Not long ago, people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does somethin the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings.
One study shows that babies can learn before they are born. The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant (怀孕的)woman. Then, they played a recording of a short story. On the day the baby was born, the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother. They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby.
The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was born. They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again.
Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere ( 干预)unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observed the women for signs of depression.The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer
from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear.
These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children. Children did ter when their mothers were caring, even when they suffered from depression.
52.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the factor that influences intelligence development in babies
A. The environment.
B. Mother's sensitivity.
C. Their peers (同龄人)
D. Education before birth.
53.What is the purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the stories
A. To prove that babies can learn before they are born.
B. To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are born.
C. To show mothers can strongly influence intelligence development in their babies.
D. To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies' language skills.
54.Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills
A. The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their children.
B. The children of women who did not suffer from depression.
C. The children of depressed but caring mothers.
D. Children with high communication abilities.
55.What is the main idea of the passage
A. Scientific findings about how babies develop before birth.
B. Scientific findings about how time has an effect on babies' intelligence.
C. A study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are rice or six months old.
D. Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babies.
答案解析：
【答案】
52.C
53.A
54.A
55.D
here are some strange driving laws in different countries.完形填空答案
here are some strange driving laws in different countries.
Countries
Laws
Vietnam
If you’re in Vietnam without a Vietnamese driver’s license, you risk a prison sentence of up to three years.
Russia
In Moscow, if your car is dirty enough to draw dust art, you will be fined about 2,000 rubles (about US $55). Worse yet, it’s illegal to wash your car by hand in public places — forcing you to take it to one of the few car wash facilities.
Thailand
Drivers —male or female — can’t drive shirtless, whether it’s a car, a bus, or a tuk-tuk cab.
France
France requires its drivers to carry a portable breathalyzer(酒精测量仪) at all times when driving a car. The one-time breathalyzer cost around US$5, and if you don’t have one, you will be fined US$15.
Cyprus
Raising your hands in the car can get you fined of US$35. The law states a driver can be fined if the person “is in an irregular position inside the car or raises his hand from the steering wheel unnecessarily.
Japan
Politeness isn’t just the culture in Japan; it’s part of driving laws. Splashing a person by driving through a puddle(水坑) with your car will cost you over US$60. The country is also strict with its DUI(酒驾) laws — riding with or lending your car to a driver who gets caught drinking and driving can lead to a fine costing thousands of dollars.
24. Where should you go to wash your car when you are in Moscow
A. The car wash facilities. B. Any public place
C. Your home D. The forest
25. What can get you fined for in Cyprus
A. Forgetting to carry a portable breathalyzer.
B. Not having a Cyprus driver’s license.
C. Putting your hands above your head when you are driving.
D. Driving without a shirt.
26. If you are fined thousands of dollars in Japan, you may have been ____.
A. in an irregular position in your car
B. sitting in a car with a drunk driver
C. splashing a person with mud
D. impolite to other drivers
27. This text can most likely be found in _______.
A. a law document B. a fashion magazine
C. an international newspaper D. a column on interesting cultures
答案解析：
【答案解析】
24. A。解析：细节题，根据文章Russia部分的 it’s illegal to wash your car by hand in public places — forcing you to take it to one of the few car wash facilities可知选A。
25.C。解析：细节题。根据文章Cyprs部分的The law states a driver can be fined if the person “is in an irregular position inside the car or raises his hand from the steering wheel unnecessarily可知选C。
26. B。解析：细节题。根据文章Japan部分的The country is also strict with its DUI(酒驾) laws — riding with or lending your car to a driver who gets caught drinking and driving can lead to a fine costing thousands of dollars可知B正确。
27D。解析：推测题。A. a law document法律文件;B. a fashion magazine服装杂志; C. an international newspaper国际报纸;D. a column on interesting cultures有趣的文化柱。通读全文，我们可知各国的有趣的交通规则。故判断选D。
[1]The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs, but in modern-day society we are seeing some new kinds of addictions. Some people are compulsive (难以自制的) shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games
[2]Over the years, shopping has become a very common activity. Many people enjoy going to malls or stores more and more everyday, but it's more than a common hobby for some of them. They have turned into shopaholics. They are people who sim*** enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing it. They are hooked on shopping and usually buy things that they don't need. Even though they don't have enough money, they buy everything they want.
[3]The question is: why do they have this addiction? There isn't a specific answer. Some people go shopping when they are sad, worried, upset or lonely and they want to feel better. They use this activity as a way to forget their problems. Shopaholics say that they feel more important and better after they buy something. They also tend to have this addiction when they feel guilty.
[4]Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction, but it can ___________. Some of them can be psychological. If this is the case, people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit. However, the process, like for most addictions, is long, and they suffer a lot. It can also cause financial problems. They just think about satisfying their feelings, so they spend money they don't have. They get deep in debt, and they can even go bankrupt and get sent to prison. （294）
1. List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text.
(Please answer within 8 words)
① ________________________ ② _______________________③ ________________________
2. What's the main idea of Paragraph 3? (Please answer within 8 words)
_______________________________
3. Fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words. (Please answer within 6words)
_________________________________________
79. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop compulsive shopping.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese.
________________________________________________
Key:
1. shopping, drinking, playing computer games, working, watching TV, taking drugs.
第一段中最全面的概括了能使人成瘾的事情。"alcohol or drugs", "compulsive shoppers", "their work", "watching TV or playing computer games".考生要注意语言的表达，题目要求 "list three activities", 所以注意用名词或动名词来回答。
2. The reason why some people/ shopaholics have shopping addiction
The possible reasons for shopaholism/ shopping addition
第三段第一句The question is: why do they have this addiction?提出了问题，下文都是对此做出的解答。所以变换一下表达方式就可以得出准确的答案。
3. cause/ bring about/ result in many problems
关键是上下文要连贯。上文提到，购物癖看起来是没有害处的`瘾，但是…，所以要从有害的角度来说；下文也是从这个角度谈论的。
4. If this is the case, people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit.
Accordingly：根据情况来说，同原文中的"If this is the case"------如果这是事实的话，意思接*。 turn to…for help:求助…。找到这两个关键地方就能准确找出答案。
5. 他们购物成瘾，而且通常买的都是用不着的东西。（他们购物上瘾，常买些不需要的东西。）
be hooked on意为：成迷，上瘾，是关键短语。"that they don't need"是things 的定语从句。
Some people believe that international sports create goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international competitions encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments. ____1____ Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused mainly by minor national competitions.
