托福独立写作评分四大不准原则 (菁华3篇)

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托福独立写作评分四大不准原则1

  如果考生的文章是组织有序的,那么阅卷者从头看到尾也不会感到糊涂。但是朗阁海外考试研究中心在此提醒考生,文章结构的有序,并不是单纯地使用了诸如first,second之类的连词就可以达成。文章中所有的句子必须服务于你的论述主题,一旦脱离了主题,那么再精辟的连词也是徒劳的。此外,在独立写作的评分标准里提到了“unity”,“progression”,“coherence”,这就意味着考生需要将自己的观点通过合理的句型表达出来,做到统一,层层递进,连贯,以期让阅卷者能够“一目了然”文章的意图。以下我们来看一个例子:

  In any relationship of mine,I would wish that first of all,the person I am dealing with is honest. Even though he/she thinks that he/she did something wrong that I wouldn’t like,he/she’d better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else,that’d be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again? How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there. So if I cannot trust a person anymore,if the person doesn’t think I can handle the truth,there is no point to continuing that relationship.

  在这个段落里,作者的语言流畅,准确,丰富,前后衔接紧密,语意连贯,句式较多变,并且使用了反问这种修辞手法,因此很好的完成了“组织”句子的目的。尽管不能说十全十美,但是这样的论述仍旧可以得到满分。与之形成鲜明对比的是:

  The people lining up in the embassy are ap*ing for a variety of visas. Some applicants want student visas. Other applicants want resident visas. The other applicants want tourist visas. Ap*ing for resident visas is very difficult; one has to meet a lot of requirements. According to a recent survey,the largest number of applicants are ap*ing for tourist visas. The number of people ap*ing for student visas comes in second. Among all the applicants,only a fraction want resident visas.

  这段话的主题句显然是第一句,根据评分要求里对于段落一致性的要求,主题句后面的支持句都必须围绕“不同的人在*里申请不同的签证”这个话题展开论述。仔细分析后我们发现上面这段话里多了一个不相干的句子:“Ap*ing for resident visas is very difficult; one has to meet a lot of requirement.”,这句话虽然也在谈签证,但是它谈论的是“申请签证很困难”这个论点,这样的话和段落主题就不相同了。因此考生在写文章时,一定要做到一个段落只讲一个话题,主题句的论点必须贯穿这个段落,后面的每一个支持句都朝一个方向前进,只有这样才能写出条理分明的文章。

托福独立写作评分四大不准原则2

  对于独立写作的字数要求,官方的说法是:“An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words,you may still receive a top score,but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5.”。可见,若想得到高分,考生最好能将文章写到300字以上,虽然有些文章字数不足但仍可得到满分,但是毕竟这种情况比较罕见,要充分对于考题展开论述,从而有利地支持文章观点,充足的字数是必须的。

托福独立写作评分四大不准原则3

  文章的发展指的是运用例子,细节和理由来支持你在文章中所阐述的观点。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析发现,阅卷者不希望看到考生为了凑字数而过多使用一些“模式化”的单词或句子来发展文章,也不愿意看到考生过多抄袭或者沿用题目中的句子。他们会考察考生在用自己的话论述观点上的能力。比如:

  Some people say that advertising encourage us to buy things we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Yes,it is. I buyed much,because TV ads.

  显然,这个考生除了增加几个单词外,只是完全抄袭了写作题目,而且没有关于文章话题的发展。并且出现了低级拼写错误和连词使用错误,因此属于0分的文章。我们再来看看这个例子:

  The importance of the issue raised by the posed statement,namely creating a new holiday for people,can not be underestimated as it concerns the very fabric of society. As it stands,the issue of creating a new holiday raises profound implications for the future. However,although the subject matter in general can not be dismissed lightheartedly,the perspective of the issue as presented by the statement raises certain qualms regarding practical application.

  这个考生虽然写了很多字,但是没有发展出任何真正的主题,这个在独立写作中都是很忌讳的事情。


托福独立写作评分四大不准原则 (菁华3篇)扩展阅读


托福独立写作评分四大不准原则 (菁华3篇)(扩展1)

——托福写作七大基本原则 (菁华3篇)

托福写作七大基本原则1

  原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的.时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如:

  走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room

  但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room

  小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room

  小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room

  老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room

  所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!

