well with the party. By the way, I have sent you the latest CD of Zhang Jie. I hope you’ll like this birthday present.
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Wang Tao
——高中英语作文10篇
As we all know, now most people enjoy reading newspapers in their spare time. Reading newspapers is a part of our daily life at present.
There are many different kinds of newspapers. According to their different publishing time, we call them daily papers, evening papers, weekly papers, and so on. Among these newspapers, the People's Daily, Guangming Daily and other national papers have more readers than the others. The People's Daily is the most important paper in our country. It is also the most popular one.
Newspapers can tell us the latest news concerning polities, economics and military affairs in our country and abroad. In the meantime, by reading newspapers, we can obtain more knowledge and broaden our outlook. With the rapid development of modern civilization, we must read newspapers in order to learn what is happening in our country and around the world, so that we can make greater progress toward the future.
一、紧扣主题突出重点
动笔之前，针对提示的文字或图片必须先认真审题，组织内容，构思提纲，理顺思路，切忌偏题，离题，东拉西扯，不得要领，一定要避免累赘繁琐，条理不清，重点不突出的失误。
二、表达正确文字流畅
强调使用课本上学到过的单词、词组、佳句确保文章简洁通顺，切忌使用随便从文曲星或词典上找来的冷僻单词，特别强调的是必须避免使用不规范的中文式表达，受欢迎的作文是用词用句实实在在，朴实无华，清晰流畅的文章。
三、结构规范时态无误
准确判断时态，语态的应用，不能交叉混杂，这部分则能充分反映学生的思维判断能力，分辨清楚正确的`时态、语态将为作文润色不少。
四、单词、标点无误
注意单词拼写、标点符号，避免细节上的失误。错拼和自造单词均会对成绩造成不良影响。
作文成绩在高考中起着至关重要的作用。另外，高考作文要求字数为120个以上，笔者认为控制在150字左右为妥，若字数太少会给人一种考生水*低下，草草了事的感觉，而且也无法表达清楚较深层次的思想。
On April 28th, my classmates and I went to the park near my school where we took part in a volunteer labor.
We got there at nine oclock. After divided into three groups, we began to work.
Each group had their own tasks. Group one planted trees and watered flowers. Group Two picked up litter left by tourists and cleaned the benches. My group wiped all the equipment in Childrens Playground. Each of us worked hard.
At about half past eleven, we finished working. Though we were tired,we were happy. It was a meaningful day for us because we had done a good deed.
Last Saturday--April 28th, my classmates and I went to the park near my school. Can you guess what we did there?Not for amusement but to take part in a volunteer labour.
We reached the park at nine oclock. The whole class was divided into three groups. I was in Group Three.
Each group had different tasks. Group One planted trees and watered flowers. Group Two was told to pick up litter left by the tourists and cleaned all the benches. The group that I was in wiped all the equipment in the Childrens Playground. All of us worked hard.
Before noon we finished working. Each of us felt a little bit tired, but we were happy because we had done a good deed。
Today, there are more and more people going on a diet.
Going on a diet keeps people from growing too fat and saves them from many inconveniences and diseases related to being overweight.
However, if carried too far, going on a diet could become extremely dangerous. Some young girls risk their lives to lose weight because they are eager to have a beautiful figure. The risk can damage their health and even can be life threatening.
Chinese diet is considered to be one of the most healthy diet in the world because it contains less sugar and fat, keeping us away from obesity. However, with the wide spread of Mc Donald’s and KFC fast food restaurants in China, many young Chinese found more and more junk food are coming into their diets. Those deep fried chips and burgers served in the western fast food restaurants are rich in sugar and fat, which has a great negative effect on our health. In order to maintain our health status, we should do more exercise. Meanwhile, keeping a balanced diet is a must with more fruit and vegetables, less butter and chocolates.
Love in high school is a very sensitive topic, the students in high school have come to the age of being mature, inside, they desire to love someone, but it is the awkward time. First, they need to focus their attention so that they can enter a better college, second, their parents are strongly objective to their love, the teachers even ban the love relationship between students. As a student, they have their own rights to love someone, the inner desire and the objection from parents and schools make them struggle to their emotions. In my opinion, high school students have so many pressure, they should put aside their love emotions for a while, they need to focus on the study, when high school time ends, they can choose their love. It is much easier, if you want to love at the time, then to love. No one will stop you.
爱在高中来说是一个很敏感的话题，高中生已经来到了即将成熟的年龄，他们渴望去爱人，但是这也是一个尴尬的时间。第一，他们需要集中精力学*，以此来考取一个好的大学，第二，他们的父母强烈反对恋爱，老师甚至禁止学生谈恋爱。作为一名学生，他们有自己的权利去爱人，内心的欲望，父母和学校的反对，让他们在情感上做挣扎。在我看来，高中生有很多压力，他们应该暂时把感情放在一边，需要集中精力学*，当高中时光结束以后，他们可以选择去爱。这容易多了，如果你那时想要去爱，就去爱。没有人会阻止你。
Nowadays, divorce rate has been rising shar* in China, because mostpeople think that its better to get divorced than stick to a bad marriage.
Butfor those couples who have children, they had better think over before gettingdivorced. Parents divorce may have some negative effects on their children.Firstly, the love of father is different from the love of mother. Children needboth of the love. Without each of the love, they may not grow up healthily.Secondly, in order to raise the family, the single parents have to work harder,so that they may have less time to accompany with their children.
The childrenmay feel neglected, which may cause mental problems. Besides, if the singleparents get married again, the children may get hurt by calling another personfather or mother. If they cant get along well with each other, the situationwill become even worse. Thus, for the sake of their children, parents are notsupposed to get divorced in a rush. They should think twice.
In 1924 Zhu Guangya was born in December in Hubei province Wuhancity.During the period of university learning physics,from 1946 to 1950 in theUnited States Department of physics University of Michigan studying nuclearphysics,and obtained a doctorate,in the spring of 1950 to return home.After1957,China participated in the atomic bomb test,and build China 's nuclear powerstation.In 1999 won the " meritorious service medal,two bombs and one satellite" known as China's " atomic bomb,missile and satellite 's father ".February26,2011 died of illness.