One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation (愤慨) after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the loser's objection to the final decisions. ____2____ Their manager was very angry and he said, "This wasn't hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished." The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension (停赛) of the team for at least three years.
____3____ The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. ____4____ The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
____5____ The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympic there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism (爱国主义). (370)
A. It is believed that athletes come to the Olympic Games to compete for their countries.
B. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game.
C. An appeal jury discussed the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand.
D. They were sure that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents' victory was unfair.
E. So judges were probably the result of the conflicts between the teams from different countries in Olympic ball games.
F. But in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood.
G. The American basketball team announced that they would not give up first place of Russia, after a disputable end to their competition.
Key:
1. F 2. D. 3. G 4. C 5. B
Ali is from a Middle Eastern country. He now stays in the USA. He smokes a lot of cigarettes every day. He has smoked for nine years. Ali says, " I tried to quit (放弃) smoking in my hometown, but it was impossible. My parents smoke. My brothers smoke. All my friends smoke. At parties and at meetings, almost all the men smoke. Here in the United States, not as many people smoke. ____1____ "
Many smokers are like Ali: they want to stop smoking. ____2____ They know it can cause cancer and heart disease. But it is difficult for them to give up smoking because cigarettes have a drug in them. The drug is nicotine. People who smoke a lot need nicotine.
____3____ The nicotine makes him sick. In a few days, the smoker's body is used to the nicotine, and he feels fine. Later, the smoker needs nicotine to keep feeling fine. Without nicotine, he feels bad.
____4____ Many people who quit will soon smoke again. At a party or at work they will decide to smoke "just one" cigarette. Then they will smoke another cigarette, and another. Soon they become smokers again. ____5____ (240)
A. It is very hard to quit smoking.
B. It will be easier to change the smoking habit here.
C. Thus nicotine makes smokers addicted to cigarettes.
D. The smokers know that smoking is bad for their health.
E. When a person first begins to smoke, he usually feels terrible.
F. Maybe there is only one easy way to quit smoking: never start.
G. But it is said that medicine is needed to stop them from smoking.
Key:
1. B 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. F
Jesse Owens was born in Alabama in the USA, in 1913. There were ten children in his family. Jesse was the youngest. He went to school in the city of Cleveland. At school he showed how good he was at athletics. He could run fast. He could jump high. He could jump far. ____１____
In May, 1935 in Michigan, USA, he broke the world record for the long jump. This was his first world record. On the 25th May Jesse did something unusual. In 45 minutes he broke six world records. ____2____
____3____ There were only nineteen black athletes in the USA team. He won gold medals in the 100 meters race, the 200 meters race, the long jump and the relay race.
Jesse was not a professional athlete. This meant that he could not get money for running. ____4____ To make money he had to appear in strange races. Sometimes he had to race against horses.
In 1960 somebody broke Jesse's last world record. In 1980 Jesse died. (230)
A. Later, he became a professional athlete.
B. But he failed to go to the Olympic Games.
C. So he became the top student for his excellent studies.
D. People think this was the greatest athletics achievement ever.
E. In 1936 Jesse went to the Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany.
F. Because he was good at athletics, Jesse became a student at Ohio State University.
Key:
1. F 2. D 3. E 4. A
——中考英语阅读理解及解析3篇
When you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend for new clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale(销售).
There are labels(标签)inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash by washing in cold water. The label on a coat may say "dry clean only." Washing may ruin(损坏)this coat. If you do as the directions(说明)say on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes today must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check(核实)to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.
You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that cost more money are not always better made. They do not always fit(合身)better. Sometime less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.
1.If you want to save money you can buy clothes that _____.
A. don’t fit you
B. don’t last long
C. need to be dry cleaned
D. can be washed
2.The label inside the clothes tell you______.
A. how to keep them looking their best
B. how to save money
C. whether they fit you or not
D. where to get them dry cleaned
3.The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is ______.
A. to look for well-made clothes
B. to see how much money you can pay
C. to know how to wash them
D. to read the labels inside them
4.We learn from the reading that cheaper clothes ______.
A. are always worse made
B. must be dry cleaned
C. can not be washed
D. can sometimes fit you better
5.The best title(标题) for the reading should be ______.
A. Buying Less Expensive Clothes
B. Taking Enough Money When Shopping
C. Being a Clever Clothes Shopper
D. Choosing the Labels inside New Clothes
【答案与解析】
1.此题为理解题，从第二段Dry cleaning is expensive. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.可以看出C答案不对，又可以从第三段很容易判断出A和B不对。
2.此题为理解题，第二段的第二句话应该被看作主题句。从此句可以看出该题答案选择A。 一般说来，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句，且多位于段首或段末，有时也会夹在中间。对无主题句的篇章，考生应对文章进行分析和归纳，然后概括中心思想。
3.此题为直接题，从文章第一段第一句可以看出答案选B。
4.此题为推理题，文章中虽然没有直接信息，但从文章第二段及第三段很容易推断出A，B，C答案都是错误的。又从第三段最后一句话可以推断出答案选D。
5.此题为概括题，此题考查文章的标题，主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或主题段)，要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思想。考生归纳各段的主题句不难发现此题答案选择C。
A couple from Miami, Bill and Simone Butler, spent sixty-six days in a life-raft(救生艇) in the seas of Central America after their boat sank.
Twenty-one days after they left Panama in their boat, Simony, they met some whales(鲸鱼). “They started to hit the side of the boat,” said Bill, “and then suddenly we heard water.” Two minutes later, the boat was sinking. They jumped into the life-raft and watched the boat go under the water.
For twenty days they had tins of food, biscuits, and bottles of water. They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water — two things which saved their lives. They caught eight to ten fish a day and ate them raw(生的). Then the line broke. “So we had no more fish until something very strange happened. Some sharks(鲨鱼) came to feed, and the fish under the raft were afraid and came to the surface. I caught them with my hands.”
About twenty ships passed them, but no one saw them. After fifty days at sea their life-raft was beginning to break up. Then suddenly it was all over. A fishing boat saw them and picked them up. They couldn’t stand up.
