1、扫读(skimming) 即通过对文章标题和首尾句的阅读，对文章的内容结构有一个整体的印象，让学生在短时间内了解作者的意图或文章所要涉及的问题。
2、跳读(scanning) 为获得特定的信息而进行的符号辩认的过程，让学生很快能抓住中心句，并能对生词作出猜测，以提高学生自学新单词的能力。
3、细读(close-reading) 指学生在对全文有个整体印象的前提下所进行的深入细致的阅读，要求了解各段落的主要意思和文章的细节，并在此基础上提出新的问题或观点，发展学生的思维能力。
当然，不同的阅读方式应有不同的时间限制和阅读速度，并要求学生在规定时间内完成一定的阅读任务，但教师最终的任务是除了能让学生巩固和表达阅读内容外，更主要的是要让学生利用已有的知识，完成一定的交际任务，或表达出自己的个人观点。
一、提高初中英语阅读能力的必要性
阅读能力在初中英语的学*中占据了重要的地位。从应考的角度来看，阅读理解本身直接就在试题分值中拥有相当大的比重，而完形填空、单项选择等题型也与考查学生的阅读能力有着或多或少或直接或间接的关系。而从掌握英语这门语言的实际意义上来看，阅读也是增强英语语感、增强遣词造句能力和提高词汇量、短语量的重要途径。此外，良好的阅读能力也可以成为口语水*和写作能力提升的坚实基础。基础打好了，就可以使学生在学*过程中产生事半功倍的效果和心理上的成就感和愉悦感，增强学好用好英语的自信心。
二、借助母语，培养学生英语语言意识
英语学*的过程是学生接收英语信息，逐渐摆脱母语思维并进行英语思维的过程。课堂教学要克服“信息交流会”、“语法讲*所”的片面性，初中学生对英语信息的理解开始主要借助母语进行处理，这就要求老师在教学中正确引导学生，利用这种心理在英语和母语之间建立联系：一是让学生在阅读过程中寻找与母语匹配的英语短语，培养学生的“语团”意识，如一些固定搭配、短语等。开始让学生收集寻找，再逐步让学生归纳它们具有的“语团”特征的表达方式，这样会逐渐熟悉地道的英语表达方式，形成用英语思维的*惯；二是让学生在理解同一意思可以有不同的表达方式的基础上，培养学生的句型意识和变化意识，同义表达可以让学生体会英语的词类和句子的联系，悟出许多具有英语特质的东西。这种语言意识的形成有助于阅读能力的提高。
三、立足课堂教学，提高学生的阅读能力
我们目前使用的教材，课文的篇幅增加了很多，阅读量大，课文的信息量也随着话题内容的多样化而不断加深扩大，涉及语言知识也较多。是培养学生的阅读能力的首选材料。教师可以密切地联系教材，有针对性的选择一些课文，让学生全身心的'投入，调动各种感官，做到动手，动口，动脑。熟读，背诵，复述都是一些训练学生阅读的好方法。但如果只是把课文作为一篇语言材料来对待，把阅读过程看作语言文字或言语的学*过程，不仅很难收到预期的效果，还大大加深了学生的负担。除此之外，要求学生课外进行广泛阅读，保证一定的英语阅读量也是必不可少的。俗话说：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神。”学*英语也是如此，英语文章读多了，不仅有利于开拓学生的视野，更有利于促进学生的英语学*。因此教师正确指导学生在课堂内、外进行有效的阅读训练至关重要。
四、读后活动
通过上述活动，学生对背景知识和阅读材料提供的信息有了完整的框架，接下来我们应该用交际化的手段巩固和提高学生掌握信息的准确性和完整性。比如复述课文，老师可给出课文的key words，借助教学挂图、图表等，帮助学生整理出复述课文的主线索，让学生用简明扼要的语言表达出来。还可以结合每个单元的section B 3b以及4-Groupwork，用同步写作的方法对课文进行缩写或写出summary， 以达到书面巩固的目的；就课文主题，利用课堂中讨论过的相关话题的大量素材，设计一些适当的写作活动，使学生逐步学会表达自己的思想，将阅读教学与写作教学结合起来有助于阅读的深化。另外，我经常要求学生熟记背诵课文中出现的一些精彩句子、语段，让他们建立自己的“语料库”，为写作打下扎实的基础。我还会选择源于课文而又超出课文，且为学生所熟悉的话题，联系实际生活进行讨论，这是对阅读更高层次的要求，也是将阅读技能转化成交际运用的过程。
还有在教学中对阅读要依据循序渐进的原则，从初一开始就慢慢带着他们读一些简短易懂的小短文，随着他们词汇量的增加，英语水*的提高，再慢慢适度的将阅读材料加难加长；除了课堂教学外还可以让学生进行课外阅读，老师可给学生推荐一些内容丰富、篇幅较短、难度适中、材料新颖、有时效、针对性强的课外阅读材料给学生。有趣的课外阅读材料不仅能让学生产生阅读的兴趣，而且能有效地获得知识和提高阅读能力，激发并培养学生阅读热情。
五、定期组织朗读、阅读比赛等，激发学生阅读兴趣
兴趣是最好的老师。在教学中定期给学生开展朗读比赛、阅读比赛，甚至还可以组织学生讲英文故事，表演英文小品或话剧。有助于激发学生阅读兴趣。读书、背书对学*任何语言来说都是必不可少的。但大部分学生把笔头作业才当作业，而口头作业常被忽略。*时定时挑选一些难度适合和带有趣味性、生活性的文章和题目给不同程度学生参与比赛，使每个学生看到自己能看懂部分英文，他们学英语的劲头会更大的。
六、明确阅读目的，训练语感
什么是语感呢？语感是指人们对语言中，词语搭配及句子结构的熟练程度，是一种语言的感觉。语感好的人，理解力就强，阅读的速度也很快，对文章的理解也很深刻。精读文章要注意文中词语的搭配，必要时可用比画一画，还可以对不理解的单词必要时翻翻字典，查出它的词意、词性及相关的派生词和有关的短语、用法，最好记在笔记本上。读完每一篇文章后，要看积累了多少新单词、短语和句型。考试中做阅读理解时，就大不一样了，边读边用铅笔做标记，标出文中的人物、事件、时间、地点、原因（即“五个W”：who、what、when、where、why）。跳过生词，掌握整体内容，对只是起“障眼法”的生词可以置之不理，但对影响文章理解或答题中有相关内容的考察，要联系上下文反复推敲出它的大致含义。但如果是一种欣赏的阅读，那就没有必要去理解文中的每一个单词和句子，仅仅把文章大概内容读懂，了解了故事情节就行，主要在于培养阅读的兴趣。学生在不断地做英语阅读练*的过程中，语感就会逐渐形成。
由于英语阅读教学在整个英语教学中占据重要地位，同时它也能考察学生的英语综合能力，因此，我会继续努力，探究更有效的教学模式，服务于英语教学。
阅读理解试题主要用来测试学生的阅读速度、理解能力及记忆能力，有的采用一个句子，有的采用一段文章或整篇文章。内容广泛，题材各异。
以题目的难易程度分析，人们常常把它们分为表层理解 和 深层理解。所谓表层理解 就是对文中客观事实的感知和记忆，深层理解 是根据文中的客观事实，在认真思考后进行逻辑推理、总结或概括，得出结论，或从上下文、字里行间悟出文中没有直接表达出来的而可能存在的和必然的结果来。
以题材或体裁论，大致有下述几种；
1．记叙文（故事、人物小传、新闻报导、史地知识介绍等）
2．说明文（科普文章、文明书等）
3．论说文（有关政治、经济、社会各方面论述）
4．应用文（书信、广告、通知等）
做阅读理解要注意以下几点：
1．要判断出所给文章的类别，根据各类文章的性质，在开始阅读后有意识地着重去掌握和记住某些关键的内容和词汇。这样既抓住了要害，又节省了时间，避免了在若干细节及无关全局的问题上纠缠。初中阶段，碰到的主要是记叙文。如果是故事或传记，就应特别注意找出主要人物、事件发生的时间、地址，主要情节及最后结局。故事传记主要地叙述主人公的主要特征，他与其他重要人物之间的关系，也应同时记住。新闻报导、史地知识介绍，往往是一个一事的介绍，比故事、传记要简单，但也离不开记叙文的基本特点，对于上述要求它们同样适用，而新闻报导特别强调时间性、准确性，因此要搞清时间、地点和数字。
2．解题时，不要边看问题边从文中查找答案。因为用这种方法难以提高阅读理解的效果，尤其对地深层理解的文章。应浏览全文，了解全文的概貌，看完后，应记住文章的要点，重要的结论以及一些关键性的人名、地点、定义和数字（不同的人名、地点可用铅笔在试卷上分别打上不同的记号，以便查找）
3．要注意找出主题句，利用主题句来查找有关信息。一般说来，论述性较强的文章或说明文、每一段或相关的几段里总有一句话是主题句。读了主题句后，便能知道这一段大致的中心内容，因为主题句概括了全段的主要内容，而该段其余的句子则是用来阐述或说明主题句的。有些趣味性、讽刺性、幽默性较强的文章，在文章结尾的时候，一句道破天，使我们对文章下子全明了。得出全文的主意和作者的意途。
4．一定要掌握好解题速度，有效地控制考试时间，先易后难是考试时答题的一般方法，碰到难题时，千万不要钻牛角尖，耽误太多时间。一时做不出的题，要果断舍弃，以免影响解别的较有把握的题，待全部题解完后，如有剩余时间再回来做放弃的题。
5．对于一般不影响句子或全文理解的生词不达意，可以放过去不必务求理解。遇到重要生词时，不要着急，也不要轻易放弃，我们可以采取根据上下文来猜词或根据构词法来猜词等方法来猜出这个词的大致意思。
6．有的学生要“顺读法”，就是先读短文，后读题目，然后再读短文寻找正确答案。有的学生采用“倒读法”，就是先读题（四个选项不读）后读短文，最后寻找答案。“倒读法”不失为一种很好的阅读方法，因为这种阅读方法是带着问题阅读，目的明确，容易集中，能及时抓住文中与解题关系密切的信息，从而节省了阅读时间。“倒读法”对表层理解的题目（提问时间、地点、原因等）效果最好。对深层理解的题目要从短文的整体内容出发，进行概括和总结，分析所提供选项，做出准确的判断。
总之，解答这类题的中心步骤就是阅读，既要阅读短文，又要阅读题目阅读时要注意阅读技艺，提高阅读效率。在做到以上几点的基础上，就可对文章后面所给的问题，分析用“一次判断”逐个分析，以及“排除法”等方式来进行判断解答了。
根据教育部制定的英语课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，在中考中所占比重越来越大，这是拉开档次的题目。
阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上（上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上）所谓阅读能力是