Since I was small, I like to play basketball, because I was effected by my father, he likes to watch basketball game so much, I will watch the basketball game with him. So when I went to school, I joined the basketball team in my class, we made up of a basketball team. Last week, we had our first match. I was asked to play in the first time, I felt so nervous, I am so afraid that I could not cooperate with my team well. When the match started, I watched the basketball and moved as the ball flied, I forgot my job, I was asked to cover the team leader. I recognized my mistake, I changed my move, at last, I covered our captain successfully, our team won the game. I learned so much from this match, team work comes first.
从我小时候起，我就喜欢打篮球，因为我收到了爸爸的影响，他很喜欢看篮球比赛，我会和他一起看比赛。所以当我上学的时候，我加入了班里的篮球队，我们组成了一只队伍。上周，我们进行了第一次的比赛。这是我第一次叫去比赛，我感到很紧张，我怕我不能和队友好好合作。当比赛开始的时候，我看着篮球，随着篮球移动，我忘记了自己的职责，我应该要掩护队长的。我认识到了我的错误，我改变了移动，最后，我成功地掩护了队长，我们队赢得了比赛。我从这场比赛学到了很多，团队合作是最重要的。
As the saying that it is never too late to learn, people are advocated to learn all their lives. Today the world is changing fast, if we get satisfied and stop to improve ourselves, then we will be kicked out soon, so self-improvement are in need of. Reading is the most effective way to get improved. Books provide us all kinds of knowledge, we can know better about the world and make ourselves the smart persons. Another way is to go to the gym. Doing exercise not only makes us look perfect, but also helps us live the healthy lifestyle. So many people work in the office and don't have the time to exercise, so they get sick easily. Only the strong body can make people live well. Reading and taking exercise are the best ways to get self-improvement, it also cost less.
俗话说活到老学到老,人们提倡终身学*。今天世界变化得很快,如果我们因为满足而去停止提高自己,那么我们很快就会被淘汰,所以自我增值是迫在眉睫。阅读是增值的最有效方式。书给我们提供了各种各样的知识,使得我们可以更好的了解世界,让自己成为聪明的人。另一种方法是去健身,锻炼不仅让我们看起来完美,同时也帮助我们拥有健康的生活方式。很多人在办公室工作,没有时间运动,所以他们很容易生病。只有强壮的身体可以让人过得好。阅读和锻炼是自我增值最好的方法,也是最便宜得方式。
In China, students have to study all the time, they need to take all kinds of important exams, their parents want their kids take the first place, so students bury their heads in the books. When talking about Chinese kids and foreign kids, it has been admitted that Chinese kids are good at exams, while foreign kids are good at hand work. I think hand work is more important than the exam, students need to do some work to make themselves' living. Chinese students need to join more activities, it can not only help them broaden their vision, but also can improve their overall quality. Besides getting high scores, students also need to learn to do some hand work, or they will become bookworms. Parents should not care so much about the exams, they should give the children more freedom, exam is not everything.
在*，学生不得不全天学*，他们需要参加各种各样的重要考试，他们的父母想要他们拿第一名，因此学生埋头苦读。当谈到*的孩子和外国的孩子时候，人们承认，*的孩子擅长考试，然而外国的孩子擅长手工活。我觉得手工活比考试更加重要，学生需要做一些活来自己适应生活。*的学生需要多参加课外活动，这不仅能帮助他们开阔眼界，也能让他们提高整体素质。除了拿到高分，学生也要学着去做一些手工活，不然他们就成为了书呆子。家长不应该太在意分数，应该给孩子更多的自由，考试不是一切。