托福写作七大基本原则2

  工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:

  As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

  如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!

  强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

托福写作七大基本原则3

  写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的.短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:

  I cannot bear it.

  可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it.

  I want it.

  可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it.

  这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。


托福独立写作评分四大不准原则 (菁华3篇)(扩展2)

——托福独立写作破题思路 (菁华3篇)

托福独立写作破题思路1

  之后,便该比较遗留的可能性论点,选取能言之有物且不交叉的项目,作为主要论点了。发散思维时,思维如洪水,*卷一切进入视野的可用之材,但大浪淘尽后,选择时就要格外注意这些素材的特征属性,看准了着手点才能下手。一个可能的论点必须作者有话可说才能选用,但如果对一个论点有太多话要说,就应该停下来,看看这些话能否安插在其他论点上。这也是出于观察论点间交叉性的需要。比如我选生活节奏改变,引发出速食对食量的影响,再引出对身体的影响,但第一个选择的论点是营养价值对身体的影响,两个论点就交叉在一起了。

  在挑选论点,寻找言之有物这个“物”的时候,一定要注意避免层面的交叉,而这个层面,也要从题目中来:题目问的是对生活质量的影响,这些选择的层面一定和生活质量有关。生活质量又有什么层面呢?身体健康是一层,心理健康是一层,这两者合并在一起,是人类健康生活的基本要求,而物质享受是在基本要求上的锦上添花,又可以算一层,三层不交叉的层面就找到了。以此为依据,再回头找匹配的论点,事半功倍。此处也需要注意,破题时给出的方向只是方向,不是成熟的论点。有需要时,可以把匹配的几个方向糅合成一个论点,方便下笔。

  针对本题,笔者草拟三个论点如下:身体健康下降:速食对食量的影响。心理健康下降:快速的生活节奏造成压力。物质享受下降:精心调配的美食是一种格调,人们正在沉沦于生活压力中,丧失享受的品位。

  为调整思路,笔者绞尽脑汁才准备出这三个论点,大家可能都看得心满意足,以为思路完成了,可以下笔了.事实上就这么下笔,的确已经可以成文了.可要写成一篇动人的议论,还是不够.因为这三个论点虽不交叉,却只有一条明线为关联:这条明线就是支持全文观点.细细研究,它们再无其它联系,如果写成文章,读后不会有一气呵成的畅快淋漓之感,也不会特别深入人心.

  这条暗线,应该是什么呢?是让文章从死板规矩的举例说理,三片豆腐块儿拼成的死文字,变成有思想,又灵性,能从纸上走出来,走进读者内心去的,作者的心声。这暗线,就是前文提过的,能赋予文章品格的,刚柔之论,是或者以情,或者以理,串联整篇文章。以这个题目为例,笔者决定以理服人。

  既然这条暗线要贯穿全文,就必须与各个论点有一定联系。而在串连所有论点的同时,要避免交叉,就使这个暗线出于一个全新的视角。之前笔者从题目用词的角度发散思维,再根据题目提问的出发点将发散开的思维分成三股收束起来。从题目本身入手,已无处再用力,可以使用的视角,只能从个人经验和知识中采凿-----而这正是独立写作的.基本要求:writing based on knowledge and experience

  仍然以题目为例,笔者醉心心理学,因此这一次的暗线会从心理角度入手。调用笔者的心理学知识储备,在遗留的可能性论点中寻找可以嵌含的切入点,将可以利用的心理角度理论排列出一定顺序,落笔时以暗线而非明线的顺序依次展开论证。

托福独立写作破题思路2

  从小学开始,每个人就在接受写作的训练,记叙文,描述文,议论文……各种文体的练*作了一遍,上初中再练,练到高中,问题的区分已经不再重要,只要得到一道题,能写出抓人眼球的文章,就是目的。为了拿高分,多少考生极尽铺陈排笔之能事,以辞藻之华丽为第一要务,争奇斗艳,极度忽视文章的实用性。浮华之风流至今日不绝。猛然跳出个人来问,“写作是什么?”百人之中,可有一人知晓?