指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。
阅读理解考查的项目大多是根据这三种能力的要求设计的。为了提高阅读理解能力，同学们在做阅读理解时，就要在以下几个方面下功夫：
（一）要注意养成良好的阅读心理阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。
（二）要提高视读的速度考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。20xx年上海英语中考阅读理解文章每篇均达到400词左右。慢读是不行的。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的*惯。阅读时眼球总是不断地移动――停顿――移动着。理解是在“眼停”的瞬间进行的。我们要使眼停的时间相对增加，就要扩大视读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读，并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑，形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。
（三）阅读时要注意培养语感所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下，积累了多少单词，惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。
（四）读完一篇文章后，要回味一番对文章的段落结构，中心思想，人物事件，论点论据要做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再看几次。要留心关键词句，注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持“词不离句，句不离篇”，要理解文章作者的原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。
如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的人物，事件，时间，地点，原因（即五个W，who，what，when，where，why）划出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。
一、带着问题阅读文章
考生要在规定的时间内做完英语试卷，因此，每一部分的试题答题时间都应该得到良好的规划，尤其是阅读理解题。第一是因为阅读理解题分值大，第二是因为时间紧任务重，考生要尽量在40分钟内完成20道左右的题目，这样速度就成为了关键，学生要在保证正确率的基础上提高做题的速度，带着问题阅读文章就不失为是一个好办法。与此同时，学生在阅读的时候，要把与题目有关的单词、句子或者是段落做重点标记，这样有利于之后的做题，还能够排除与题目无关的内容，在无形之中又提高了做题的正确性。带着问题阅读文章，也能够激发学生阅读的兴趣，兴趣是最好的老师，学生对做阅读理解题产生了兴趣，对于提高英语成绩是至关重要的，带着问题阅读文章既可以节约时间还可以提高答题的准确率。
二、在理解的基础上提高速度
阅读理解题最重要的就是理解，如果不理解，那么要想做对题是完全不可能的。然而，理解的准确性和阅读速度貌似是一个无法调和的矛盾，对于学生们来说，追求速度，就没办法达到理解的透彻性和准确性，反过来说，要想达到理解的准确性，速度就会慢下来。想要调解这组矛盾，就需要学生在*时多练*阅读理解，就像在考场上一样严格的要求自己，在规定的时间内完成相应的阅读理解题。首先要保证阅读质量，在阅读质量提高的基础上再追求阅读速度，因为没有了理解的准确性，速度再快也没有任何意义。学生应该每天都坚持做一篇或两篇阅读理解，最好保证正确率不低于70%。阅读的时候还应该注意处理好精度和泛读的关系。有些文章，比如说阅读英语杂志等，学生不需要力求弄明白每一句话的意思，只需要理解文章的大概意思就行，泛读的意义在于，通过这些阅读，学生可以掌握大量的词汇、句法、句型等，增长见闻，培养语感等。对于那些有一定难度并且写的比较好的文章，学生需要做深入的剖析，力求理解每一句话的意思，不认识的单词都应该弄明白具体的含义，分析文中的长句和难句，总结文章的中心思想、论点、作者的态度等，要带着学*的态度去精读这些文章。
三、找准文章的主旨句
文章的主旨句一般就是文章第一段的首尾句或者是文章的最后一段的首尾句。考生明确了文章主旨句就等于明确了文章作者的态度，找准文章的主旨句考生就有了正确的思维方向，如果不明白作者的态度，考生很可能会采取错误的解题思路。一般情况下，文章其余各段的第一句话是每段的中心句，考生先读文章的主旨句和中心句，可以对文章有一个大概的了解，再带着问题阅读全文，这样既节省了时间，也可以提高做题的准确性。
四、重点标记文章中的转折词
文章中的转折词所起的作用是不容忽视的，把握住这些转折词，对于理解作者的写作思路，情感态度，文章的内容都有很大的帮助。这些转折词包括：but、however、yet等，比如有些题会问作者对某件事情的态度，文章的布局通常是这样的，作者先列举其他人的观点，在这些观点之后，文中会出现一个转折词，转折词之后才是作者自己的观点，也就是说，转折词之后是理解作者态度的关键句子所在。
五、养成良好的阅读*惯
很多学生在做阅读理解题的时候，喜欢一遇到生词就查字典，实际上这是很不好的阅读*惯，试想在考场上怎么办呢？考官不可能让我们拿着字典进入考场的，所以，学生在*常的练*中要学会根据上下文的意思来推断该生词的意思，推断词意这种类型的题在考试中是很常见的，因此，学生很有必要学会这一方法，改掉查字典的坏*惯。除此之外，有些学生力求解释每一句话的意思，实际上这是完全不需要的，弄懂每一句话的意思不仅浪费时间，对于做题也没有多大的用处，学生只需要弄懂文章的主旨句、中心句，以及和细节题有关的段落就足以做好考题了，否则，可能会适得其反，误导学生的判断。
六、培养阅读兴趣
兴趣是最好的老师，没有兴趣，学生就不可能做到大量的阅读实践，更不可能长此以往的坚持下去。这既需要学生积极主动的去寻找学*的兴趣点，同时也需要老师正确的引导，使学生能够独立自主的进行英语的学*。
总之，英语阅读能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事情，阅读能力的提高是做大量阅读练*的结果，是坚持不懈的结果，学生们只有在正确方法的指引下，不断实践，总结经验教训，才能取得理想的成绩。
——初中英语双鱼阅读3篇
One day, Paula and Richard decided to make a kite. First they went out and found two straight sticks of the same length. They brought them back home and tied them with a piece of string into the shape of a cross. Then they took some string and used it to tie the four ends of the sticks together. Then, they spread some brightly coloured paper over the frame and glued it around the string. They stuck a tail made of paper to one of the corners, and tied a long string to the centre of the kite. On the next windy day, they took the kite to a hill near their house and flew it.
straight stick 直木棍 tie 系 string 绳子 shape 形状 cross 十字
spread 传开 frame 框架 stick 粘 tail 尾巴 windy 有风的
做一个风筝
一天，保罗和理查德决定做一个风筝。首先，他们出门找了两根一样长的直木棍。他们把木棍带回家，用一根绳子把它们绑成十字形。然后他们又拿了些绳子，把木棍的四个顶端连在一起。然后，他们把一些颜色鲜艳的纸涂上胶水，粘在风筝的框架上。他们将纸做的尾巴粘在一角，在风筝中间系上一根长绳。在接下来的一个有风的日子里，他们就在家附*的小山上放风筝了。
What makes me angry? Mostly, I hate when someone tries to make someone else feel bad. I have to admit that once, when I was really angry, I actually called names. I regretted doing this afterwards, but not full heartedly because I think I was provoked in that situation.
The most positive way of dealing with anger is talking about the problem. I talk to someone who listens, or I'll write my thoughts down on paper. Learning how to deal with anger as you're growing up is so important. When you're younger, you might yell, or cry when you're angry, but as you get older, you're expected to handle your emotions much better.