——高中英语口语 (菁华6篇)
摘 要： 英语是一门语言，是一种在交际方面给我们用来表达思想和感情的工具。而英语教育的目的就是培养学生实际运用英语的能力。培养学生的口头表达和交际能力是高中英语老师的重要教学任务之一。如何提高学生的口语交际能力？在提高学生口语能力所遇到的困难有哪些呢？解决问题的方法又有哪些？这些都是所面临的问题，必须解决的问题。
关键词： 高中英语 口语教学 现状 对策
从语言的实用的角度来看，“说”的作用最大，就拿汉语来说，在日常生活生活中，每天应用最多的就是说。培养学生用英语*惯就非常重要。随着新课改的逐步推进，英语口语的重要性被学生所重视。但从目前的高中英语口语教学来看，还存在一些需要改进的地方。
一、高中英语口语教学现状分析
首先是缺乏语言环境。学生在汉语的大环境下学*英语，只有在课堂上那短短的时间里接触英语，其它几乎没有机会接触。并且不能保证每个学生都能够在课堂上开口讲英语，开口说英语的环境条件几乎为零了。
其次是老师能力的限制。有些老师在英语课堂上用汉语来进行教学，这让学生在课堂上既有的语言环境失去它的口语教学的意义。英语口语交际的魅力毫无体现，有可能无法提高学生的学*兴趣，在这样老师的教导下，学生无法提高学生的口语能力。
最后是学生缺乏勇气。在课堂教学中，有些学生怕说错，说不好，或者是怕老师批评而不敢开口讲英语，这些都是缺乏勇气的表现。
从普通高中的教学现状来看，学生的的口语能力与其它能力相比，口语能力是非常薄弱的。有些学生无法用完整的句子清楚的表达表达一个意思，还有些学生完全用*式的英语来表达，这些都会让听众难以理解。
二、提高高中英语口语教学效率的对策
要提高学生的口语表达能力，在高中英语口语教学中，首先要注重问候语的应用。在每一节课的开始，老师都应该用英语向学生表示问候，这样可以增加师生之间的感情，还可以锻炼学生的口语。学生听的多，自然就会讲，也知道该在怎样的语言环境应用。
其次，要让英语课堂成为用英语的课堂。在英语课堂上，应该用英语教学，并多让学生开口讲英语。教学中教师通常可采用以下方法进行：
2。1复述法
教师教学一段文章后，引导学生找关键词，关键句，加上自己的所学的知识上去把短文复述出来。对于高中生来说，成绩可以的可以胜任这项任务，但是成绩差的就可能完成的不够理想，但作为老师，我们应该多照顾有待提高的学生，让他们感觉的到的关心，他们更愿意开口讲英语，从而得到锻炼的目的。
2。2自由交谈
在每节课我们都应该留点时间来进行英语自由交谈。自由交谈并不是想说什么就说什么，而是老师给出一个主题，让学生用英语进行交谈，让学生在这些活动中通过交流和合作，锻炼听说的交际能力，英语老师应该利用高中生感兴趣的话题来命题，来激发学生开口说的兴趣。而有些学生不敢开口讲英语，英语老师就应该帮助学生解除思想负担，让他们鼓足勇气，大胆的开口说英语。在活动中，如果发现学生出现语音、语调或语法上的错误，老师不应该立即打断学生来纠正错误，这样是错误的。有些学生的基础差，语音和语调不标准，这让基础差的学生怕开口讲英语，缺乏自信。老师应让学生大胆的讲，讲完了应马上给予口头鼓励，如Wonderful！Good！Well done！等来鼓励学生，让他们拥有成就感，随后在把不足的地方给学生指出来，学生也非常乐意的接受。最后，讲事。在课堂上，每天一位学生讲一个简单的事件。让发生在他周围的事件讲给其它同学听，再让学生复述。
2。3课外活动
高中生正是对什么事情都好奇的年龄，求知欲旺盛，外界的一事一物都会受到吸引，因此，我们应在课堂外应丰富学生的生活，给学生创造语言环境。首先，美国大片的播放。应用多媒体，播放好看的美国大片，在满足他们的跟随潮流的心理，也给学生创造了语言环境。在看电影的同时，大部分学生的注意力几乎会全部集中在电影上，视觉和听觉完全结合起来，会得到意想不到的效果。电影结束后，让学生用英语来表达他们对本部电影的看法，各抒己见，从而听与说得到锻炼。也可以让学生模仿电影中他认为可以的句子。然后，开设英语角。为照顾高一刚进校的学生，也为配合教材的教学，每次英语角都可以大体规定自由交谈的主要话题。例如在Unit 1 Body Language中讲的是肢体语言。教师就可以在英语角讨论肢体语言的重要性，也讨论在不同的国家中，有些相同的肢体语言表达不同的意思。
三、结束语
要提高高中学生的口语交际能力，教师应该想尽一切可以让学生开口讲英语的办法，只要让学生开口讲，就成功了一半。在开口讲的基础上，再通过语言环境的创设，英语口语表达也就顺理成章了。
[1] 董春燕。 高中英语口语教学研究[J]。 吉林教育， 20xx（16）。
[2] 程晓薇。 高中英语口语教学刍议[J]。 学周刊， 20xx（29）。
[3] 张玲。 高中英语口语教学有效性之初探[J]。 商业文化， 20xx（08）。
【摘要】口语能够体现学生英语语言的使用能力，是学生拓宽英语学*方式的渠道，也是学生获得新知识的有效方法。但是传统教学中，英语口语的教学起步晚而且往往被忽略。究其原因，主要因为学生缺乏对目标文化的了解，缺乏相应的对话环境。他们不能准确控制说话的时间、选择说话的内容。此外，教授者也应改变以往那种“重教轻学，重知轻能”的简单陈旧的教法，探寻更多灵活多样的教学方法。针对这一现状，笔者尝试探寻有效途径，如下：克服心理恐惧，重树学生表达信心;
密切听、说联系，将模仿转化为内在能力;循序渐进，养成良好的听、说*惯;加强课文复述，掌握英语思维方式;以课堂活动为载体，体验语言交流的乐趣。
【关键词】英语教学;口语;表达能力;方法
英语作为一门语言，交往的功能更为重要。口语能够体现学生英语语言的使用能力，是学生拓宽英语学*方式的渠道，也是学生获得新知识的有效方法。但是传统教学中，英语口语的教学起步晚而且往往被忽略。究其原因，主要因为学生缺乏对目标文化的了解，缺乏相应的对话环境。他们不能准确控制说话的时间、选择说话的内容。
此外，教授者也应改变以往那种“重教轻学，重知轻能”的简单陈旧的教法，探寻更多灵活多样的教学方法。
一、克服心理恐惧，重树学生表达信心
大部分学生在听和说方面有很大的困难，仅仅是因为他们心理上对于这部分有恐惧感。当听的时候，他们注意力集中在个别单词上而不是整个句子;或者特别在意中文意思而不是注重整句英语句子所表达的意境。学生总是会试着把逐个单词翻译成中文，当碰到生词时就认为那是个障碍。当他们遇到的障碍越多，他们的压力也会越大。
当用口语表达时，他们总是会先思考中文然后再翻译过来。学生对于语法和句子结构太过在意，而忽视了语言实际使用的口语化方式。当他们不知道用哪个单词表达时，他们就会失去信心，再也不敢开口。
除了心理因素，另外一个重要因素就是学生害怕错误。作为老师，我们应该缓解学生的心理压力，并多鼓励学生让他们建立自信。