  追根还要溯源,文章由语言组成,文章的功能就是语言的功能。人类创造语言,目的是为了表达,因此文章的主要目的也是表达。而在语言的表达形式外,文章还有个以文字符号在介质上记载的形式,所以文章之所以成文,是为了记录某刻的表达,流传于世。人类可以表达的事物有两种类型:一是私念,表达一时之心情,感悟,决心,等等;二是公务,表达一件大事的行动步骤,如计划书,或某项行动的可行性,如议论文,等等。文章分品格,可刚可柔,就是从这公私分明上来。上乘的文章往往刚柔并济,用的是公理私情一起上的招数,打击面广,能拍中的软肋多,因而说服力大。换个大家熟悉的概念就是合情入理。

  写文章的目的如果找到,写作的手段也就有迹可循。所谓对症下药,写作也当如此。动笔前要明白自己的表达对象是什么,即写作目的。针对这个写作目的,应该使用怎样的手法表达最动人心。如果是记叙文,旨在记录,那当然要多多形容,将事情的前因后果交代得越清楚明白、越跃然纸上,越好;——如果还能夹杂恰到好处的修辞,那简直是千古奇文。但IBT要求我们写的是根据自己的见识经历,经思考而做的议论文章。议论的品格可以不相似,从议题着手,因地制宜。比如一道机经作文问你愿不愿意写与家常同居。涉及私人情感太种,可以化百炼钢为绕指柔,所有论段都以一个情字为出发点,处处以情动人。再如一道机经问是否应该在大学期间博学兼收,既关联个人兴趣之所在,也关乎未来发展,于情于理都讲头,可以刚柔并济。也可以完全据理驳斥,字字力透纸背,句句如黄钟大吕,振聋发聩,掷地有声。一言蔽之,若不能刚柔并济,便要或者至刚或者至柔,——即一定要说服读者,不能说服,也得让读者有极深的印象。

  要做到这一点,写作者应该具备的是什么条件呢?不是以华文丽藻哗众取宠,而是个人眼界,素质,修养以服人。一个词,深度。关于这一点的具体论述,笔者会在陪伴大家完整得经历写作的各项工序后给出。

  IBT独立写作的评分标准我附上了,仔细研究一番,4个基本的评分标准:破题,结构,思路,语言。语言的好坏只占评分准则中的一项。更为具体的,从OG上找到的官方明确说法:

  Raters will judge the quality of your writing. They will consider how well you develop your ideas, how well you organzie your essay and how well you use language to express your ideas.

  往多了算,语言依然只占分数的三分之一,重心仍然在立意,思路和结构上。其中的立意,就是破题,是上文论述提及的写作目的,思路即为上文中的刚柔之说。结构是落笔成文时应该注意的小花哨。只要这三点掌握,IBT写作的分数,就算语言不过关,理论上也能得20分的'。由此看来,*写作的*惯性关注语言,实在要不得。可是要从这三个方面入手,又该怎么准备呢。请容我细细道来。

托福独立写作破题思路3

  破题的两个字眼,一个是“题”,心里要满装着题目,一个字一个标点也要看得清清楚楚,不可以有哪怕一个空格的疏漏。另一个是“破”,要对题目里的每一个单词都细嚼慢咽,深刻理解,读过了的词如百步穿杨,准确无误的明了其所指,这也包括该单词的引申含义,言外之义。

  此处笔者将以从OG提供的195道例题中随机抽的一题为例,进行详细示范。

  Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

  我们看见了一个nowadays,指的是现代生活,现今时代,今年甚至是今天,也就是我们正在每天体验的生活。我们又看到food,今天的人们有什么吃的呢?健康饮食理念者爱吃生疏加熟粗粮,不健康饮食理念者也有肯德基麦当劳。儿童有糖果饼干果冻,大街上随处都有的买。正规家居过日子的人也有各种原料和佐料等着下厨。这个food指的是什么呢?继续看,food has become easier to prepare,有个比较级,是要和谁比较,比较什么?从to prepare判断,原来是比较准备出食物的难易程度,这不可能是和人们还不知为何状的未来的食物相比,那么就是和过去,也就是和传统食物相比了。这个比较可以从多种角度入手。围绕着现代食物比较容易准备,我们能够轻易想到的有:准备时间缩短了,食用方式可能改变,营养价值可能改变,人们烹调时的心情改变,食用心情改变,对身体的长远影响改变,烹调方面节省下来的时间可以用在其它方面,导致生活节奏改变,生活重心改变,长此以往情趣格调改变,兴趣爱好改变,乃至性情改变等等等等。从题目给出的条件,我们得到了这么多可能的后果,那么题目问的是什么呢?has this change improved the way people live ?大汗无语中,从上面的破题结论看来,这个论题有着太多的选择方向。那么多可以改变的条目,我们选什么做立意之根本呢?