Learning to control your emotion now will prevent you from doing something that you'll regret later on in life!
emotion 情绪 manage 控制，操纵，管理 admit 承认
full heartedly 全心全意地 provoke 激怒 prevent 预防，防止
控制你的情绪
什么事会让我愤怒呢?通常情况下，当有人试图使别人觉得不舒服时，我会非常愤怒。我不得不承认，有一次，在我实在很生气的时候，我确实骂了人。过后，我很后悔那么做，但我不认为全是我的错，因为我觉得在那种情况下，我是被激怒了。
解决愤怒的最积极的方法是把问题说出来。我说给愿意听的人，或者把我的想法写在纸上。在你成长的过程中，学会处理愤怒是非常重要的。小时候，你生气的时候可以大喊大叫或者哭闹，但长大后，你被期望能更好地控制情绪。
现在就学着控制情绪能让你避免做一些可能使你以后遗憾一生的事情。
One day I was on a bus. I found an elderly woman standing in front of me. She had a big bag in her hand. "It's a virtue for a young person to help the old,"I said to myself. When I was standing up to give my seat to the old lady, a young foreigner got up quickly saying, "Please sit down."The old lady thanked him and sat down. She looked very happy. I was a little embarrassed because I was sitting in the middle of the bus. Suddenly a pregnant woman got onto the bus. I quickly stood up to give up my seat to her. The foreigner smiled at me. He said that he was an Australian, and was a student studying Chinese culture in China.
ride 骑马、骑脚踏车或乘坐公共交通工具旅行 elderly 年长的
virtue 美德 pregnant 怀孕的
乘公共汽车
一天，我在一辆公共汽车上。我发现一位年长的妇人站在我的面前，她手里拿了个大包。“帮助老人是年轻人的美德。”我对自己说。
当我正要站起来把自己的座位让给那位老妇人时，一个年轻的外国人很快站了起来，说：“请这里坐。”老妇人谢谢他，然后坐下，她看上去非常高兴。
我有一点尴尬，因为我坐在车厢的中间。突然一个孕妇上了车。我很快地站起来把座位让给了她。那个外国人笑着看着我，他说他是澳大利亚人，正在*学**文化。
——初中英语作文写作技巧实用5份
书面表达，首先要抓住所给的提示，然后运用所学词汇、语法及句型，避繁就简，简明表达要讲的内容。
那么，如何才能做好英语写作题呢?这里介绍五个要诀供你应考时参考。
一、紧扣中心；
二、意思连贯；
三、富于变化；
四、注意时态；
五、不“生造”英语作文写作技巧句子。
书面表达是一项能够充分考查学生语言综合运用能力的题型，一般来说，书面表达采取情景作文和控制作文两种形式。
情景作文多为看图填词、看图写话、看图作文等形式，后者指根据所给条件进行写作的形式。
以上两种书面表达形式，都不同于自由写作，都不允许同学们随意发挥，更不许逐词逐句地翻译提示，而是要求考生抓住信息大意，用自己所学的、熟悉的语言进行表达。
所以，无论哪一种书面表达形式，都要求做到以下几点：
(1)紧扣题目，准确、全面地表达出要点中规定的全部信息和内容，不得遗漏；
(2)表达正确，意思连贯，过渡自英语四级写作技巧然；
(3)格式正确，书写规范，标点正确，字数符合要求。
做好“书面表达”这道题，应该从以下几方面入手：
一、充分准备，打好基础。
为了提高书面表达水*，*时应加强阅读，应背诵一些句型、段落、甚至短文。
只要读得多，背得多，就能出口成章，下笔成文。
此外，还要了解英文写作方面的基础知识，掌握常用文体的写作方法。
中考作文写作技巧其实，用英文写信，记日记等都是学生力所能及且行之有效的练*写作的好方法。
二、仔细审题，明确要求。
对题目所提供的信息要认真分析，明确要求，做到心中有数。
要对所提供的信息加以分析、整理，使之更加具体化、条理化，为开始动笔做好准备工作，还要搞清题目的要求，以便根据不同的题材、体裁，写出不同格式，风格各异的文章，此外，还要注意人称、时态、地点等信息，避免出错。
三、抓住重点，寻求中考英语作文写作技巧思路。
根据题目所提供的信息，草拟提纲，寻求逻辑次序，确定如何下手，否则，语无伦次的'文章将不会被人接受，也不可能得到高分。
四、遣词造句，表达规范。
用词要适当，不可逐句把提示汉译英，亦不可生拼硬凑，不要硬拿英语单词到中文句子里去对号，否则写出中文式英语，闹出笑话。
一般来讲，写作时，应尽量选出你有把握的词，写作技巧有哪些尽量使用短句(简单句)。
如果有的单词不会写，有的思想不会用英语表达，你可以设法绕开，最好找一个同义词、同义句，或近义词、词组短语来代替。
要正确使用关联词，如and,or,but,so,because,since等，以便行文自然流畅。
除此之外，写作时还要注意时态、语态的各种句式的交替作用，使文章显得得体，表达流畅。
五、修改润色，锦写作技巧上添花。
作文写完之后，应注意检查修改，修改时先从全局修改。
首先要检查主题是否明确，表达方式是否恰当，接下来检查所写内容是否切题，该交待的内容是否交待了，最后检查所用时态、人称是否符合要求，
一、阅读优秀英文范文
首先要搞好阅读。
阅读是写作的基础，在阅读方面下的功夫越深，驾驭语言的能力也就越强。
所以要写好英语先要读好英语，在语言学*方面狠下苦功，教科书要读透，因为教科书中的文章都是一些很好的范文，文笔流畅，语言规范，精彩的一些课文段落要背诵。
再就是要进行大量课外阅读，并记住一些好文章的篇章结构。
二、加强练词造句训练
其次，要加强练词造句的训练。
词句对作文相当于造房的材料，无好材料就造不出好房子。
*时在学*阅读时要注意收集积累，把好的词语、短语、句型做好笔记。
*时在练*中的错误也要做好记录，再对照正确句子，使地道的英语句子如同条件反射，落笔就对。
了解英语写作格式还有，要了解英语写作的不同体裁与格式。
可以先看一本介绍英语写作入门的书，对英语写作有一个初步的概念，如怎么写议论文，如何提出论据，如何展开，如何确定中心句；又如，英语信的格式，如何根据不同身份写不同结束语等，然后根据不同的体裁进行写作练*。
三、用英语写日记
要养成记英语日记勤练笔的好*惯。
经常用英语记日记，等于天天在练笔，这无疑是提高英语协作的行之有效的好办法。
在记日记时，不要总是用简单句，要有意识地用一些好的词组、句型、关联词和复合句等，使文句更优美生动。
还有要按照题目或所给情景写文章练笔。
写好后对照范文，找出差距，然后再练*，这对提高英语作文也很有帮助，在游泳中学会游泳，只有多练*才能练好。
众所周知，书面表达在中考中占有相当大的比重，而我们的学生在此方面失分甚多，以致影响最后总分，因此提高学生写作能力势在必行，而这又须掌握一定的写作技巧。
观察*几年的中考试题，其最常见的形式是要求考生根据所给信息和思想来写作，亦称为“情景作文”或“提示作文”，而学生对于语言要素综合应用的能力较弱，写出的东西往往是不符合英语表达*惯的“中文或英语”。
作为一名英语教师，就必须经常提醒学生注意这一问题，并有意识地让学生逐步接受英语表达的思维方式，久而久之学生才能写出比较地道的英语，进而少犯甚至不犯Chinese English的错误，故英语书面表达训练从八年级上学期就应开始，并逐步强化提高，最终达到应考要求。
在此就自己日常教学中的经验浅谈学生英语写作的技巧，最终达到“All roads lead to Rome”的目的。
初中英语作文写作技巧【1】
要点+结构+逻辑+语法+亮点
要点：实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字，翻译!因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要求必须在文章中有所体现。
文章写的再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。
所以要点，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。
结构：中考最流行的结构就是三段式，深受各地区中考英语写作阅卷老师的喜爱。
为什么尼?因为这种结构十分清晰。
“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。
三段式的第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话，如，我们想表达小强很强壮，第一段直接说XQ is extremely strong.观点明确，这一句足矣。
第二段：分2-3点说为什么他强壮。
1. 每天吃10顿饭，He has ten meals everyday!详举吃的是什么。
2. 每天运动2小时，He does exercise 2 hours a day! 详举做了什么运动。
第三段：经过第二段的论证，可以得出结论。
但请注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华。
也可以提出希望和建议等。
如，How strong and robust XQ is!I hope to be him one day!