二、密切听、说联系，将模仿转化为内在能力
作为一个英语学生，应该了解听和说之间的紧密联系。他们就好比鱼和水的关系，在语言学**存。任何语言的学*，都有一个规则，听第一位紧跟着就是模仿、说。哑人之所以不能说话就是因为他们丧失了听的能力。如果你想讲英语，首先你得集中精力在听地道的本国语产品上，如录音带、电视节目、歌曲等等。另外和本土人交流也很有重要，多听他们的语音语调能够纠正你的错误同时强化你的听力。只有多加强听力，学者去模仿消化从而转为自己的能力，运用在实践中。这样你就能跟上交谈者或对影片也能更好的理解。
三、循序渐进，养成良好的听、说*惯
学生要培养或进一步加强你的口语能力，必须要有持之以恒的态度。对于听力和口语学生也要形成良好的学**惯。我们知道最佳的语言学*过程是那些好的*惯的形成和对于语言自然而然的运用的过程而不是学*一味的概念和理论的过程。熟练的对语言结构的理解被认为是学*这门语言科学的理论，但熟悉的使用一门语言仅仅是形成了良好的*惯，只有当我们可以用英语思考和对话才是真正的掌握了英语。
为了帮学生形成好的听力*惯，老师应该尽可能的营造一个和谐良好的氛围，使学生尽可能放松。我们可以让学生听些音乐来放松自己，也可以用不同的课堂任务来让学生集中在不同的重点上。可以让学生先针对问题一些简单的问题快速听一遍，然后在第二次听的时候可以提出一些相对难一些的问题，这样就可以让学生在练*听力时懂得集中在一些相关的单词和句子上。第三次听的时候，老师可以要求学生概括整篇内容的大意。当然在这些练*过程中，我们老师应该时刻提醒学生记得不要去汉译任何内容。在概括总结的过程中，学生无形中会慢慢锻炼组合句子的能力。在课堂上，作为老师应该尽可能鼓励学生用英语思维来思考问题并把握一切机会来鼓励学生说出来。
在我看来，自由交谈是很好的一种方法。在每节课老师都应该留几分钟时间让学生在同学面前自由得表达一切他们想说的东西，可以分享自己的亲身经或者谈论关于别人生活中的任何事情。老师在这个环节的作用就是尽最大可能来鼓励学生说出来。
四、加强课文复述，掌握英语思维方式
一些中学生对于英语的学*不是很钻研。根据我的经验，复述所学过的文章是提升英语表达能力很好的一种方法。复述是指让学生用自己对文章的理解来模仿性的描述该篇文章，和背诵或者复述文章关键性句子是有区别的。复述需要学生自己的想象力、对于文章的评论、建议和流利的口语表达能力。因此。这是个很辛苦的工作，但在学*课文的同时又能锻炼自身的口语这是很不错的方法。
首先，可以使老师了解自己学生对于整篇课文理解掌握的情况，进一步升华教学方式，提高教学质量。明确的表述出文章的主要思想，甚至对于文章的评论和建议，体现了学生对文章的理解和锻炼了学生如何运用自己的语言表达的能力。第二，这也能提高学生的英语口语。这样慢慢得引导学生去丢弃原先处理文章的错误方式和只关心自己分数的想法。这样更能促进学生对于英语口语的兴趣，同样老师也应该更多得关注他们勇于表述的勇气而不是语法错误。从而为学生建立轻松的环境来让学生随意得表达，鼓励他们成为真正课堂上的主人。第三，同样对于锻炼学生的逻辑思维能力是很有帮助的，等他们大声地表达出自己对于课文的理解后，接下来应该给他们一些时间来自由的思考和评论大家的对于文章的理解。通过这些过程来让学生学会分析总结，拥有自己的观点想法，纯英文的思维方式。
五、以课堂活动为载体，体验语言交流的乐趣
英语教学是一门最为开放的学科，它涉及的面广，应用性极强。
新教材口语课的编写也贴*生活，朝着适应现代化教学模式迈进。如果作为教师只是简单地照本宣科，是吸引不了学生的，教学只能是双方枯燥、呆板的授与听的过程。老师应该让学生在不同是实践活动中去学*。例如角色扮演，我们知道角色扮演适合所有不同层次的学生，它包括一系列不同的活动，从根据特定信息的简单对话到复杂的舞台表演。
有些学生会发现角色扮演比自由讨论容易，因为他们不需要面对原始材料的认知挑战，可以缓解口语交际汇中的焦虑感，同时也有利于开展合作学*。另外，游戏也是很好的方式，它能够帮助学生摆脱结构束缚，从而在真实语境中用英语自如地交际。典型的课堂游戏有猜测游戏、拼图游戏等。这些方式都可以使学生在锻炼口语的同时也可以加深对与单词的记忆。对于日常会话我们也可以加入到课堂游戏中，日常会话包括问候、分别、赞美、道歉、致谢等，已经形成一种固定模式，这些表达不需要思考可以立刻表达出来。
以上被提及用来培养学生英语口语能力的方法并不是一通百通的。老师应根据不同的课程选择不同的项目。甚至对于相同的学生，我们也应该在不同的阶段运用不同的方法。同时，在倡导素质教育的时代，口语教学越来越重要，我们老师自身也应该不断学*，更新自身素质，灵活运用各种教学方法，赋予学生爱的关怀。
摘 要:我们知道,对于英语学*,听说读写必须样样具备,而对我们*学生来说,说、读、写都是比较容易做到的,唯独听,英语听力严重困扰着广大的中学生。鉴于我国考试制度的原因,初中生必须加强听力训练,掌握一定的听力技巧,这样才能取得优异的成绩。随着国际交往的加深,英语已经成为主要的国际通用语言,因此,我们必须学好英语,做到能听懂、能理解英语。在本文中,笔者主要提出了一些优化初中英语听力教学的对策,希望能提高英语的听力教学效果。
关键词:优化 初中英语 听力教学 对策
对于教学和学*来说,没有捷径可走,但是也要讲究方式方法,凡事都具有一定的规律性,只要我们按照学科的特征进行教学,采取有针对性的措施,我们就会收到良好的学*和教学效果。我们知道,“学贵得法。”学*英语也有一定的方法可循。针对初中英语中的听力教学,英语教师必须熟知学情,改变现有的教学方式,革新教学环境,打造优质高效的听力课堂教学模式。
一、 革新教学环境,构建良好师生关系
以往的教学环境,往往是教师唱主角,老师的威严让学生望而生畏,由此师生之间的关系往往不融洽。初中生虽然已经有些懂事,但对老师的做法,他们还是很不理解的,为此,学生出现了厌学、甚至逃学的情况。针对初中英语中的听力教学来说,必须排除杂质,让学生在和谐有序的环境中学*,教师必须改变现有的课堂教学氛围,努力革新教学环境,构建良好和谐的师生关系。作为英语教师,我们必须按照素质教育和新课改的精神要求,实现人本化教育,主动走*学生,关爱学生,在课堂上尊重学生,理解学生,以学生的视角去关注学生,*等地对待学生,实现体验式和主体参与式教学,实现课堂教学环境的活化,打消学生的一切顾虑,营造轻松愉快的课堂教学氛围,让学生敢于发表自己的意见和看法,实现第一时间的师生交流和沟通,为有效的英语听力教学创造条件。
二、 认真备课,做好课堂规划