托福独立写作评分四大不准原则 (菁华3篇)(扩展3)

——托福独立写作高分 (菁华3篇)

托福独立写作高分1

  Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.

  The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________. 就理由进行解释_____________________. For instance,____________________

  Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________. 就理由进行解释___________________. For example,____________________  The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________  Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________.

  In a word, ________________________________________________.So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.

托福独立写作高分2

  将原题复述___________________________________________When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that______________________, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.

  The main reason for my propensity of _________is that___________________

  The second reason can be seen by every person that________.  In addition, these reason are also usable when we consider that_________.

  There are some disadvantages in____________________另一种观点的缺点__________.

  In a word, _____________重复观点句并缩写理由__________________.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that___________.

托福独立写作高分3

  When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that A, but others, in contrast, deem B as the premier choice and that is also my point. This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points.

  We may look into every possible reason, however, fore most reason for B is ____________________. For example, ______________.

  Also, ________________________.

  This is arbitray to judge B according only to the excuse I mentioned in the above paragraph.

  Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that________________.

  Admittedly, __________________A也有好的地方______________.By he same token, however, ______________B更好____________.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that_____________.


托福独立写作评分四大不准原则 (菁华3篇)(扩展4)

——经典四大语录 40句菁华

1、四大快:闪电,流星,骑马,**。

2、四大紧:手铐、脚镣、奶罩、避孕套。

3、四大卷边:鞋帮子袄袖子JB头子B豆子。

4、四大褶:干巴枣蔫吧梨老太太大B篮子皮。

5、四大干:失群燕,独边草,光棍枕头,犀牛角。

6、四大慢:车进站、船靠岸、王八爬山、蘑菇汉。

7、四大硬:墙上砖、门上栓、夜里鸡8、电线杆。

8、四大肥:秃子头,老板油,绵羊尾巴,大肠头。

9、四大软:香蕉皮,烂鸭梨,老头JB,任贤齐。

10、四大长:高压线,老河套,万里长城,火车道。

11、四大黑:包文正,呼延庆,三十晚上,无底洞。

12、四大光:太阳光,夜明珠,老牛的懒子,暴花秃。

13、四大响:敲新锣、摔细碗、新媳妇放屁、鸟叫唤。

14、四大响:敲新锣,摔细碗,新媳妇放屁,鸟叫唤。

15、四大暄:*梦思,槽子糕,孕妇的肚子,大面包。

16、四大臭:胶鞋垫,掏厕所,瓦斯罐冒气,第三者。

17、四大酸:妇女妒忌,里门杏,猪食槽子,泔水瓮。

18、四大好听:打细碗,撕绸缎,新媳妇说话,弹丝线。

19、四大愁:没孩子,受老婆气,分不到房,缺人民币。

20、四大细活:补灯炮、焊针鼻、修理钨丝、补暖瓶胆。

21、四大闲:老干部、调研员、老板的老婆、当官的钱。

22、四大急:大便没纸、抽烟没火、赌资不够、泡妞熄火。

23、四大折腾:霹雳舞,吃差了药,抽羊角风,睡不着觉。

24、四大歪;栽楞膀子,瘸腿人,烧鸡的脖子,拉小提琴。

25、四大闲:大款的老婆,领导的钱,下岗职工,调研员。

26、四大鲜:顶花黄瓜,落花藕,新结婚的小两口头一宿。

27、四大没准:电视广告,小孩撒尿,统计报表,天气预报。

28、四大窝囊:小蜜被撬,老婆被泡,脏款被盗,伟哥失效。

29、四大红:庙上的门,杀猪的盆,大姑娘的裤裆,火烧云。

30、四大红:杀猪的盆,妙里的门,大姑娘的嘴唇,火烧云。

31、四大不后悔:当过兵,放过炮,吃过耗子药,趴过火车道。

32、四大喜:久旱逢甘露,他乡遇故知,洞房花烛夜,金榜提名时。

33、四大娇气:木匠的斧子、瓦匠的刀、光棍的行李、大姑娘的腰。

34、四大怕:怕小姐有病,怕情人怀孕,怕群众写信,怕老婆自尽。

35、四大铁:一起同过窗,一起扛过枪,一起嫖过娼,一起分过赃。

36、四大节省:抽烟头,喝茶根,蹲在路边看小妮,躺在床上玩小鸡。

37、四大急:火车出轨,汽车放炮,新买的驴不上套,新娶的媳妇不让操。

38、四大工程:给苍蝇戴手套,给蚊子戴口罩,给耗子戴脚镣,给蟑螂戴礼帽。

39、四大干部:喝不喝先倒上、跳不跳先抱上、洗不洗先泡上、干不干先套上。

40、四大傻:炒股炒成大股东,炒房炒成了房东,泡妞成了老公,健身健成了**。


托福独立写作评分四大不准原则 (菁华3篇)(扩展5)

——托福阅读考试的出题原则 (菁华3篇)

  文章中若出现 must , all , only , anyone , always , never 等绝对性词汇或 first , most beautiful 等最高级词汇,往往是考题要点,一般出“细节性题目”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点,那就是 概念绝对 , 答案唯一 ,无论是出题还是做题,不会产出歧义和疑问,因此很容易出题,答案绝对正确。相反地,如果文章中出现相对性的词汇、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue ones. 其中 some 为相对性词汇,如果我们出这样一道题: What color hats did some people choose? 那么就没有唯一正确的'答案,因为有可能为 red,green 或 blue ,给评卷带来困难。

  句中由 as 或 such as , for example 等引导的`短语或句子为举例句,常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”。上面句型中的 as C 为插入的举例句。