逻辑：这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。
最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词等。
递进：除了first，second，third，finally 等还可以使用高级点的，如first of all(首先)，in addition，what's more，moreover(都是另外的意思)，in a word，all in all(表示总结的)。
转折：but，yet，however等。
真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。
语法：其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说是不好，但是语法却是硬性的。
如，单词的使用，时态等。
亮点：当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。
要想得到一等文，最后两个字，亮点至关重要。
大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。
有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是A篇只用了beautiful，good-looking，B篇却用到了attractive，charming，catching等，我坚信正常人都会给B篇高分的。
这些高级一点的词汇，词组，句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。
所以，以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好*惯。
初中英语作文写作技巧和方法【2】
【摘要】：培养学生写作能力须：打好词汇量基础;熟练记住单词;熟练使用简单句;加强听力训练，;书写规范，促进写作;注重听、说、读能力的同步发展;重视课外练*。
注重学生*时的单词拼写与组句能力，提醒学生积累常用表达方式，要求阅读背诵精彩段落，同时教师要利用教材话题资源，结合多种训练与评价方式，提升学生思维能力，强化写作专项指导，使学生养成英语书面表达的*惯，最终达到英语作为语言交际的目的。
【关键词】：写作技巧;词汇量;写作方法 ;单词拼写 组句能力; 阅读背诵 ;常用表达方式
听说读写是构成英语语言交际能力的重要组成部分，其中要求较高的是“写”的能力。
《英语课程标准》对各个年级学生“写”的技能提出了明确目标 对于我们农村地区的学生来说，英语写作非常困难。
尤其在每一次的英语考试中，英语写作题型总是必不可少的，而且占到15-20分左右，可见写作在英语考题中占的比例还是较大的。
但一提起写作学生们就犯愁，甚至一字不写，有的干脆放弃。
写一篇像样的英语作文多80%的学生来说是“难于上青天”。
针对这种现象来分析学生存在的问题和解决的办法：
一、学生写作过程中出现的现状
1.词汇量太少
词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想，必须以足够的词汇量为基础，但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇量都达不到规定的要求，因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想。
出现的问题往往有拼写错误，影响理解;词语误用，表达不准确;某一词语反复使用，语言表达缺乏变式，文章显得单调乏味;文章中出现大量“造词”，让人看了啼笑皆非等。
语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素。
学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的，学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜，Chinese English现象更是不乏其中，所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题。
2.词汇错误较多
学生在写作的时候，中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性误用3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确(审题不正确)。
思维模式总是先汉语，后转化为英语，可能他想到了句子该怎样写，句型也知道的，但却有个别单词不会。
如：“对我来说学英语是困难的”这个句子可能他想到了，句子结构“it is+adj for sb to do sth”也知道，但里面的形容词difficult不会写，导致句子表达含糊，以至于整篇文章错词百出，面目全非。
3.写出的长句达不到表达效果
一般的英语应试作文，总会给出汉语提示，学生写作也是从提示上入手，有的提示意思较长，所以学生写的时候会直接翻译，但对太长的句子又没有驾驭的能力，导致整个句子错误。
4.听力较弱影响写作能力
我们所面临的是一群农村学生，他们没有特别好的条件练*听力，每次的练*时间仅仅是每节英语课上，听听力的时间是在太少。
有位作家说过：“不写没有读过的语言，不读没有说
的语言，不说没有听过的语言”。
很明显，通过听的渠道获得语言信息及语言感受在英语学*中基础的基础。
听不来也就写不上。
5.单词书写不规范，卷面书写较乱
对于大多数学生来说，格式、大小写、标点，书写不规范：句首字母大写不注意，使用从句时不会使用标点、大小写等)。
如：After he went back home. He cooked supper.，考试时把单词写整齐的很少，学生普遍认为只要把单词写正确就可以得分，虽然觉得自己写的作文还可以，但卷子发下之后却没有得到期望的分数，而有的同学写作能力较差但书写整齐，写作得分也不是很低。
二、提高写作的方法
1.词汇的积累
初中学生在阅读理方面最大的障碍就是词汇量的缺乏，而扩大词汇量绝非死记硬背就能做到。
最有效的方法就是大量接触各种不同体裁的英语文章，利用“在句中记，在文中记”的方法来积累词汇。
因此我们指导学生依据英语报刊的特点，按栏目、话题、题材、体裁归类收集常用词，将出现频率较高的常用词汇积累到单词本子上，查字典写例句，初步学会这些单词的运用，放在身边，利用零散时间反复记忆，加强印象。
同时拟定时以单选、完型、阅读等形式考察学生对这些单词的掌握情况，通过测试和竞赛的方式进一步激发大家学*词汇的热情。
不过，由于课程的时间安排问题，测试的工作开展较少，这也是实验工作中的一个不足。
2.熟练记住单词
( 1.) 巩固单词拼写，培养组句能力。
词汇匮乏是妨碍英语写作的最大障碍之一，有话想说，无词可写是大部分学生的苦恼。
因此，我要求学生坚持每天听写、默写、循环记忆单词，掌握巩固词汇。
还要求学生给出与单词有关的同义、*义、反义和词形相似的词，使词汇量得到最大限度的复现。
如：反义词appear/disappear, crowded/uncrowded, polite/impolite/rude. 词形相似的词except/expect, chance/change/challenge. 还以某一词为中心，写出该词的不同形式或词性，组成典型的句型，从而不断丰富词汇和句型。
如拼写单词die 时，不但要写出其过去式过去分词died，而且要写出其他词性(death, dead, dying), 再分别组句，如：The old man died two years ago. He has been dead for two years. His death made his dog very sad. It is dying.又如写到易混淆的词pay, spend, cost, take 时，可以多种方式表达句意。
He paid 20 yuan for the book. He spent 20 yuan on the book. He spent 20 yuan buying the book. The book cost him 20 yuan. It takes him 20 minutes to read the book every day.等等。
这样,通过大量的词汇练*不仅仅能有效地积累词汇，还为组句打下了基础，同时还能训练学生的.发散性思维和总结、归纳、比较的能力，为学生正确使用词句奠定了良好的基础。
以上这些机械操练虽然枯燥，但很有必要，它是能力培养的基础。
在词句落实的基础上，可向学生提出稍高的要求，如写出高质量的句子： What a happy family I have ! (I have a happy family.) The story is so interesting that everyone likes it.( The story is very interesting. Everyone likes it. ) He didn’t come to school, because he was ill. (He was ill. He didn’t come to school.) I am good at not only English but also math.(I am good at English and I am good at math ，too. )( 2、) 阅读背诵精彩段落，围绕单元话题设计书面表达。
阅读是写作的 熟练记住每一话题的单词。
熟记单词后让他们能够熟练的运用，能够把重点单词用来造句。
然后熟记词组，特别是能够熟练的运用词组，能够用词组熟练造句。
用词组和单词连成简单句，只要学生将句子表达清楚，语意连贯，就是一篇好的英语文章。
3.熟练使用简单句
简单句对学生来说相对好掌握些，可以要求学生们能够熟练划分主语、谓语、宾语。
正确掌握并列连词and\but\or等词。
在写作中要求学生不能随意发挥，也不能逐字逐句的翻译所给的文章，要求学生能抓住题中所给的条件，只要考生能将题中所给的要点全部表达清楚，而没有遗漏，在写作中并且注意到语言的连贯，那么就是一篇很好的英语文章。
4.加强听力训练，促进写作
目前英语听力教材使用的具体做法是：事先提出每课生词，教师领读几遍。
排除生词障碍后，第一遍学生主让学生在课后反复听课文内容，并逐字逐句写下。
每周星期五布置，星期一用课堂时间，教师将该文念一、二遍，让学生听写，教师收上来查阅，加以评讲。
通过这种训练，提高学生的听力水*和表达能力。
5.书写规范，促进写作
关于书写的卷面整洁与否，字体如何，是老生常谈话题。
可是由于印象分数的一分半分之差，很可能影响一生。
在此处丢分纯属不值得，这也是笔者把它放在第一位的原因。
在教学过程中，应坚持要求学生书写规范，写好匀笔斜体行书，注意连写，以及文面美观。
可以采用出专刊的形式，让全班同学都参加英语书法评比，从而激发学生练*英语书写的兴趣，养成良好的书写*惯。
综上所述，在英语写作中听、说、读、写应同步发展。
写作是一种语言输出形式，只有语言输入大于语言输出，语言输出才有可能。
1、审题
拿到作文题目，首先要知道要求写什么。
例如是写一件事，还是写一个人，还是写一份调查报告等。
第二要明确题目中要求的内容有几条，例如要求写一篇游记，那么有如下内容：什么时间去的?和谁一起去的?去哪了?如何去的?做了什么?有什么感受?这就是内容上的六条要求，作文中必须有所体现，一条都不能丢。
第三，题目中出现的单词，词组，句式必须应用。
这也是不丢项的一个内容之一，切忌耍小聪明而不用题目中给的英文提示。
2、检查
语法，时态，语态是一定不能错的，这考察的是英语的应用基础。
语法上要求明确句子当中的主谓一致，句子中只有一个谓语，动词短语的固定搭配(比如enjoy只能加doing,介词后如果要加动词一定是动名词的形式，即ing形式，情态动词直接加do等。)，名词的单复数形式等。
时态上要求非常严格，如果出错将比其他地方出错更为严重。
判断时态的根据在于题目要求写的内容，如果是纪事性文字，一般用过去时态，有时用现在完成时(看到since/for),如果是议论性或说明性文字，一般用一般现在时(纪事性文字中议论抒情的部分一般也用一般现在时)。
如果是一种计划或打算，要用一般将来时。
具体题目，具体分析，另外明确这些时态的概念，再去判断。
语态上要求也很严格，比如动词的第三人称单数形式，动词的主动语态与被动语态等。
3、连词的应用。
连词是让作文连贯的重要组成部分，句子与句子之间的逻辑关系就是靠连词体现出来的。
作文是一个整体，决不是一个个孤立的句子，所以必须有连词，但一定根据语意正确使用。
常见连词：if,as,for,because,so,however,though(虽然),even(甚至),since,until,等等(不全，要自己总结。)另外，有些连词不能一起使用。
例如有because就不能有so,有though就不能有but等等。
连词的应用会让作文提高一大块。
4、从句表达(前提为有能力)。
如果英语的基础相当好，那么从句是可以帮助提高分数的重要途径。
初中需要掌握的从句是主语从句，宾语从句，(时间，地点，让步)状语从句，定语从句这四大类。
主语从句，就是主语是一个句子，多数用形式主语it代替，真正的主语用不定式或分词ing形式表达，例如：it is adj for sb、 To do sth、 这句中it 就是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth、宾语从句就是宾语是个句子。
有时用it作为形式宾语。
例如：Ifind it adj to do sth、这句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth、adj、其实大多数宾语从句还是直接表达的，例如：I wonder to know that……等。
状语从句分三种，时间状语从句，地点状语从句和让步状语从句。
只需注意介词的使用，有时要使用逗号。
特别的，让步状语从句中的if引导的是状语从句，注意“主将从现”(即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。)。
定语从句是初中比较难掌握的，一般是要求识别，主要在单选题当中考察。
但应用到作文中是出彩的地方，明确了先行词，用对了关系代词和关系副词，就可以了。
基础在于对定语从句基础知识的理解，明确语法就可以应用了。
5、精彩的结束句
结束句是文章的主旨所在(信件除外)。
结束句一般是自己的感受或者文章要表达的观点，信件中是美好的祝愿等等。
例如：I enjoy the trip very much,/ the success depends on the details、(成功决定于细节)/I am looking forward to hearing from you soon、/Have a good time,等等表达。
1、动笔之前，认真审题
《中考考试说明》指出，书面表达要切中题意。
怎样才能切中题意?就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。
在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。
审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。
2、围绕中心，拟定提纲
书面表达评分原则有四条：
(1)内容要点；
(2)运用词汇和结构的数量；
(3)运用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
(4)上下文的连贯性。
由此可见，要点是给分的一个重要因素。
为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。
根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾，设想几个承上启下的连词，将主要句型、关键词语草草记下，形成提纲，写时切忌结构分散，废话连篇，严重跑题。
书面表达，内容广泛，题材多样，要弄清考题的要求是写人、叙事、介绍、评论、图表、书信、日记、通知、便条还是看图作文或改写缩写。
如果是日记，要写清年、月、日和天气情况；如果是书信，则要注意书信的格式，注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。
3、语言通顺，表达准确
(1)避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。
几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。
(2)多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。
可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。
(3)、注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。
1)语态、时态要准确无误。
2)主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。
3)注意人称代词的宾格形式。
4)注意冠词用法，例如： He is an honest student、中的an不能写成a。
5)注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive,believe,fourteen,forty,ninth,restaurant等。
标点符号特别注意汉英的不同，例如：
汉语英语
A、句号。
B、省略号……
C、顿号、无
(4)描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：
1)外表特征：tall,short,fat,thin,strong,weak,ordinary-looking等。
2)服饰颜色：red,yellow,blue,white,green,brown,black等。
3)内心境界：glad,happy,sad,excited,anxious,interested等。
4)感情描写：love,like,hate,feel,laugh,cry,smile,shout等。
5)动作描写：come,go,get,have,take,bring,fetch等。
(5)上下文要连贯。