一堂成功的英语听力课程教学,不是毫无目的的教学,而是有针对性的计划和规划,通过一定时间的练*可以有效地提高学生的英语听力能力。我们知道,“凡事预则立,不预则废。”优质高效的听力课堂是需要师生共同打造的,对于教师来讲,要上好一堂成功的听力课,其重要的法宝就是备课,精良的备课是保障课堂教学有序有效进行的武器。教师的备课必须摆脱敷衍教学的诟病,教师备课不仅要备教材,备教参,还要备学生,备学情。首先,在英语听力课的知识方面,教师要以新大纲为指导,以教材为依据,既要防止超纲教学,又要切实达到教学目的。教材内容的设置具有极强的科学性和逻辑性,只有老师自己先明白了教材的情况,然后才能采取措施,实现高效的教学。教学的主体是老师,但教学的主要任务是学生的学*,所以,我们不能忽视学生在教学中的地位,要突出了解学生,只有掌握了学生的实际情况,我们才能对症下药,才能整合教材内容,重组听力课堂。教师的英语听力课堂备课,必须突出听力教学的重点,突破教学的难点,让学生对听力学*有信心,这就要求教师在备课的时候还要难易结合,让学生有所成就感,了解学生在英语听力上的接受能力和学*现状,了解学生之间的差异,备课时要采取合适的方法与方式对不同层次的学生进行有针对性的引导和教学。
三、 与时俱进,革新教学方法
英语听力的教学不同于简单的数学练*,它是需要花费很多时间和精力的,这就首先要保证学生不讨厌听力学*,因为长时间的反复练*会让人产生厌恶感。以往的初中英语听力教学,一般就是一开始老师就播放听力材料,学生寻找正确答案,没有留给学生一定的缓冲时间和思考的空间,往往教学效率低下。我们知道“磨刀不误砍柴工”,在英语听力课堂,我们可以先勾起学生的学*兴趣,让学生在热烈的气氛中,开展听力学*。这样,教师不可墨守陈规,要与时俱进,根据教材内容和学情来调整教学方式和教学方法。我们可以尝试,在听力课堂的起始阶段,先让学生齐唱一首英文歌曲,或者观看聆听一段英语对白视频,让学生进入听力的佳境,紧紧抓住学生的学*兴趣,吸引学生的注意力,调控学生的学*情绪,让他们尽快进入学*的状态,然后再开展听力训练,这样就会大大提高教学效果了。
要想提高听力教学的效果,老师还必须要做到给学生营造一个听力的场所,让学生敢说,能听。在日常的英语课堂教学中,多让学生参与教学过程,让学生多说多听,逐步培养听力能力。
四、 狠抓基础知识,找准方法途径
英语听力教学使学生听力和语言理解能力有机地结合,要想有较好的听的能力,就必须具备一定的英语知识,如英语词汇、语法、语音、英语国家的风俗人情等都是我们必须了解的知识,掌握这些基础知识,对提高我们英语听力的学*具有极大的帮助作用。听力教学,重在听,听的过程也是信息反馈的过程,信息反馈就需要内化知识,所以要想有良好的听力素质,就必须掌握正确的英语发音,如果没有掌握这一基本功,那么听力课就不可能达到良好的效果,听不出正确的英语词汇和语句,还谈什么理解。所以要想提高听力能力就必须苦练发音,能正确地读出音标。在日常学*中,要学会跟读,跟着磁带、光盘等英语标准人士的语音来读。听力文章都是由词汇组成的,词汇是学*英语的基础,当然也是练好听力的基础,所以初中生要想提高英语听力水*,就必须努力积累英语词汇,能熟烂于心,听到之后能争取理解句子的含义。语法作为语言的组织规律,我们在授课过程中,必须让学生学懂语法。另外还要让学生了解一些英语语系的`风俗人情,这对英语课的学*也是很有帮助的。
摘要:口语能力具有语言和情感双重功能，提高口语能力有助于降低语言焦虑，从而提高学*动机、增强学*自信。培养口语能力的课程化策略，即建构口语教学的校本课程，即创建基本理念，确立课程目标，设计课程结构，选编课程内容，提出实施建议。
关键词:英语口语；校本课程；开发原则；建设路径
一、研究背景
英语中有交际能力与口语交际能力之分，前者指运用各种语言和非语言（如手势，面部表情等）手段进行交际的能力，包括:语言能力、篇章语言能力、社会语言能力和策略能力；后者是指用口语进行交流的能力，以达到交际目的的能力。高中生口语能力主要指通过口头综合运用语言的能力，是交际能力外化的一种表现。笔者曾经对高一年级686位学生做过一次问卷调查，结果显示：对英语口语很感兴趣的同学占45%；对英语口语兴趣一般的占30%；而对英语口语不感兴趣的占25%；在个别访谈中，针对“为何对口语不感兴趣”的问题，大部分学生说“听不懂录音”“听不懂老师讲的英语”“*时很少主动训练口语”。造成高中生口头表达能力薄弱的原因大致有三：一是英语课堂缺乏良好的口语环境，学生很少有自然进行口头表达的机会，即便是复述课文，也是照着课文读，很少真正做到综合运用语言；二是教师忽略了高中生口语能力的培养，认为口语教学是初中阶段的课程目标；三是现行高考还没有把口试成绩纳入总分，只是把口试等级（成绩）作为填报志愿的参考依据，一定程度上抑制了学生口语实践的动机。针对许多高中生对口语学*兴趣不浓、口语教学与评价不足的现状，本文力图探究英语口语能力培养的课程化策略。
二、高中生英语口语能力培养的重要性
在中学英语听说读写四种技能中，“说”的技能至关重要。若把交际能力比作一辆小车，听说读写就是其四个车轮，每个车轮缺一不可，且要保持*衡，车子才能正常运行。同理，“说”与“听读写”之间存在相互作用、相辅相成的关系。一方面，说和写同属产出性技能（productiveskills），说与写存在逻辑序列关系，从说到写是口语向书面与的转换；听和读同属接受性技能（receptiveskills），前者是听觉输入信息，后者是视觉输入信息。另一方面，听和说属于口语（spokenlanguage），读与写属于书面语（writtenlanguage）；口语是第一性的（primary）、书面语是第二性的（secondary），在语言教学过程中，一般也遵循听说领先、读写跟上的原则，即便在高中阶段也要关注口语能力的培养，现有教材十分重视编写相关内容。概言之，听说读写语言技能之间存在相互交织、相互促进的作用。口语能力不仅具有语言功能，而且也有情感功能。Krashen（1985）［1］认为，影响外语学*有三种因素：动机、自信与焦虑。动机是推动人们从事某种行为以达到一定目的之动力，学*动机分为外部动机和内部动机，前者来自于外部因素的影响（如教师或同伴等），后者来自内部的动力（需求、兴趣、求知欲、态度等）。自信是自尊感得到满足的一种情感体验，也是学*者对学*能力和学业成绩的信心；自信由自我效能和自敬两个相互关联的成分构成。焦虑是一种变态情绪，表现为焦急、不安和忧虑，它与学业成绩、水*考试成绩、口头和书面表达能力自信心、自尊心之间都存在负相关；外语学*中存在语言焦虑，即指学生因达不到预期的学*目标而产生的自尊心、自信心受挫。从上述调查结果看，高中生缺少自主训练口语，可能与语言焦虑偏高有关。［2］因此，加强口语能力培养，有助于保持从事口语实践的兴趣，增强学*自信，促进持续的学*驱动力。
三、高中生英语口语能力培养课程化策略
《普通高中英语课程标准（20xx年版）》把学业质量设置为三个水*，每一级水*主要表现为学生在不同复杂程度的情境中，运用知识、技能以及各种重要概念、方法和观念解决问题的关键特征。［3］所谓“课程化”，即根据课程标准结构要素构建口语教学的校本课程，该课程包含基本理念、课程目标、课程结构、课程内容、实施建议五个部分。
1.基本理念