  文章中若出现 must , all , only , anyone , always , never 等绝对性词汇或 first , most beautiful 等最高级词汇,往往是考题要点,一般出“细节性题目”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点,那就是 概念绝对 , 答案唯一 ,无论是出题还是做题,不会产出歧义和疑问,因此很容易出题,答案绝对正确。相反地,如果文章中出现相对性的词汇、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue ones. 其中 some 为相对性词汇,如果我们出这样一道题: What color hats did some people choose? 那么就没有唯一正确的答案,因为有可能为 red,green 或 blue ,给评卷带来困难。


托福独立写作评分四大不准原则 (菁华3篇)(扩展6)

——托福独立写作高分实用五篇

  Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.

  The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________. 就理由进行解释_____________________. For instance,____________________

  Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________. 就理由进行解释___________________. For example,____________________  The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________  Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________.

  In a word, ________________________________________________.So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.

  When it comes to______________, Nevertheless, in my part, I prefer A rather than B as my inclination. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.

  I agree with the statement that _________without reservation since___________.

  Naturally ___________.It can be given a concrete example__________.

  A more essential factor why I advocate the argument of __________is that. Obviously ________________.Take the case of a thing that____________.

  Furthermore, what is worth noticing fact is that ________________. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that__________________.

  Of course, choosing B also has advantages to some extent,_______________此处论述B的1-2优点___________.But if all these factors are contemplated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that_____________.

  Some people prefer to A. others believe B. When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that______________, but others, in contrast , deem A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. There are numerous reasons why___________, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here.  The main reason why I agree with the above statement, however, is that________________. Take ___________as example, ______________.

  There is another factor that deserves some words here. Such as________________.

  Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that______________. (examples:___________).

  From the above you might got idea that I agree______________.(repeat the above three reason____________).So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to _______________.

  The answer of this statement depends on your own experience and life style. In my point view, buying computers is as important as, if not more important than, buying books. So it is sagacious to ____________.Among countless factors which influence the choice, these are three conspicuous aspects as follows.

  The main reason for my propensity for __________is that____________.

  Another reason can be seen by every person is that________________.

  Furthermore, ______________.  In short,_________________复述前文中的理由______________.

  In my point of view, A is as important as, if not more important than B. So it is sagacious to choose A. Among count less factors which influence A. there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.

  The above point is certainly true if A is considered. For example,___________________

  Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that A is better than B. For instance,_______________

  It would probably not be too kindly disposed to the idea that B is not important . B________也好_________.

  In a word, to choose A or B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B, and neglect hte genuinely good aspects of A. For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that A, but not B.

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