上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序(时间或空间)，使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。
同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：
1)表示并列关系的过渡词：and,as well as,or……
2) 表示转折关系的过渡词：but,yet,however……
3)表示时间关系的过渡词：first,second,third,and then,finally,after,before,after a few days,at last,at that time,later,in the past,immediately,in the meanwhile,when,while,then,after that……
4)表示空间关系的过渡词：near (to),far (from),in the front of,beside,behind,beyond,above,below,to the right,to the left,on one side,on the other side of,outside……
5)表示比较关系的过渡词：in the same way,just like,just as……
6)表示对照关系的过渡词：but,still,yet,however,on the other hand,in spite of,even though……
7)表示递进关系的过渡词： also,and,then,too,in addition,moreover,again……
8) 表示因果关系的过渡词：because,since,then,thus,otherwise,so,therefore ,as a result…
9)表示解释说明的过渡词：for example,in fact,in this case,for,actually……
10)表示强调的过渡词：in fact,indeed,necessarily,certainly,without any doubt,truly,most important……
11)表示目的的过渡词：for this reason,for this purpose,so that,in order that,so as to,in order to,…
12)表示列举的过渡词：for example ,such as……
13)表示总结性的过渡词：in conclusion,finally,at last,in brief,as has been stated,in a word,in general,in all,in a word,generally speaking……
4、不会表达，另辟蹊径
中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。
造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人*等，文采好不加分”。
如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。
总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达*惯。
(1)迂回而行
当汉语词义不会用英语表达时，可以想一个与这个汉语词义相似的几种词义。
扩展思路，然后从英语中找出一个与其词义相*的代替。
这样可有异曲同工之妙。
(2)小词大用
汉语中有些语意看来很复杂很文雅，但在英语中可用一些常用词表达。
下面这些词可能在你的书面表达中很有用：take,have,get,make,come,go,do,see,show,happy,nice,kind,help 等。
(3)借花献佛
有时书面表达中需要的单词或词组或许在试卷中的其他地方出现。
因为刚刚做过题，记忆犹新，那么就可信手拈来，为我所用。
5、锦上添花，量力而行
如果你还有时间和精力，想把书面表达写得更好，那么，请注意以下几点：
(1)句型多样化，不要I(We)……到底，使人觉得乏味。
(2)适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句。
(3)进一步描绘人或事物时，适当使用定语从句。
(4)适当使用分词或分词短语，烘托谓语动词。
(5)偶尔使用一下倒装句，增加新鲜感。
(6)适当调换一下状语在句子中的位置，使句子不雷同。
(7)上下句子紧接时，其中完全相同的成分可以省略，以节省篇幅。
6、书写工整，卷面整洁
字迹要清晰，让阅卷人看得清楚，不可字迹潦草，难以辨认，要保持卷面的整洁。
7、写完之后，勿忘检查
中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。
因此，改错这一环节必不可少。
中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。
因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。
检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：
(1)格式是否有错。
(2)拼写有无错误。
(3)语言是否用错。
(4)时态、语态错误。
(5)标点错误。
(6)人称是否用错。
【注意】此时不宜在卷面上作较大的改动，以免顾此失彼，影响全局。
【三段式作文法】
1.第一段开门见山，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者把时间，地点，人物和主要事件及时点出。
2.第二段要摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。
3.最后一段，得出结论或理由。
注意：要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂 ”。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散，层次分明，表意不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连贯流畅。常用的过渡词有：
递进型： also, (and)besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, what’s worse, worse still, to make *** worse, for the worse, not only…but also等;
解释型：that is (to say), in other words, or, namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等;
转折型：however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary,on the other hand 等;
列举型：firstly…secondly…finally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等
举例型：for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take… for example等;
因果型：because (of), since, now that, thanks to, due to; thus, therefore, as a result (consequence),so… that, so that等;
让步型：though, although, in spite of, despite 等;
顺序型：first…next…and then…finally, first…then…after that…finally 等;
并列型：and, both…and, or, either…or, as well as, 等
时间型：afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ on doing, hardly…when, no sooner…than 等
总结型：in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等
见解型：in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned,I’m sure 等
条件型：if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等
【英语议论文】
英语议论文的结构一般较为固定，通常包括以下三部分：
1. 在导语部分提出需要议论的议题;
2. 在正文部分对所提出的问题进行议论;
3. 在结论部分对以上的讨论进行总结和归纳。
写议论文要考虑论点，考虑用什么作论据来证明，怎样来论证，然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论;或者先引述一个故事，一段对话，或描写一个场面，再一层一层地从事实中分析出道理，归纳引申出一个新的结论;也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的问题，然后一一作答，逐层深入;还可以把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照，然后得出结论。
在具体写作中要注意下列几点：
1. 议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水。
2. 议论时可以采用不同的方法。如：可以摆出正反两方面观点，进行对比;也可引经据典论证作者自己观点的正确性，从而使读者接受自己的观点;亦可提出一种错误的.观点然后论证其错误，最终提出正确的观点。正文部分是写作的重点，论证方法可用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。
3. 在结论部分必须表明作者的观点，对讨论的问题做出总结。
4. 注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用，以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。常用的过渡词和连接词包括：first, second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides, what was worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that, therefore，consequently，in that case, as a result/consequence, in conclusion, to sum up等等。
【关联词】
1.表示并列或递进: and, as well as, both…and,
not only…but also, neither…nor;
2.表示选择: or, either…or;
3.表示转折: but, however, although, though, after all,
4.表示因果: because, so, therefore
5.表示条件: if , unless
6.表示对比: instead, not…but,
on the one hand…on the other hand;
7.表示解释: for example, for instance, such as,
that is to say, in other words;
8.表示顺序: to begin with, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next,
later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end;
9.表示强调: also, besides, what’s more, actually,
in fact,
10.表示结论: all in all, altogether, in a word,
generally speaking,
——初中英语作文写作技巧3篇
【三段式作文法】
1.第一段开门见山，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者把时间，地点，人物和主要事件及时点出。
2.第二段要摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。
3.最后一段，得出结论或理由。
注意：要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂 ”。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散，层次分明，表意不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连贯流畅。常用的过渡词有：
递进型： also, (and)besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, what’s worse, worse still, to make * worse, for the worse, not only…but also等;
解释型：that is (to say), in other words, or, namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等;
转折型：however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary,on the other hand 等;
列举型：firstly…secondly…finally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等
举例型：for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take… for example等;
因果型：because (of), since, now that, thanks to, due to; thus, therefore, as a result (consequence),so… that, so that等;
让步型：though, although, in spite of, despite 等;
顺序型：first…next…and then…finally, first…then…after that…finally 等;
并列型：and, both…and, or, either…or, as well as, 等
时间型：afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ on doing, hardly…when, no sooner…than 等
总结型：in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等
见解型：in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned,I’m sure 等
条件型：if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等
【英语议论文】
英语议论文的结构一般较为固定，通常包括以下三部分：
1. 在导语部分提出需要议论的议题;
2. 在正文部分对所提出的问题进行议论;
3. 在结论部分对以上的讨论进行总结和归纳。
写议论文要考虑论点，考虑用什么作论据来证明，怎样来论证，然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论;或者先引述一个故事，一段对话，或描写一个场面，再一层一层地从事实中分析出道理，归纳引申出一个新的结论;也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的问题，然后一一作答，逐层深入;还可以把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照，然后得出结论。
在具体写作中要注意下列几点：
1. 议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水。
2. 议论时可以采用不同的方法。如：可以摆出正反两方面观点，进行对比;也可引经据典论证作者自己观点的正确性，从而使读者接受自己的观点;亦可提出一种错误的观点然后论证其错误，最终提出正确的观点。正文部分是写作的重点，论证方法可用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。
3. 在结论部分必须表明作者的观点，对讨论的问题做出总结。
4. 注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用，以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。常用的过渡词和连接词包括：first, second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides, what was worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that, therefore，consequently，in that case, as a result/consequence, in conclusion, to sum up等等。
【关联词】
1.表示并列或递进: and, as well as, both…and,
not only…but also, neither…nor;
2.表示选择: or, either…or;
3.表示转折: but, however, although, though, after all,
4.表示因果: because, so, therefore
5.表示条件: if , unless
6.表示对比: instead, not…but,