高中口语教学校本课程的基本理念一分为三。第一，创设听说情境，诱发言说欲望。创设带有情感色彩、符合教学内容的实体情境、言语情境或想象情境，以能够刺激学*者感官和思维；为以情境为纽带、以听说为核心、以活动为载体的口语教学为选材依据，有助于引发学生他们积极的学*体验。第二，立足学情分析，满足个性需求。农村地区英语学*者口语水*相对薄弱，他们比较爱面子，不敢大胆开口言说；教师要从学生认知水*出发，选择和编写符合个性化需求的真实语料，让不同层次的学生都能学有材料、学有所成。第三，秉持循序渐进，发展语言能力。与读写能力一样，口语能力发展具有明显的渐进性和持续性特点，口语教学校本课程要从高一开始实施、三个学年不间断，形成分层次分阶段口语能力培养机制，在逐渐积累过程中帮助学生有序发展综合运用语言能力。
2.课程目标
高中口语教学校本课程总体目标是：通过听说音感训练提高学生的语感水*，进而促进学生语言技能协调发展、学*情感健康发展。参照新课标学业质量三个水*的设置思路，提出三个口语的具体能力目标，分别对准高一、高二、高三。水*一：在口头表达中，能够根据交际场合和交际对象的身份，选择恰当的表达方式（如正式/非正式、直接/委婉）；能够表达意义、意图和情感态度；能够借助体态语或图表等非语言手段达到表达效果。水*二：在比较复杂的语境中，能够口头描述自己或他人的经历；能够表达情感态度，描述事件发生、发展的过程；能够描述人或事物的特征，阐释和说明自己的观点。水*三：在比较复杂的语境中，能够口头描述自己或他人的经历，表达情感态度；能够描述事件发生、发展的过程；能够描述人或事物的特征，说明概念、并评论观点、事件和经历（同上）。
3.课程结构
高中口语教学校本课程的结构分三个部分：一是设计思路，根据高中学段三个年级，设计涵盖三个年级的校本课程，取名为“高中英语口语教学校本课程”，确定为选修课程，从20xx级高一开始使用，教学进度与国家教材基本同步。所学话题与模块1至模块6保持一致；课程开发之后独立装订成册，发给每个学生和课任老师，作为口语教学的必备手册；二是勾勒课程结构示意图（如表1），明确所教年级、对应模块、教学话题、年度课时以及课程学分。必须说明的是：口语课程作为“走班选修课”，原则上每学期10个学时，可以安排每周一个学时、10周完成，或者安排每周2个学时、隔周上课，也可以安排每学年的上学期选修课；对学生学业表现进行评价，纳入高中总学分。
4.课程内容
口语课程内容与1-6模块话题相互关联，以便国家课程与校本课程同步推进、相辅相成。由于篇幅限制，本文只列出与第一模块相对应的口语教学话题。hina,whatwouldyouwanttosaytohim?5.实施建议第一，朗读教学、模仿创新。朗读是增强音感的重要方法，朗读是有声阅读，口耳并用，有助于大脑认知加工、使所学内容进入尝试记忆。朗读材料可选用教材课文，或精选趣味性强、有故事情节的美文，如新概念英语2-3册课文，文字浅显、语言幽默、短小精悍，易读度很强。第二，选择内容、尊重差异。口语校本课程内容，原则上多于规定课时所用的材料，这样学生可根据自己的喜好选择相应的朗读材料或口语素材。在课堂任务设计时，教师可以从学生立场出发，提供不同层次的学*任务，让学生完成某一个层次的任务，使不同学生都学有所得。第三，问题解决、以评促学。问题设置是激发思维、促进口语训练的有效方法。问题设计应从学生和情境出发，由易到难、由浅入深、层层推进，引导学生有话可说。问题解决评价是即时评价，教师根据学生的课堂表现及时作出评价与反馈，营造宽松的课堂氛围，降低语言焦虑。第四，活动教学、体验学*。活动教学即组织综合性、关联性和实践性的课堂活动，引导学生学*理解、应用实践，把已知和新知迁移到新的学*情境之中。体验学*即学生在活动中知识与情感互动、语言知识与思维能力互动、文化意识与学*能力互动，在互动过程中增强学*体验。［4］
四、小结
培养口语能力的课程化策略，即建构口语教学的校本课程，其中基本理念包括创设听说情境——诱发言说欲望、立足学情分析——满足个性需求、秉持循序渐进——发展语言能力［5］；课程目标设置三个水*，分别指向高一、高二、高三；课程结构包括设计思路和指向课堂实践的结构示意图；课程内容涉及30个话题、20个视觉和音频文本；实施建议包含朗读教学—模仿创新、选择内容—尊重差异、问题解决—以评促学、活动教学—体验学生四个方面。
“口语不是学出来的，是练出来的。”外语口语学*对*人来说一向是弱项，要想大胆说出英语，应做到以下几点：
一、从背简单句开始
*人学英语的最大问题就是发音是否标准。针对基础比较弱和基础比较好两类不同的英语学*者的角度提出建议。对于英语基础比较薄弱的学*者，建议背诵大量的简单、实用的句子，比如‘I quit’。这些句子积累到一定的量再进入下一阶段口语的学*。对于*学生来说，学了10多年英语，词汇量、语法上问题都不大，关键是运用能力不够。
学英语时，我们会不自觉地用汉语思维，然后再翻译成英文，所以要不断练*，达到尽量用英语进行思维的程度，所谓“熟能生巧”。
很多人*时练得不错，但一见老外就讲不出来。克服心理的障碍很重要，怎么做呢？“给自己一些心理暗示，比如‘说英语很简单’、‘我能说得好’等。另外也可以先找一些英语说得好的*人交流，多看英文报纸和英文电影，适应一下，等具备了一定的自信就可以了。”
二、日常生活中的口语
“对于基础好的英语学*者来说，他们要解决的问题就是，如何才能大段大段流利地说出英文。”建议他们可以背一些经典的英语小短文，适应语速，模仿电影里的发音。“还有一个具体情境下运用的问题，有的时候我们背诵的是正确的，但运用起来就不一定了。还要了解西方文化*俗、西方人的思维方式。而且还要注意语体，跟朋友讲话与跟上司讲话表达的方式也是不一样的。”
专家最后介绍说，学*口语是个日积月累的过程，重要的是用轻松的心态去学*口语，找到学*的乐趣。
学口语不一定要单词、语法什么的都觉得非常好再去学，在日常生活中也可以学，比如坐地铁时，注意听广播里报站名，也是一种学*口语表达的方式，注意看广告里的英语也是一种学*。
三、看英文电影是很有效的方法
第一遍可以先看带中文字幕的，第二遍再看英文字幕，会议一下第一遍听的是不是正确，第三编就不看任何字幕。一部电影最起码看三遍，这个方法很有效。
四、其他方法
看一些原版小说和老外写的英文教材，勇敢地说出口。
摘要:口语能力具有语言和情感双重功能，提高口语能力有助于降低语言焦虑，从而提高学*动机、增强学*自信。培养口语能力的课程化策略，即建构口语教学的校本课程，即创建基本理念，确立课程目标，设计课程结构，选编课程内容，提出实施建议。
关键词:英语口语；校本课程；开发原则；建设路径
一、研究背景