So the captain carried them onto his boat and took them to Costa Rica. Their two months at sea was over.
1. Bill and Simone were traveling _______ when they met some whales.
A. in a life-raft B. in Miami
C. in Simony D. in Panama
2. The whales hit the side of the boat, and then _______.
A. they brought in a lot of water
B. they broke the side of the boat
C. they pulled the boat
D. they went under the water
3. After their boat sank, the couple _______.
A. jumped into the life-raft
B. heard water
C. watched the boat go under water
D. stayed in the life-raft
4. During their days at sea, _______ saved their lives.
A. tins of food and bottles of water
B. a fishing-line and a machine
C. whales and sharks
D. Twenty passing ships
5. When they saw the fishing boat which later picked them up, _______.
A. they were too excited to stand up
B. they couldn’t wait to climb onto the boat
C. their life-raft was beginning to break up
D. they knew their two months at sea would be over
【答案与解析】
这是一篇关于一对夫妇如何遇到海难，然后在海上的救生艇上生活了66天后获救的小故事。
1. C。在第二自然段的第1句就告诉我们they left Panama, Simony, they met some whales 说他们是在Simony 旅游时遇见Whales.
2. B。我们从第二自然段得知They started to hit the side of the boat,也就是说是the whales broke the side of the boat。
3. D。在他们的船沉没之后，the couple是一直待在船上直至获救的，而不是一直都在jumped into the life-raft。
4. B。根据第3段的第2句They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water-two things which saved their lives可知：a fishing-line 和 a machine救了他们的命。
5. D。由最后一段After fifty days at sea...我们知道：the couple是太虚弱所以不能站起来，是由船长carried them onto his boat, 而救生艇早在出事后的50天就坏掉了，而不是获救当天坏的，所以A、B、C都可以排除，D项为正确选项。
Do you know how to play a game called "Musical Chairs"？ It is easy to play and most people enjoy it. All you need are some chairs， some people and some way of making music. You may use a piano or any other musical instrument， if someone can play it. You may use a tape recorder. You can even use a radio.
Put the chairs in a row. The chairs may be put in twos， back to back. A better way is to have the chairs in one row with each chair facing in the opposite direction to the chair next to it.
The game is easy. When the music starts， the players walk round the chairs. Everyone goes in the same direction， of course， they should walk in time to the music. If the music is fast they should walk quickly. If the music is slow， they should walk slowly.
The person playing music cannot see the people in the game. When the music stops， the players try to sit on the chairs. If a person cannot find a chair to sit on， he drops out. Then， before the music starts again， one chair must be taken away. When the music stops again， one more player will be out.
At last， there will be two players and one chair. The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner.
根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
1. If ten people are playing musical chairs， you must begin with _______.
A. nine chairs B. ten chairs
C. eleven chairs D. one chair
2. Which of the following is not suitable for playing musical chairs？ _______.
A. A piano B. A radio
C. A tape recorder D. A telephone
3. The chairs should be put _______.
A. with the desks B. before the winner
C. all over the room D. in a line
4. When the music starts,the players must _______.
A. run about the room
B. get down
C. walk around the chairs
D. sit on the chairs
5. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A. The game "Musical Chairs" is not difficult to learn.
B. The last one can sit on the last chair.
C. The winner can sit on the chair.
D. If the person plays music,he cannot be the winner.
答案与解析
1. 选A.因为在第4段有这样一句If a person cannot find a chair to sit on， he drops out.那么肯定是椅子比人数少1，这样才会有人没得坐，故选A.
2. 选D.在第1段中提到了A、B、C三种可以播放音乐的器具，而D项没有，因为一般来说电话是不能播放音乐的，所以选D.
3. 选D.第2段的Put the chairs in a row就是"把椅子排成一排"这意。选D.
4. 选C.由第3段中的句子When the music starts， the players walk round the chairs.可知答案为C.
5. 选B.本题可用排除法，由第1段第2句It is easy to play 可知道A项正确；由最后一句The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner.可知C项是正确的；由第4段的句子The person playing music cannot see the people in the game可知D项也是正确的。故答案选B.
——高中英语阅读理解范本5份
The flying fox is not a fox at all. It is an extra large bat that has got a fox’s head, and that feeds on fruit instead of insects (昆虫). Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when at rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one spot for years. Sometimes several hundred of them occupy (占据) a single tree. As they return to the tree toward sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight for the best places until long after daylight.
Flying foxes have babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has to carry the baby on her breast wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby bat falls down to the ground and squeaks (尖叫) for help. Then the older ones swoop (俯冲) down and try to pick it up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of dead baby bats can be found lying on the ground at the foot of a tree.
1. The passage tells us that there is no difference between the flying fox and the ordinary bat in______.
A. their size. B. their appearance.
C. the kind of food they eat. D. the way they rest.
2. Flying foxes tend to ______.
A. double (翻一番) their number every year.
B. fight and kill a lot of themselves.
C. move from place to place constantly.
D. lose a lot of their young.
3. At daybreak every day flying foxes begin to______.
A. fly out toward the sun. B. look for a new resting place.
C. come back to their home. D. go out and look for food.
4. Flying foxes have fights ______.
A. to occupy the best resting places. B. only when it is dark.
C. to protect their homes from outsiders (外来者).
D. when there is not enough food.
5. How do flying foxes care for their young?
A. They only care for their own babies.
B. They share the feeding of their young.
C. They help when a baby bat is in danger.
D. They often leave home and forget their young.
第一篇：My father
My father, at the death of his father, was six years old, and he grew up without education. He moved from Kentucky to Indiana when I was seven. We reached our new home about the time the state came into the Union. It was a wild area, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. I grew up there. There were some so-called schools, but what was required of a teacher never went beyond “reading, writing, and adding.” If a stranger supposed to understand Latin happened to live for a time in the area, he was looked on as wizard (奇才). There was sim*** nothing to excite a desire for education. Of course, when I grew up, I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write, and add, but that was all. The advance I have now made is on this store of education, which I have picked up under the pressure of necessity.