on the one hand…on the other hand;
7.表示解释: for example, for instance, such as,
that is to say, in other words;
8.表示顺序: to begin with, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next,
later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end;
9.表示强调: also, besides, what’s more, actually,
in fact,
10.表示结论: all in all, altogether, in a word,
generally speaking,
掌握各种文体的写作技巧，我们可以分两步走：考前准备
■分析类型 纵观*年中考写作题，题材一般是写人、写事、写景，日记，书信，通知，广告，便条等文体。题型基本是：命题作文，应用文写作，看图写话。
■积累素材 *时注意日常生活观察，关注社会热点，关心周围的人和事。
■及时记录 如果*时能有心及时写下所见所闻，或有写日记的*惯，写作水*会提高更快。
动笔过程
■细心审题，细读题目中每一项提示，或观察每一幅画，弄清题意，明确中心，确定体裁。特别是对于我们看来非常熟悉的内容，更要仔细推敲，有自己独特的立意。
■根据所给的提示，按照一定的规律，如事件的先后顺序，地点的更换等内在的联系排序，分出层次。如果是看图说话，注意文在图中，意在图外，抓住每一要点，使表达的内容有条理性。
■理清篇章结构，构成短文的整体框架。
文章要素起——它是文章的主旨，或提出主题句，列出事情的要点
对主题开展叙述，讨论收——是对全文的总结和概括
■有了框架，就可以收集积累的材料，用最恰当的短语、句型把你要表达的意思逐句表达出来，多用简单句和有把握的复合句。
■为了使短文有浑然一体的感觉，优秀作文少不了的是恰当采用递进、让步、转折、因果等连词。
■学生最容易忽视的是检查。
时态的前后呼应，人称与动词的变化，单词拼写，标点符号，规定字数等，所有这些都可以通过仔细检查，避免低级错误出现。
英语短文的提高，需要组词、造句语言基本能力的提高，多读文章，多加思考，就能在中考中写作取得理想的成绩。
正确无误的造句能力
这得从初中一开始就抓起，首先可以从替换单词、扩词造句训练，做到有效积累，扩大视野，灵活运用。
如：如何修饰一个最简单、最常用的“说”?我们就可以写出许多：say some thing gladly(merrily excitedly sadly kindly worriedly loudly sweetl ytimidly bravely confidently)
还可说say some thing in a friendly way.替换了一个副词，生动地表达了说话时的不同心情。
扩词有：play football——play foot ball in the play ground——play football in the play ground with my friends——play football in the play ground with my friends after school.对其中的动词我们还可替换成playgames，play the piano…等，后面的状语都可以有相应的更换。
又如：a friend——my friend——my close friend——my close friend named Mary.以此类推，我们可以模仿着进行扩句训练。The students love life.——The studentsof Class One love enjoyable school life verymuch.为了避免句型的重复，我们还可以转换不同的句型，来表达同一内容。如：The dictionary is so big that it doesn’t fit in tomy pocket.——The dic ti on ary is too big to fit into my pocket.——The dictionary is not small enough to fit into my pocket.
这样训练写句的方法，可以帮助学生克服心里先想好中文，然后逐字翻译的不良*惯，从而造的`句子符合英语表达的*惯。
在*时的学*中，我们可以试着用课文中所学的句型和词汇，设计一些中译英句子，虽然对初中学生有一定的难度，但长此以往可以有效地掌握正确的句子结构，巩固所学词汇，做到活学活用，为中考作文作好铺垫。
我们针对所学的句型和学生日常学*生活的真实情景，设计了许多中译英，如：
——初中英语短篇美文范本五份
I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge,spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highland. I never heard of anyone making an “outline”, as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remaking,in the timing, interweaving,beginning again, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it.
Sometimes the passion within a writer outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books; like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot understand the exact outline of the vision before them. For the same reason, writers talk endlessly about their own books, digging up hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those around them. Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair.
He is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore. This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing:he has begun to write to please. A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this reason also the writer, like any other artist,has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.
On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.
It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.
I have already completed the most important part of this task. A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation.
It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. Other key positions were filled yesterday. I am submitting a further list to the King tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow.
The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer. I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects.
I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. At the end of today's proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be. Business for that will be notified to M. P. 's at the earliest opportunity.
I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government. The resolution:
"That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion."
To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But we are in the preliminary Phase of one of the greatest battles in history. We are in action at any other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean. The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.
In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or for mer colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.
I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.
You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.
You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.
Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.
I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.
I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.
My house is perfect. By great good fortune I have found a housekeeper no less to my mind, a low-voiced, light-footed woman of discreet age, strong and deft enough to render me all the service I require, and not afraid of loneliness. She rises very early. By my breakfast-time there remains little to be done under the roof save dressing of meals. Very rarely do I hear even a clink of crockery; never the closing of a door or window. Oh, blessed silence! My house is perfect. Just large enough to allow the grace of order in domestic circumstance; just that superfluity of inner space, to lack which is to be less than at one's ease. The fabric is sound; the work in wood and plaster tells of a more leisurely and a more honest age than ours. The stairs do not creak under my step; I am attacked by no unkindly draught; I can open or close a window without muscle-ache. As to such trifles as the color and device of wall-paper, I confess my indifference; be the walls only plain, and I am satisfied. The first thing in one's home is comfort; let beauty of detail be added if one has the means, the patience, the eye.
To me, this little book-room is beautiful, and chiefly because it is home. Through the greater part of life I was homeless. Many places have I lived, some which my soul disliked, and some which pleased me well; but never till now with that sense of security which makes a home. At any moment I might have been driven forth by evil accident, by disturbing necessity. For all that time did I say within myself: Some day, perchance, I shall have a home; yet the "perchance" had more and more of emphasis as life went on, and at the moment when fate was secretly smiling on me, I had all but abandoned hope. I have my home at last. This house is mine on a lease of a score of years. So long I certainly shall not live; but, if I did, even so long should I have the money to pay my rent and buy my food. I am no cosmopolite. Were I to think that I should die away from England, the thought would be dreadful to me. And in England, this is the place of my choice; this is my home.
Half the people on our streets look as though life was a sorry business. It is hard to find a happy looking man or woman. Worry is the cause of their woebegone appearance. Worry makes the wrinkles; worry cuts the deep, down-glancing lines on the face; worry is the worst disease of our modern times. Care is contagious; it is hard work being cheerful at a funeral, and it is a good deal harder to keep the frown from your face when you are in the throng of the worry worn ones. Yet, we have no right to be dispensers of gloom; no matter how heavy our loads may seem to be we have no right to throw their burden on others nor even to cast the shadow of them on other hearts. Anxiety is instability. Fret steals away force. He who dreads tomorrow trembles today. Worry is weakness. The successful men may be always wide-awake, but they never worry.
Fret and fear are like fine sand, thrown into life's delicate mechanism; they cause more than half the friction; they steal half the power. Cheer is strength. Nothing is so well done as that which is done heartily, and nothing is so heartily done as that which is done happily. Be happy, is an injunction not impossible of fulfillment.