英语中有交际能力与口语交际能力之分，前者指运用各种语言和非语言（如手势，面部表情等）手段进行交际的能力，包括:语言能力、篇章语言能力、社会语言能力和策略能力；后者是指用口语进行交流的能力，以达到交际目的的能力。高中生口语能力主要指通过口头综合运用语言的能力，是交际能力外化的一种表现。笔者曾经对高一年级686位学生做过一次问卷调查，结果显示：对英语口语很感兴趣的同学占45%；对英语口语兴趣一般的占30%；而对英语口语不感兴趣的占25%；在个别访谈中，针对“为何对口语不感兴趣”的问题，大部分学生说“听不懂录音”“听不懂老师讲的英语”“*时很少主动训练口语”。造成高中生口头表达能力薄弱的原因大致有三：一是英语课堂缺乏良好的口语环境，学生很少有自然进行口头表达的机会，即便是复述课文，也是照着课文读，很少真正做到综合运用语言；二是教师忽略了高中生口语能力的培养，认为口语教学是初中阶段的课程目标；三是现行高考还没有把口试成绩纳入总分，只是把口试等级（成绩）作为填报志愿的参考依据，一定程度上抑制了学生口语实践的动机。针对许多高中生对口语学*兴趣不浓、口语教学与评价不足的现状，本文力图探究英语口语能力培养的课程化策略。
二、高中生英语口语能力培养的重要性
在中学英语听说读写四种技能中，“说”的技能至关重要。若把交际能力比作一辆小车，听说读写就是其四个车轮，每个车轮缺一不可，且要保持*衡，车子才能正常运行。同理，“说”与“听读写”之间存在相互作用、相辅相成的关系。一方面，说和写同属产出性技能（productiveskills），说与写存在逻辑序列关系，从说到写是口语向书面与的转换；听和读同属接受性技能（receptiveskills），前者是听觉输入信息，后者是视觉输入信息。另一方面，听和说属于口语（spokenlanguage），读与写属于书面语（writtenlanguage）；口语是第一性的（primary）、书面语是第二性的（secondary），在语言教学过程中，一般也遵循听说领先、读写跟上的原则，即便在高中阶段也要关注口语能力的培养，现有教材十分重视编写相关内容。概言之，听说读写语言技能之间存在相互交织、相互促进的作用。口语能力不仅具有语言功能，而且也有情感功能。Krashen（1985）［1］认为，影响外语学*有三种因素：动机、自信与焦虑。动机是推动人们从事某种行为以达到一定目的之动力，学*动机分为外部动机和内部动机，前者来自于外部因素的影响（如教师或同伴等），后者来自内部的动力（需求、兴趣、求知欲、态度等）。自信是自尊感得到满足的一种情感体验，也是学*者对学*能力和学业成绩的信心；自信由自我效能和自敬两个相互关联的成分构成。焦虑是一种变态情绪，表现为焦急、不安和忧虑，它与学业成绩、水*考试成绩、口头和书面表达能力自信心、自尊心之间都存在负相关；外语学*中存在语言焦虑，即指学生因达不到预期的学*目标而产生的自尊心、自信心受挫。从上述调查结果看，高中生缺少自主训练口语，可能与语言焦虑偏高有关。［2］因此，加强口语能力培养，有助于保持从事口语实践的兴趣，增强学*自信，促进持续的学*驱动力。
三、高中生英语口语能力培养课程化策略
《普通高中英语课程标准（20xx年版）》把学业质量设置为三个水*，每一级水*主要表现为学生在不同复杂程度的情境中，运用知识、技能以及各种重要概念、方法和观念解决问题的关键特征。［3］所谓“课程化”，即根据课程标准结构要素构建口语教学的校本课程，该课程包含基本理念、课程目标、课程结构、课程内容、实施建议五个部分。
1.基本理念
高中口语教学校本课程的基本理念一分为三。第一，创设听说情境，诱发言说欲望。创设带有情感色彩、符合教学内容的实体情境、言语情境或想象情境，以能够刺激学*者感官和思维；为以情境为纽带、以听说为核心、以活动为载体的口语教学为选材依据，有助于引发学生他们积极的学*体验。第二，立足学情分析，满足个性需求。农村地区英语学*者口语水*相对薄弱，他们比较爱面子，不敢大胆开口言说；教师要从学生认知水*出发，选择和编写符合个性化需求的真实语料，让不同层次的学生都能学有材料、学有所成。第三，秉持循序渐进，发展语言能力。与读写能力一样，口语能力发展具有明显的渐进性和持续性特点，口语教学校本课程要从高一开始实施、三个学年不间断，形成分层次分阶段口语能力培养机制，在逐渐积累过程中帮助学生有序发展综合运用语言能力。
2.课程目标
高中口语教学校本课程总体目标是：通过听说音感训练提高学生的语感水*，进而促进学生语言技能协调发展、学*情感健康发展。参照新课标学业质量三个水*的设置思路，提出三个口语的具体能力目标，分别对准高一、高二、高三。水*一：在口头表达中，能够根据交际场合和交际对象的身份，选择恰当的表达方式（如正式/非正式、直接/委婉）；能够表达意义、意图和情感态度；能够借助体态语或图表等非语言手段达到表达效果。水*二：在比较复杂的语境中，能够口头描述自己或他人的经历；能够表达情感态度，描述事件发生、发展的过程；能够描述人或事物的特征，阐释和说明自己的观点。水*三：在比较复杂的语境中，能够口头描述自己或他人的经历，表达情感态度；能够描述事件发生、发展的过程；能够描述人或事物的特征，说明概念、并评论观点、事件和经历（同上）。
3.课程结构
高中口语教学校本课程的结构分三个部分：一是设计思路，根据高中学段三个年级，设计涵盖三个年级的校本课程，取名为“高中英语口语教学校本课程”，确定为选修课程，从20xx级高一开始使用，教学进度与国家教材基本同步。所学话题与模块1至模块6保持一致；课程开发之后独立装订成册，发给每个学生和课任老师，作为口语教学的必备手册；二是勾勒课程结构示意图（如表1），明确所教年级、对应模块、教学话题、年度课时以及课程学分。必须说明的是：口语课程作为“走班选修课”，原则上每学期10个学时，可以安排每周一个学时、10周完成，或者安排每周2个学时、隔周上课，也可以安排每学年的上学期选修课；对学生学业表现进行评价，纳入高中总学分。
4.课程内容
口语课程内容与1-6模块话题相互关联，以便国家课程与校本课程同步推进、相辅相成。由于篇幅限制，本文只列出与第一模块相对应的口语教学话题。hina,whatwouldyouwanttosaytohim?5.实施建议第一，朗读教学、模仿创新。朗读是增强音感的重要方法，朗读是有声阅读，口耳并用，有助于大脑认知加工、使所学内容进入尝试记忆。朗读材料可选用教材课文，或精选趣味性强、有故事情节的美文，如新概念英语2-3册课文，文字浅显、语言幽默、短小精悍，易读度很强。第二，选择内容、尊重差异。口语校本课程内容，原则上多于规定课时所用的材料，这样学生可根据自己的喜好选择相应的朗读材料或口语素材。在课堂任务设计时，教师可以从学生立场出发，提供不同层次的学*任务，让学生完成某一个层次的任务，使不同学生都学有所得。第三，问题解决、以评促学。问题设置是激发思维、促进口语训练的有效方法。问题设计应从学生和情境出发，由易到难、由浅入深、层层推进，引导学生有话可说。问题解决评价是即时评价，教师根据学生的课堂表现及时作出评价与反馈，营造宽松的课堂氛围，降低语言焦虑。第四，活动教学、体验学*。活动教学即组织综合性、关联性和实践性的课堂活动，引导学生学*理解、应用实践，把已知和新知迁移到新的学*情境之中。体验学*即学生在活动中知识与情感互动、语言知识与思维能力互动、文化意识与学*能力互动，在互动过程中增强学*体验。［4］