1. When the writer was a child ____ .
A. his grandfather died in the state of Kentucky
B. his family settled down in the countryside of Indiana
C. Kentucky joined the Union as a member state
D. his family had to move from place to place
2. When the writer was seven, his family moved to an area where ____ .
A. educated people were greatly respected
B. only a few had a knowledge of Latin
C. people were often killed by wild animals
D. the land had yet to be farmed
3. The schools in the area ____ .
A. were of poor quality (质量) B. offered all kinds of subjects
C. respected those who knew Latin D. had teachers good at reading, writing, and adding
4. How did the writer look at his early education?
A. He believed he met the school requirements.
B. He thought he was well-educated.
C. He thought it was not satisfactory.
D. He believed he was poorly educated.
5. At the time he wrote, the writer ____ .
A. had to learn to read, write and add
B. found it necessary to receive advanced education
C. was probably fairly well-educated
D. was dissatisfied with his level of education
第二篇：Tarawa
Tarawa is one of the two largest of the Gilbert Islands in the western Pacific Ocean, but it is a very tiny island, with an area of about eight square miles, and a population of about 17,000. Small as it is, three nations fought to control and use it as an air base during World War II. The Japanese took it from the British in 1941, only to lose it to the Americans tow years later after one of the bloodiest (血腥的) battles of the war. Today, the Gilbert Islands having become part of the Kiribati Pepublic, Tarawa is now its capital and major seaport (海港).
1. Which of the following diagrams (图解) gives the correct relationship (关系) between Kiribati, Tarawa and Gilbert Islands?
(K--Kiribati; T--Tarawa; G--the Gibert Islands)
2. Tarawa belongs to ______.
A. Japan. B. the U.S. C. Britain. D. Kiribati.
3. Tarawa lies nearer to ______.
A. Japan than to the U.S. B. the U.S. than to Japan.
C. Britain than to the U.S. D. Britain than to Japan.
4. Tarawa was important during World War II because of its ______.
A. size. B. population. C. position. D. history.
5. In recent history, Tarawa ______.
A. had been ruled by three nations one after another.
B. has been fought over in a tough battle by three nations.
C. has been divided and ruled by three different nations.
D. has always stayed out of the way of wars and battles.
第三篇：The flying fox
The flying fox is not a fox at all. It is an extra large bat that has got a fox’s head, and that feeds on fruit instead of insects (昆虫). Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when at rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one spot for years. Sometimes several hundred of them occupy (占据) a single tree. As they return to the tree toward sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight for the best places until long after daylight.
Flying foxes have babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has to carry the baby on her breast wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby bat falls down to the ground and squeaks (尖叫) for help. Then the older ones swoop (俯冲) down and try to pick it up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of dead baby bats can be found lying on the ground at the foot of a tree.
1. The passage tells us that there is no difference between the flying fox and the ordinary bat in______.
A. their size. B. their appearance.
C. the kind of food they eat. D. the way they rest.
2. Flying foxes tend to ______.
A. double (翻一番) their number every year.
B. fight and kill a lot of themselves.
C. move from place to place constantly.
D. lose a lot of their young.
3. At daybreak every day flying foxes begin to______.
A. fly out toward the sun. B. look for a new resting place.
C. come back to their home. D. go out and look for food.
4. Flying foxes have fights ______.
A. to occupy the best resting places. B. only when it is dark.
C. to protect their homes from outsiders (外来者).
D. when there is not enough food.
5. How do flying foxes care for their young?
A. They only care for their own babies.
B. They share the feeding of their young.
C. They help when a baby bat is in danger.
D. They often leave home and forget their young.
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives. His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn’t this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
Most people usually traveled by ship and train which are driven by steam engine. It played an important part in many kinds of vehicles several scores of years ago. Who invented steam engine and what units could be used to measure the power of engine?
The word “horse-power” was first used two hundred years ago. James Watt from a worker‟s family made the world first widely used steam engine. At first, he couldn‟t tell people how powerful it was, because there were no units at that time. Watt decided to find out how much work one strong horse could do in one minute. He named that unit one horse-power. In this way he could measure the work of his steam engine.
He discovered that a horse could lift a 3300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in one minute. His engine could lift a 3300-pound weight 100 feet in one minute. Because his engine did ten times as much work as the horse, Watt called it a ten horse-power engine.
This incident occurred one morning outside Albert Schweizer‘s hospital in the African jungle. A patient had gone fishing in another man‘s boat. The owner of the boat thought he should be given all the fish that were caught. Dr. Schweizer said to the boat owner;
�DYou are right because the other man ought to have asked permission to use your boat. But you are wrong because you are careless and lazy. You merely twisted the chain of your canoe round a palm tree instead of fastening it with a padlock. Of laziness you are guilty because you were asleep in your hut on this moonlit night instead of making use of the good chance for fishing.‖
He turned to the patient: �DBut you were in the wrong when you took the boat without asking the owner‘s permission. You were in the right because you were not so lazy as he was and you did want to let the moonlit night go by without making some use of it.‖
Dr. Schwerzer divided the catch among the fisher-man, the boat owner, and the hospital.
1. Dr. Schweizer settled the argument because ______.
A. he was the judge there B. it took place at his hospital C. he wanted some of the fish. D. he wanted to help the patient
2. The final judgment was the ______.
A. all the fish should go to the patient
B. the fish should go to the owner of the canoe C. the fish should be destroyed
D. everyone involved should get a third of the fish
3. The best title for this selection is ______.
A. The Argument B. A Wise Man‘s Decision C. The Thief D. Right and wrong
——高中英语阅读理解试题及答案实用五篇
The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.
Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.
As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals―many of which were built in the nineteenth century ― provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.
During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.
41. We can know from the first paragraph that ______________.
A. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody
B. people didn’t have to pay for health care since the NHS was set up
C. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948
D. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers
42. What do we know about the NHS?
A. It’s managed by the central government.
B. Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.
C. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.
D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.