Pleasure may be an accident; but happiness comes in definite ways. It is the casting out of our foolish fears that we may have room for a few of our common joys. It is the telling our worries to wait until we get through appreciating our blessings. Take a deep breath, raise your chest, lift your eyes from the ground, look up and think how many things you have for which to be grateful, and you will find a smile growing where one may long have been unknown. Take the right kind of thought—for to take no thought would be sin—but take the calm, unanxious thought of your business, your duties, your difficulties, your disappointments and all the things that once have caused you fear, and you will find yourself laughing at most of them.
Our life in the city is very different from life in the villages and on the farms. People in large cities are much more careful to respect the privacy of the individual.
Sometimes this feeling seems to be one of indifference, but it is a convention of city life to curb one‘s curiosity about the personal affairs of strangers. Villagers and farmers are likely to show a great deal of interest in all their neighbors. Opportunities for bright young people are greater in the cities and there has been a steady stream of hopeful jobseekers from the villages and farms to the large metropolitan areas.
——初中英语试题范本五份
一. 单项填空
1. ---What colour is the bike?
---It’s _______ orange.
A. an B. a C. / D. the
2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________.
A. my B. I C. mine D. me
3. ---Oh, your kite is very nice.
---__________________.
A. That’s right B. No, it’s not nice C. Yes, it is D. Thank you
4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young.
A. is B. sees C. looks D. watches
5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home.
A. to B. in C. for D. on
6. ---________ is your coat?
---The black one.
A. What B. Where C. Which D. How
7. ---________ is the toy?
---It’s on the bed.
A. Who B. Where C. What D. Whose
8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over there.
1
A. it B. they C. their D. them
9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my watch, please?
A. look B. look like C. look after D. look at
10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher.
A. / / B. at; to C. after; / D. on; after
11. ---Whose dress is this?
---It’s _________.
A. Lucy B. Lucy’s C. Jim D. Jim’s
12. The girl ______ the purple coat is his sister.
A. at B. in C. on D. with
13. There is a bird ______ the tree.
A. in B. on C. to D. of
14. There are many ________ in our school.
A. woman teachers B. woman teacher
C. women teacher D. women teachers
15. ---Is there a ball under the desk?
---______________________.
A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there’s
C. No, there isn’t D. No, there is
16. There _______ some books and a pencil on the desk.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
17. ---Let me help you.
---_______________.
A. You’re welcome B. Thanks very much
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C. Don’t worry D. Yes, thanks
18. ______ old man is ______ English teacher.
A. The; an B. An; an C. The; the D. A; a
19. ---What _____ five plus six?
---It’s eleven.
A. am B. is C. are D. /
20. ---What ______ you see in the picture?
---I can see some flowers.
A. must B. can C. are D. do
二. 完形填空
This is a picture of Kat’s ____1____. What can we ____2_____ in the picture? Look ____3____ it, please. The man ____4____ the black coat is Kate’s father, Mr. Green. The ____5____ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They ____6____ young. The baby is Kate. The little boy is Kate’s ____7_____, Jim. ___8____ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, he’s ____9___ brother, Mr. Read. He ____10____ young, too.
1. A. families B. family C. parents D. brothers
2. A. look B. do C. see D.put
3. A. at B. after C. for D. up
4. A. on B. of C. in D. to
5. A. man B. girl C. women D. woman
6. A. are B. is C. look like D. looking
7. A. sister B. brother C. father D. aunt
8. A. What’s B. Where’s C. Who’s D. How is
9. A. his B. her C. our D. their
10. A. looks B. am C. look D. very
三. 在B栏中找出A栏英语句子的正确答语
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(A) 1. How are you?
2. Can you spell it, please? .
3. How do you do?
4. What row are you in?
5. What’s two plus eight?
6. Nice to meet you.
7. How old are you?
8. Who’s not here?
9. Where is the bag?
10. What is this in English?
(B)
A. I am in Row 6.
B. Fine, thank you
C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book.
D. It is ten.
E. Nice to meet you, too.
F. I am 14.
G. Wang Ping is.
H. It’s here.
I. It’s a book.
J. How do you do?
四. 完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处
Jim: Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is this? Is it yours?
Ann: Let me have a look.________1_______. I think it’s Sam’s. My dog is brown.
4
Jim: Sam, look at the dog behind the tree.________2__________?
Sam: Sorry, it isn’t mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Mary’s. Jim: _____________3______________?
Sam: She’s my friend. Look! She’s over there. Let’s go and ask her.
Jim: _______________4_______________.
Sam: Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours?
Mary: _______________5_______________.
Sam: It’s a lovely dog! Don’t lose it!
Mary: Yes, thank you.
A. Who’s Mary
B. OK, let’s go
C. Oh, no it’s not mine
D. Oh, yes. It’s mine
E. Is it yours
五. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ________ (He) pen is in ______ (I) pencil-box.
2. ________ (You) shoes ________ (be) under the bed.
3. ________ (Who) new ruler is this?
4. ---Are these trousers _______ (you)?
---No, they aren’t ________ (we)
5. It’s time ________ (go) and play games.
6. This is my pen. Please give it to ________ (I).
7. I have two ________ (baby).
8. Look! That is a ________ (China) car.
5
9. It is __________ (my teacher) sweater.
10. Now her ________ ( parent) are in America.
六. 阅读理解(A)
Bob was born in a big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. His mother is a very capable woman. She is the manager of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. His younger sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in a private primary school. She has a very good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going to school. Bob gets on well with his family. He is on good terms not only with his parents, but also with his sisters and brother. (have a friendly relationship with sb.) He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes.
根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答“A”，错误的答“B”。
1. Bob was born in a small and rich family.
2. He has two brothers and a sister.
3. There are five people in his family.
4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private primary school.
5. “He is an apple in their eyes” means “They love him very much”.
(B)
Look at the clothes line in the twins' bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the clothes line are black. They are not new but clean. Are they Lily's clothes? No. I know they are Lucy's. Lily's clothes are on a clothes tree near the window. Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on the clothes tree, but it's not Lily's, it's Lucy's. There is an old hat on Lucy's bed in the room, it's Lily's. There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lily's.
1. What can you see in the bedroom? I can see __________.
A. a clothes line B. a tree C. a bed
2. What colour are Lucy's trousers? They are ________.
A. green B. black C. brown
3. Where is Lucy's hat? It's on _________.
6
A. the clothes tree B. the clothes line C. lily's bed
4. How many beds are there in the room? ________.
A. only one B. three C. two
5. Are there any things on Lily's bed? ________.
A. Yes, there is a hat on it
B. No, there is not anything on it
C. Sorry, I don't know
(C)
It's a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Some of them come from America, and some come from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall.
There are two Chinese in the bus. One is woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much.
1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall __________.
A. by bike B. by car C. by plane D. by bus
2. There are __________.
A. only one Chinese in the bus B. only two Chinese in the bus
C. only two Chinese on the bike D. only one Chinese in the car
3. The driver is __________.
A. a man B. a woman C. a Canadian D. an American
4. The people __________.
A. are singing B. are talking C. are listening D. are looking at the wall
5. They __________.
A. can see the Great Wall B. can speak English very well.
C. want to talk with the man very much D. want to see the Great Wall very much
Ⅰ.单项填空：（40%）
1. Mr. Wang ______ work in Canada last year.
A. didn’t found B. wasn’t found C. doesn’t find D. didn’t find
2. His family moved ______ London two months ago.
A. to B. for C. of D .in
3. Yesterday was much ______than today.
A. cold B. colder C. coldest D. the coldest
4. When did she finish ______ the bag?
A. pack B. packed C. packing D. to pack
5. ------- ______did you stay in the park?
------- About two hours.
A .How many B. How much C. How far D .How long
6. When new types of computer appear on the market, the price of old computer______.
A. go up B. fall down C. come down D. rise
7. The two men who______the shop of 20,000 yuan were caught this morning.
A. had robbed B. had stolen C. had grabbed D .had taken
8. I______ get away and rest up a little.
A . need B. needed C. will need D. need to
9. The police ______ the building ______ the thief.
A. is searching; for B. are searching; for C. has search;of D. have searched of
10. ------ Bad luck! I had my purse ______.
------ I’m sorry to hear that.
A. steal B. to steal C. stole D. stolen
11. The hospital is a little far from here. It’s about ______ .
A.40 minutes’ walk B.40 minute’s walk C.40 minutes walD.40 minutes’ walk
12. This kind of skirt looks ______ and sell ______ .
A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well ; well D. good; nice
13. We have friends all ______ the world.
A. over B. through C. in D. on
14. They told us about their school and we told them about ______ .
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
15. ______ of the students in this class have been to Beijing.
A. One four B.A quarter C. One fourths D. One forth
16. We Chinese people are all ______ our motherland.
A. famous for B. proud of C .busy with D. good at
17. Are you going to learn ______ second language in ______ third grade?
A. A ; the B. a ; a C. the ; the D. the ; a
18.------Do you think pizza is very popular in China?
-------_______.