——高中英语求职信菁选
高中英语求职信
时间过得可真快，从来都不等人，我们找工作的时间就要到来，此时是不是该好好写写求职信呢？求职信怎么写才不会千篇一律呢？以下是小编精心整理的高中英语求职信，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
Dear leaders:
Hello!
I am a XXX School 20xx graduate, majoring in Civil Engineering (Building Construction direction) professional, I normally attaches great importance to their own abilities, the strict demands on themselves, I believe that the company can adapt to a challenging and fast-paced work environment, and can very a good job done, so I recommend you myself.
In college, I was working towards a comprehensive "multi-skill" the direction of the development of the compound, and strive to master the professional knowledge system, a solid and comprehensive attention to cultivating practical ability and practical ability, academic excellence. Hospital-based scholarships and has won national scholarships, successfully passed the English 46.
University life cultivating my tenacious and unyielding character, enhanced the capacity of the difficulties I face to solve the difficulties of adaptability, but also imperceptibly to cultivate his own optimistic, aggressive state of mind. I actively sought ideologically motivated, love the collective, at all times maintain the progress of your own mind, pay attention to the times, and always keep in mind their overall quality. Although the civil construction industry is a hard job, but it is my career aspirations, health, lively, funny I love a feeling of enthusiasm to the most absolute sincerity towards work in every thing. I will work in the future more open-minded learning, excellence, in order to make a qualified civil engineering technician to work.
I have been actively participated in various professional practice opportunities, basic grasp of housing construction and design some basic knowledge and accumulated a lot of field experience. The use of spare time I passed self-taught, proficient in AutoCAD, Photoshop graphics, Firework software, skilled use of reason is the geological survey software, skilled use of office software. Familiar with the WindowsXP operating system and Office, Internet basic operation of the Internet.
I sincerely hope to join your company, together with the company business, together to create brilliant.
尊敬的领导：
作为一名英语专业的学生，我热爱我的专业，在四年的学*生活中，我所学内容包括了从英语的基础知识（听、说、读、写）到实际运用的翻译等多方面。在与课程同步进行的各种相关实践和实*中，我具备了一定的`实际操作能力和技术经验。
现在我已顺利通过英语专业四级考试;选修第二外语法语，并能用法语进行简单的会话;熟悉计算机的基本操作，如word，excel，powerpoint;通过了普通话测试，成绩二级乙等。目前正准备英语专业八级的考试。我有信心一定会顺利通过。我相信这些知识对我将来所从事的工作一定大有帮助。
在学好专业课的同时，我严格要求自己多参加实践活动，不断提高自己的实际操作能力：XX年—XX年担任安徽师范大学外国语学院学院助理，协助学院领导完成学生管理工作;XX年—XX年我担任外国语学院直属团总支宣传委员，参加了XX年安徽师范大学暑期赴金寨县小南京学校的义务支教活动;XX年—XX年我任学生会**，并在大一、大二学年分别担任学工通讯部成员、副部长、副**、学工通讯部部长，参与外国语学院毕业生晚会、迎新生晚会导演工作。我个人因此荣获校级“优秀学生干部” “优秀团干”称号。
我性格随和，内敛稳重。大量的社会实践工作，使我变得自信，勇于参与社会竞争。您要做的只是提供一个舞台，我将以年轻的生命、蓬勃的朝气来还您一片精彩！
此致
敬礼