43. All the following statements about GPs are true except that they ____________.
A. take care of the local people’s health
B. often take part in competitions to see who is the best
C. work under high pressure nowadays
D. have more responsibilities than before
44. What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?
A. suffering B. different C. prevented D. free
45. The biggest problem for the NHS is ______________.
A. many hospitals are too old to be used
B. some services are in the charge of individuals
C. more and more patients go to GPs for treatment
D. there is not enough money for further reform
【答案与解析】 41―45 CCBDD
国家保健中心由***直接负责，但由地方当局管理。建立国家保健中心的最初目的 是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，尤其儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。
41. C.细节理解题。根据最后一自然段最后一句可知，建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，而不是针对所有的人，所以前两项错误。
42. C.细节理解题。根据第4自然段“The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe…”可知。从第二自然段第一句可以看出国家保健中心由***直接负责，但由地方当局管理，所以A项错误。
43. B.细节理解题。根据最后一自然段话“and encouraging GPs to compete for patients”可知**鼓励全科医生之间相互竞争，而不是让他们进行竞赛，看谁的医术高明。
44. D.猜测词义题。前面提到医生开药方及给病人治疗牙病需要收费，再结合but一词可推断儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。
45. D.细节理解题。根据最后一自然段最后一句可知。
Jesse Owens was born in Alabama in the USA, in 1913. There were ten children in his family. Jesse was the youngest. He went to school in the city of Cleveland. At school he showed how good he was at athletics. He could run fast. He could jump high. He could jump far. ____１____
In May, 1935 in Michigan, USA, he broke the world record for the long jump. This was his first world record. On the 25th May Jesse did something unusual. In 45 minutes he broke six world records. ____2____
____3____ There were only nineteen black athletes in the USA team. He won gold medals in the 100 meters race, the 200 meters race, the long jump and the relay race.
Jesse was not a professional athlete. This meant that he could not get money for running. ____4____ To make money he had to appear in strange races. Sometimes he had to race against horses.
In 1960 somebody broke Jesse's last world record. In 1980 Jesse died. (230)
A. Later, he became a professional athlete.
B. But he failed to go to the Olympic Games.
C. So he became the top student for his excellent studies.
D. People think this was the greatest athletics achievement ever.
E. In 1936 Jesse went to the Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany.
F. Because he was good at athletics, Jesse became a student at Ohio State University.
Key:
1. F 2. D 3. E 4. A
When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coast” in Spanish.
Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported (出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the country’s second most important export.
Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors.
Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans.
56. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. How Columbus found Costa Rica.
B. How Costa Rica got its name.
C. What the Costa Ricans wore.
D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke.
57. The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses ______.
A. pink and red B. grey and black
C. blue and green D. yellow and orange
58. In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen ______.
A. must go to school
B. study in the same school
C. do not have to go to school at all
D. can choose to stop schooling at any time
59. From December to February, school children in Costa Rica ______.
A. have lessons every day
B. have their examinations
C. help their parents pick coffee beans
D. help their parents decorate their houses
60. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. Christopher Columbus B. Costa Rica
C. some products from Costa Rica
D. the education of Costa Rica
Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri?鄄beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.
At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri?鄄beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate ― refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery ― that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.
Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.
61. The underlined word “cure” in Paragragh 1 probably means ______.
A. a medical treatment B. a kind of vitamin
C. a kind of germ D. a kind of rice
62. Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______.
A. spend his holiday
B. find ways to grow better crops
C. do some research about the island
D. help the Javanese with their illness
63. Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?
A. To eat them.
B. To carry out his experiments.
C. To give the Javanese a surprise.
D. To make money by selling them.
64. If a person doesn’t get enough vitamins in his diet, he’d better ______.
A. eat more rice B. eat more meat
C. eat some chicken D. eat vitamin pills
65. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. beri?鄄beri was caused by chickens
B. the Javanese didn’t like vitamins
C. Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful
D. the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ
Parents have to do much less for their children today than they used to do，and home has
become much less of a workshop. Clothes can be bought ready made; washing can go to the laundry; food can be bought; cooked，canned or preserved; bread is baked and delivered by the baker; milk arrives on the doorstep; meats can be had at the restaurant，the work’s canteen，and the school dining-room.
It is unusual now for father to pursue his trade or other employment at home，and his children rarely，if ever，see him at his place of work. Boys are therefore seldom trained to follow their father’s occupation，and in many towns they have a fairly wide choice of employment and so do girls. The young wage-earner often earns good money，and soon acquires a feeling of economic independence. In textile areas it has long been customary for mothers to go out to work，but this practice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual factor in a child’s home life，the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty-five years. With mother earning and his older children drawing substantial wages father is seldom the dominant figure that he still was at the beginning of the century. When mother works, economic advantages accrue，but children lose something of great value if mother’s employment prevents her from being home to greet them when they return from school.
41. The writer mentions home as workshop because______.
A. fathers often pursue employment at home
B. parents had to make food and necessity themselves for their daily-life
C. many families produce goods at home for sale
D. both fathers and mothers and mothers in most families are workers
答案：B.细节理解题。解析：从第一段可知。
42. The writer says that home has become much less of a workshop. He means______.
A. in the past, home was more like a workshop
B. home is much more of a workshop now
C. home-workshops are becoming fewer and fewer
D. home was less like a workshop in the past
答案：A.推理判断题。解析：从第一句“Parents have to do much less for their children today than they used to do，and home become much less of a workshop.” 和下文所述可知，过去日常生活所需大部分都由自己做，“家”就如a workshop一样
43.The word“accrue”in the sentence“When mother...accrue，”is closest in meaning to __________________.
A. change B. dwindle C. double D. increase
答案：D.词义猜测题。解析：从“When mother works, economic advantages accure.”可判断出。
44. The chief reason that boys are seldom trained to follow their father’s occupation is ___________________.
A. that children nowadays rarely see their fathers at their place of work
B. that fathers do not like to pursue employment at home any more
C. that there is a wide choice of employment for children
D. that children also like to have jobs outside
答案：C.推理判断题。解析：由“...in many towns they have a fairly wide choice of employment and so do girls. The young wage-earner often earns good money...”可知答案。