A. No, I don’t think. B. Yes, I think so C. Yes, I don’t think so. D. No, I think.so
19. Would you like ______ with your bread?
A. some butters B. some botter C. any butter D. any butters
20. I like Chinese tea ______ in it.
A. without anything B. without nothinC. with anything D. with something
一、写出下列词的复数
1.book______ 2.bus ______ 3.orange _______
4.baby______ 5.boy______ 6.my ________
7.his_______ 8.knife______ 9.watch________
10.sheep ______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____
13.German__________ 14.Chinese_________
二、选择正确的答案
( )1.—Are those ______?
---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.
A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow
C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows
( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.
A. two orange B. two bottles of orange
C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges
( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?
A. a very good B. any
C. a piece of D. two pieces
( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.
A. 20 minutes’ walk B. 20 minute’s walk
C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk
( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.
A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan
C. Mr. James D. James Green
( )7.Jack and Tom are ____.
A. good friends B. good friend
C. a good friend D. good a friend
( )8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.
A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute
( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.
A. two breads B. two piece of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.
A. childs B. child C. children’s D. children
( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.
A. two months holiday B. two months’ holiday
C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holidays
( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.
A. works B. job C. work D. working
( )13.Li Lei is a friend of ___.
> A. I sister B. my sister’s
C. me sister D. my sister of
( )14.Have you read ____?
A. today’s B. today paper
C. the today’s paper D. today’s paper
( )15.How many ___ are there in the room?
A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes
( )16.Many ____ have been built in our city since 1987.
A. factorys B. factories
C. factoryes D. factorys
( )17.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
( )18.The cat caught two ___ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
( )19.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.
A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes
( )20.In our school there are fifty-five ___.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers
C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher
( )21.The three ___ will be put into prison.
A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs’
练*题答案：
1——5 ABCBD 6—10 AACCD
11—15 CCBDA 16—21 BCBCAC
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空:
1、Tom (be) in Paris since 2 years ago.
2、I (be) to the Great Wall twice.
3、My uncle (be) in this city for many years.
4、We (visit) our teacher already.
5、 May (go) home yet?
6、He (read) the book 3 times.
7、They just (leave) the farm.
8、She (not play) football these days.
9、My friend (see) the film before.
10、He never (meet) a foreigner.
11、He (give) you the answer as soon as he (come) back.
12、There (be) a meeting tomorrow. Please (come) on time.
13、My mother (work) for 3 years.
14、 (be) there much snow last winter? No, there (not).
15、We (start) at 10 if it (stop) raining.
16、The plane (take off) in a moment.
17、It (rain) for 3 days. There are too much rain this year.
18、How long you uncle (live) in Beijing.
19、We (learn) many words since we came to this school.
20、Where is Tom?
He (go) to Hangzhou. he ever (be) there before?
Yes. He (be) there 3 times.When he (go) there?
He (go) there 3 days ago.
21、The wind (blow) hard yesterday. It (blow) off my hat.
22、 you (hear) the news last night?
23、They (write) letters the whole morning. They didn't have a rest.
24、One day I (happen) to be alone at home. He (come) and we (have) a chat.(聊天)
25、She often (talk) about that book.
26、The train (leave) in 10 minutes.
27、Look! The children (play) in the park.
28、I already (walk) for 20 minutes. I'm too lived.
29、How long your father (live) in Beijing.
30、I (not read) today's newspaper yet it (come)?
31、His father (be) a doctor since 1987.
32、The foreign guests (arrive) in 5 minutes.
33、I (see) her this morning. What's wrong with her?
34、The boy (study) now. (not make) any noise.
35、Yesterday I (go) to (see) a film. On my way to the cinema, I (meet) your mother there. We (talk) a lot. We (be) very happy.
36、What you usually (do) after class? Sometimes I (go) to the library and sometimes I (have) sports with my classmates.
37、The students (listen) to the radio. (not sing) here, please.
38、I'm late the train (leave)?
39、Last week my grandma (go) to (see) a friend of her. She (be) very happy. She (cook) a good dinner. They (enjoy) it very much.
40、Tomorrow (be) Sunday. I (visit) an old friend.
41、I (fall) and (hurt) my neck last week.
42、Sometimes Li Ming (do) his homework at school. Now he (do) it in the classroom.
43、What Lin Ying (do) now? She (help) Wang Lin with his lessons. she often (help) him with his lessons? Yes, she (help) him with his lessons twice a week.
44、We (have) one or two new subjects every year. We (have) physics next year. I (work) hard at it.
45、It's five o'clock now. The students (clean) their classroom.
46、Li Fang's father (work) in that school.
47、We (have) a good time in the Summer Palace last Sunday.
48、He (not do) the cooking yesterday.
49、Look! the students (dance).
50、Mary (listen) to the radio when her mother came in.
51、Last night the boy (draw) a picture.
二、完成下列反意疑问句
1、You're in Grade two now, ?
2、Mary is going to study Chinese, ?
3、We're going to have a meeting this week, ?
4、They won't have a good time, ?
5、Let's go to school, ?
6、Listen to me, ?
7、There's little water in the rive, ?
8、The little girl can hardly read, ?
9、He has never been to Japan, ?
10、The students borrowed few English books from the library, ?
11、Kate made few mistakes in the exam, ?
三、单项选择
1、The boy likes questions.
A.ask B.answer C.to ask
2、We'll try there on time.
A.to get B.getting C.got
3、They hoped their mother soon.
A.to see B.saw C.seeing
4、I'm glad you again.
A.meet B.met C.to meet
5、He often helps me my bike.
A.mending B.to mend C.to mended
6、I heard Alice in the next door.
A.sings B.sang C.sing
7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself.
A.do B.to do C.doing
8、He saw Dick in and take a book away.
A.came B.coming C.come
9、Does Jack want a writer?
A.be B.is C.to be
10、The boss had them from morning to night.
A.worked B.working C.work
11、It's time home.
A.to go B.went C.going
12、Tom is kind. He would like you.
A.to help B.help C.helped
13、Don't forget your books to school.
A.bring B.to bring C.brought
14、I don't know .
A.where does he live B.what is he doing C.where he lives D.what he is dring it
15、Ask him how much .
A.did it cost B.cost it C.it costed D.it costs
16、I wonder used for.
A.what was this room B.which was this roomC.what this room was D.that this room was
17、I really don't know .
A.where he was born B.where he is born C.where was he born D.where is he born
18、We have no iden .
A.how worried was he B.how worried he was C.that was he worried D.what was he worried
19、He wanted to know there.
A.how long time I had been B.how long had I been C.how long I had been D.how long I was
20、My mother wants to know .
A.how is Tom getting along B.how he is getting along C.what is he getting along D.what he is getting along
21、What shall we do it rains tomorrow?
A.if B.when C.since
22、The doctor didn't have a rest the operation was over.
A.before B.after C.until
23、She didn't go to the cinema she was very busy.
A.when B.until C.because
24、His parents didn't send their children to school life was hard.
A.if B.while C.because
25、Finish doing your homework you go to bed.
A.before B.until C.after
26、The film was interesting all of us wanted to see it again.
A.as, as B.so, that C.such, that
27、 he heard a girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.
A.Before B.As soon as C.after
28、There are students in Class One in Class Two.
A.as many, than B.as much, as
C.more, than D.so many, as
29、 I was watching TV, my sister was litening to the radio programme.
A.After B.While C.Before
30、Let's wait for him he back.
A.until, will come B.until, came C.if, will come D.until, comes
31、I'll remember her the letter.
A.give B.gave C.to give
32、He turned on the radio and stopped to the radio.
A.listened B.to listen C.listening
33、He had decided it again.
A.written B.writing C.to write
34、It's cold. You need warm clothes.
A.to wear B.wearing C.wore
35、Mr Black mill agree there with you.
A.to go B.went C.will go
36、They were able to last year.
A.swam B.swim C.swimming
37、She is pleased her friend.
A.to meet B.met C.meeting
38、They were sorry that.
A.to hear B.heard C.hearing
39、He is sure tomorrow.
A.to come B.will come C.coming
40、Teacher told us quiet.
A.is B.are C.to be
41、He will teach me this year.
A.to skate B.skating C.skated
42、They asked him any noise.
A.not making B.no make C.not to make
43、Did you hear her the song in English last night?
A.sing B.sang C.to sing D.sings
44、The students don't know next.
A.to do what B.what to do C.what do D.do what
45、The boss made them ten hours a day.
A.worked B.working C.work D.to work
46、I'd like my good friend to my home.
A.come B.will come C.coming D.to come
47、Will you help me this morning?
A.do the wash B.to do the wash C.do the washing D.doing the washing
48、I'd love that film, will it be on tomorrow?
A.see B.to see C.seeing D.seen
49、He told them on with the work.
A.to go B.going C.go D.went
50、We'll try the work before seven o'clock.
A.finished B.finish C.to finish D.finishing
51、It's raining hard. You'd better .
A.go out B.not go out C.no to go out D.to not go out
52、This maths problem is difficult. Let me it over.
A.to think B.thinking C.think D.thought
53、Sorry I've kept you for a long time.
A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waited
54、It's not easy a foreign language.
A.learns B.learn C.to learn D.learning
55、The doctor was busy on the woman at that time.
A.operate B.operating C.to operate D.operated
56、I'm hungry. Please give me something .
A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.eaten
57、Mr Smith enjoys to light music.