45. What makes father no longer the only dominant person in a family?
A. With their earning，mother and children do not need to depend on father for their life.
B. There are many choice of employment for mothers and children.
C. Father does much less for his children today than he used to.
D. The number of married women in employment has increased greatly now.
答案：A.细节理解题。解析： 见第二段“With mother earning and his older children drawing substantial wages father is seldom the dominant figure that he still was at the beginning of the century.”。
——阅读理解及答案 (菁华6篇)
雪
鲁迅
暖国的雨，向来没有变过冰冷的坚硬的灿烂的雪花。博识的人们觉得他单调，他自己也以为不幸否耶？江南的雪，可是滋润美艳之至了；那是还在隐约着的青春的消息，是极壮健的处子的皮肤。雪野中有血红的宝珠山茶，白中隐青的单瓣梅花，深黄的磬口的蜡梅花；雪下面还有冷绿的杂草。蝴蝶确乎没有；蜜蜂是否来采山茶花和梅花的蜜，我可记不真切了。但我的眼前仿佛看见冬花开在雪野中，有许多蜜蜂们忙碌地飞着，也听得他们嗡嗡地闹着。
孩子们呵着冻得通红，像紫芽姜一般的小手，七八个一齐来塑雪罗汉。因为不成功，谁的父亲也来帮忙了。罗汉就塑得比孩子们高得多，虽然不过是上小下大的一堆，终于分不清是壶卢还是罗汉；然而很洁白，很明艳，以自身的滋润相粘结，整个地闪闪地生光。孩子们用龙眼核给他做眼珠，又从谁的母亲的脂粉奁中偷得胭脂来涂在嘴唇上。这回确是一个大阿罗汉了。他也就目光灼灼地嘴唇通红地坐在雪地里。
第二天还有几个孩子来访问他；对了他拍手，点头，嘻笑。但他终于独自坐着了。晴天又来消释他的皮肤，寒夜又使他结一层冰，化作不适明的水晶模样；边续的晴天又使他成为不知道算什么，而嘴上的胭脂也褪尽了。
但是，朔方的雪花在纷飞之后，却永远如粉，如沙，他们决不粘连，撤在屋上，地上，枯草上，就是这样。屋上的雪是阜已就有悄化了的，因为屋里居人的火的温热。别的，在晴天之下，旋风忽来，便蓬勃地奋飞，在日光中灿灿地生光，如包藏火焰的大雾，旋转而且升腾，弥漫太空；使太空旋转而且升腾地闪烁。
在无边的旷野上，在凛冽的天宇下，闪闪地旋转升腾着的是雨的精魂……
是的，那是孤独的雪，是死掉的雨，是雨的精魂。
15．诗中所表现的江南雪和朔方雪的美，有怎样不同的特色?(4分)
16．关于江南雪和朔方的雪，作者是怎样将它们联系在一起的?(4分)
17．写江南雪和朔方的雪与表现作者思想倾向有什么关系?(4分)
18．江南雪的“美艳”具体表现在哪里?作者从哪些角度表现朔方雪的形态和气势?(4
分)
15．(4分)江南的雪“滋润美艳”，充满生机；朔方的雪独立不羁，撼天动地。一是优美，一是壮美。
16．(4分)江南的雪虽然滋润美艳，充满生机和乐趣，但是雪罗汉的消失使人产生美好事物不能常在的惋惜之情，于是自然进入对朔方雪的描写。可以说写雪罗汉成为连接二者的桥梁，在内容和结构上起着由此及彼、承上启下的作用。
17．(4分)写江南雪的特质，寄托了作者对故乡美景及雪中欢乐的怀念之情，表现了作者对美好生活和理想的追求；由于现实的社会环境太寒冷太黑暗，所以写朔方的雪奋飞的雄奇景象，体现了作者不屈不挠的战斗的人生观。作者以江南雪的优美衬托朔方雪的壮美，从而突出表现了对壮美的战斗生活的追求。
18．(4分)“美艳”表现在雪野中的宝珠山茶、单瓣梅花、蜡梅花和雪下面的杂草上。描绘形态：永远如粉，如沙，决不粘连，撒在屋上，地上，枯草上；描画色彩：灿灿地生光；状写气势：蓬勃奋飞，如包藏火焰的大雾，旋转而且升腾，使太空旋转而且升腾地闪烁；勾画空间：无边的旷野上，凛冽的天宇下。
文学类文本阅读
阅读下面的文字，完成16-18小题。
过岭
师陀
我不曾骑过马，对于“马性”是不大了解的。现在巧得很，一匹马立在暮色苍茫的道上，只等我骑上去。它不停地摆耳蹬蹄，想是已经饿得发慌。然而要骑上去，便觉得欠一点勇气，——就是说“欠一点”吧。虽然不晓得“马上威风”，但关于马的传说是知道一点的。我生长的地方有一句话，道是：“一马三分龙。”马似乎又有几分神性了，但只说有“三分”，可见并不是龙。我既不憎马也不敬马。
据说马的脾气很大，性子也很暴烈。而望望前面的山，也颇有几分神秘意味。要走上去的一面，正背着阳光，显得非常晦暗。上到山顶约有五六里路的样子。山路颇险，倘一个不留神，岂但“翻身落马”，且要“落山”，将有性命之虞。所以作起“一鞭残照里”的诗句并不难，难的倒是骑上去，又如何来那么一鞭，何况从没有骑过马的呢?这时凭空想起不如骑马阅兵了，那定然有一名“马童”将马带牢，绝不听其发脾气：这气派倒是在画报上看见过。
来接的朋友同随从都已到齐，在马上扬鞭催促了。不便再磨延，即耸身跨上鞍桥。还好，它并不如我曾料想的那般凶刁，在人将骑与未骑稳之际猛地向前一撞。我一面暗自感谢马，一面感谢马的主人。
“这马几时也清高起来了?”我说。
马摆了摆头，很斯文，又像对我*。
人马一直升上去，是一种既危险又快意的感受。路折转而上，兼之刚下过雨，脚下那些被磨得秃光秃光的石块，异常滑溜。马像溜冰似的一面打着滑跌，为防备一失足落向深谷，一面还得跳着“狐步舞”。蹄声咵咵响着，其雄壮是只有“马赛进行曲”可以比拟的吧。
晚霞发出彩绢般的光，一缕一缕横斜在头顶。人同马打着滑跌，跳着舞，踏着进行曲渐渐接*彩霞，似乎马一跃身，就可以钻进去。回望上下，溪谷间腾起茫茫浓雾，此身飘飘然，就如在云端里，觉得当真要万念俱空似的。骑马登山竟是这样充满诗意，真是想也不曾想到。
但是，这诗境中的人物也不能一直做下去。当将要一脚踏进云端时，马却停下来了。它知道云端不能驰骋，竞又是这样不通人意。呜呼!
在这短短的行程中，我知道马与驴不同。倘是驴(不仅刁赖，而且愚蠢)，要决意怠工下来，就一个干脆，将人摔下脊背，算是给责打者的一点惩罚。而马不然，比驴聪明，它懂得责打是为着要它前进，并非逼它投崖自尽，所以任怎样处罚，它只是给一个不理。它很斯文地站着，在鞭下还观赏山景，大“可以充吾师”的。不得已我只好请它上去。来到山顶，已是暮色垂垂，四周昏暗。
一颗星像水银珠，在西南方光亮得灼灼闪耀。四山绝了飞鸟。最远处，一座崇峦后面，尚残留着稀微的白光，照耀着积雪的山巅。谷上弥漫着雾，有黑影在摇动。隐约中树丛下面送来吠声。经年的枯草瑟瑟作响，山景益见荒凉。风吹得马的鬃鬣翻转来，尾巴顺风飘摆，一缕一缕似要飞去。马四蹄打颤，迷茫地望着远处，悲抑地摇摇头，又继续啮食枯草。问了同行者，说是还有十五里的山路要走。
现在回想，题目应作“荒山乘马图”，自己便做做“图”中的主角，充充“风尘三侠”中的人物，在时下定会受欢迎的吧!
(选白《师陀散文选集》，百花文艺出版社，有删改)
16.文中说“它知道云端不能驰骋，竞又是这样不通人意”，你如何理解?(4分)
参考答案：“云端”只是悬崖深谷中腾起的云雾，“诗意”只是一种幻想，马脚踏实地，绝不忘乎所以飘飘然，它把自己的主任带回到了“人间”现实。
17.结合文意，分析“我”骑马后所认识到的“马性”。(5分)
参考答案：善于配合、清高斯文——稳重聪明善解人意——坚忍
18.“我”在过岭的三个阶段都有着丰富的心理感受，请结合全文进行分析。(6分)
参考答案：犹疑害怕担心(对马的隔膜)——快意飘飘然(对马的喜欢)——沉郁迷茫(对马的崇敬同情)
寒 冬
龙朝霞
从小就不喜欢冬天。
不喜欢，是因为怕冷，特别怕。《列子·汤问》里说，凉是冷之始，寒是冷之极。每年的数九寒天，对我来说都是一个坎，左脚还未踏进去，右脚就巴不得马上***。冬天于我的意义，仅止于一个象征，一个过渡，私心里我总盼着这个过渡短一点，再短一点，短到可以忽略不计，囫囵一下子从冷得出奇的阴森冬月直接跳到九九艳阳天才好。
冬天的山，水，树，都是瘦骨嶙峋的，单薄得可怜，冬天的人却臃肿肥胖。每个冬天，我都里三层外三层将自己裹起来，捆粽子似的，穿两三双袜子还觉得冷。一上午坐下来，手变成了别人的手，脚变成了别人的脚，简直不听自己使唤。
寒是一种感觉，只能体味不能触摸。我是凉性体质，凉的血，凉的肉，凉的骨，凉的眼神，鼻孔里呼的是冷气，眼睛里飘的是雪花。冬天就是由这些感觉堆积起来的，寒花，寒风，寒衣，寒衾，寒山，寒月，寒门，寒劣，寒伧，寒肃，寒噤……无处不寒，无处不哆嗦。
南方的冬天有别于北方，屋里没有暖气，空调也少用，只好干冷着。所以北方人冬季到了南方，总有上当受骗的感觉：“呀，怎么这么冷！”雪是冬天给人们最后的补贴与疗慰吧，可是由于厄尔尼诺现象，最*几年连雪也没有，只有雨，一下就好多天，又阴又湿，黏嗒嗒的，天也好，地也好，情绪也好，什么都纠缠不清，世界变成个怨妇，苦守寒窑多年，除了寸寸愁肠，便是盈盈粉泪，“除了青山隐隐，便是此恨悠悠”。
冬至那天雨脚如麻，我撑伞匆匆赶去上班，风从领子里灌进来，又冷又硬，像要从脖子上剔一些肉出去。紧了紧围巾，捂不住，总有些冷气侧着身子挤进来，凛凛的，飕飕的，无孔不入的。“一九二九，怀里揣手；三九四九，冻死老狗；五九六九，沿河看柳”。这才刚进“一九”，手揣在怀里已不管用，有些冻得受不住了。
路过米粉店，看见一人蹲在门口的火炉旁。是位老者，罗中立油画中的老者。已经很老了，世间的一切，全在脸上刻着写着，不著一字，尽得“风流”——是那种不用文字就可以让人深入阅读的东西，岁月，贫穷，焦愁，苦难，或者别的什么。老者在火炉前抖抖索索忙碌着，炉子边放着一个背兜，背兜里有一些“莲花白”，一些“上海青”，还有一杆秤。很显然，是位进城卖菜的老农，行进途中胶鞋进了水，路过米粉馆时，被好心的店主恻隐了一回。
老人坐在凳子上，把一只脚的鞋脱下来，在地上拍打拍打，控掉鞋里的水，想放到火炉的边沿上去烘烤，而他的另一只鞋，早已忧心忡忡地躺在火炉上了。他大约是没穿袜子的，鞋子一脱，就只剩两个光脚板，通红通红，扁*的红萝卜一样。为了使两只脚掌紧贴炉身，他膝盖尽可能外翻，下压，脚板跷起来，像两只壁虎紧紧趴在炉身上。我往前走了两步，再回头看时，他的手在炉火上来回不停地翻动着，像两条正被烧烤的咸鱼，因为缩着肩，整个样子变成一只古怪的青蛙----一只古怪的青蛙抱着一只可怜的火炉，抱着他生命的炉火，煨着取暖，在寒风寒雨里得到短暂的憩息。
不知怎么，这个画面与儿时的一张画面相重合了。外公严冬里牵牛去耕田，裤腿挽到大腿根部，整个脚杆浸在水田里，深一脚浅一脚趟着，一块田犁下来，瘦瘦的双腿冻得一片青紫，我赶紧提溜一个烘笼跑过去，让他暖暖身子，他抱着烘笼的样子，跟这位老人一个样――黑沉沉的冬天里，颤颤地守着一团火，蹲踞在地上，一脸的疲惫，满怀的火光。
有的人就没那么幸运了，连可供取暖的炉火也不曾有。几年前的一天早晨，也是个雾气腾腾的冬日，某超市门口聚着一群人，几个警察围着一个躺在地上的人转来转去——躺在地上的人将永远躺在地上了，他衣衫褴褛，气息全无，裸露着一截大腿。那截紫红的大腿像一种提醒与暗示，就像理想撞着了现实，看着不由使人倒抽一口凉气，把心突然冷了。有人说那是乞丐，有人说那是疯子，深夜被冻死了。
死在离食物和火源最*的地方，这本身就像一则寓言。他脚边有一堆灰烬，人们根据灰烬的残渣猜测说，烧的是一堆衣物。他无法点燃那棵树，也不敢点燃超市，只好点燃了他唯一的财产，衣服。我有理由相信，那是卖火柴的小女孩划亮的最后一根火柴，可惜这根火柴不足以点亮他的整个人生，不足以温暖他冻得麻木的大腿。它不过是一种吃力的挣扎，一种虚假的逆转，说到底也不过是一种无可奈何的召唤，一种无力回天的笨拙与凝重。
这个冬天真是太冷了，我的人，我的思想都被冻住了。有时，人生跟冬天一样，就像一个冰窟窿，一块抹布，掉下去只能身不由己地下滑与流淌，你只来得及看一眼它的苍白与残败，就被它拖下水底，泡沫也不冒一个，就被抹得干干净净。呜呼哀哉，好寒的冬！
（有改动）
18.“好寒的冬”，通读全文，说说作者通过哪些人和事突出了冬天的寒冷？（3分）
19.“从小就不喜欢冬天”，除了冷，你觉得作者不喜欢冬天的原因还有哪些？（2分）
20．本文语言极富表现力，请从语言运用的角度分析下列句子。（4分）
（1）冬天的山，水，树，都是瘦骨嶙峋的，单薄得可怜，冬天的人却臃肿肥胖。
（2）再回头看时，他的手在炉火上来回不停地翻动着，像两条正被烧烤的咸鱼，因为缩着肩，整个样子变成一只古怪的青蛙。
21．作者为什么要追忆几年前超市门口的那幕惨剧？（2分）
22．“有时，人生跟冬天一样”，作者借冬天的寒冷表达了什么样的人生感悟？你有过类似的体验吗？（3分）
答案解析：
18、作者先通过描写入冬后“我”的装束及对寒冬的切身体验来写冬的寒冷，又由在米粉店门口烤火的进城卖菜的可怜老农，想到了同样季节在水田里辛苦耕作的外公，还有前几年冻死在超市门口的流浪者来突出冬天的寒冷。
19、作者不喜欢冬天，除了因为冷，穿得笨拙，身体僵硬，更重要的是因为严寒加重了人们生存的艰难，更有人像卖火柴的小女孩那样被严寒吞噬。
20、（1）作者采用拟人的手法，用“瘦骨嶙峋”来写冬天的山、水、树，形象写出了南方冬天水瘦山寒的景象。既而作者由物及人，把山水的寒瘦和人的肥胖臃肿进行比照，通过对比生动地表现出冬天特有的有趣景象。
（2）作者采用比喻的修辞手法，把他翻动的“双手”比作“两条正被烧烤的咸鱼”，把他瑟缩的样子比作“一只古怪的青蛙”，不但形象写出了烤火老农的姿态，更表现出作者对老农的深切同情。
21、作者通过对这幕惨剧的追忆，表现了当地乃至整个社会在社会救助方面的缺失，拓展深化了本文的主题。22、人在自然和社会面前，只是一个微不足道的个体，有时甚至很卑微，作者通过普通人的辛苦、落魄者的悲惨表达了自己无奈的忧伤，以及一份悲天悯人的悲悯情怀。（个人体验言之成理即可）
阅读《根》，回答问题。
根
①也许，一切的一切，盖源于那个绿色的梦。
②也许，只有那个绿色的梦，才深深地、深深地植埋于地下。
③梦想着荒漠里腾起绿云，梦想着绿云里闪出妩媚的花朵，梦想着花朵能邀来洁白的小鸟，梦想着小鸟能衔来蓝色的河流和绿色的草地，梦想着蓝的河流奔涌着不息的生命之歌，绿的草地生长着不败的爱情之果……
④于是，深深地、深深地植埋于地下，深深地、深深地饮着这份永无尽头的黑色寂寞。
——高中英语作文校运会(5)份
Last Thursday and Friday, our school held the 40th sports meeting.It is one of the biggest activities each year in my school. All the students badly expect to it.All games in the sports meeting werevery exciting and running was the most intense.
Class 4 Grade 3 did the best in the sports.They got the highest scores.My class won the third but it was the best in the six classes of my grade.Liang Wen and Qiu Lu are my classmates. They both won first in the running competition and high jump competition.
There were other classmates got scores in other games.Although they didn't won the first, they tried their best.Friendship first, competition second.Winning was not our only purpose.The most important was that we were happy in this activity.
November 9th was our 16 school sports meeting in the West Primary school! This is our last grade school sports meeting in grade six! Each of US reported on what he was good at. Of course！ I am no exception, I also reported that I am best at the 60 meter dash and the 200 meter dash!
The opening of the school sports meeting is close to the beginning! Under the announcement of the headmaster, the 16 school sports meeting of our western primary school was finally opened! The announcer's wonderful voice spread through everyone's ears, and then the women's 60 meter heats. I ran out of excellent results in the 60 meter preliminary race and was lucky to be in the finals! Ha-ha！ The six of us (1) and three girls class are super awesome, have entered the finals!
Uh! It's the women's preliminaries in the 200 meters! It's time for me to play again! I ran with a grade five, and I wasn't nervous at first because I had an advantage over my height. But began to run after, I feel myself comfortable. I was exhausted when I ran through the third and was defeated by my only opponent. I was discouraged at once, but the boys and girls in my class cheered me up! I got up at once! By the time I got to the finish line, I had turned her back! Yeah! I won! I got fourth in the senior class, 200 meters in the women. I ran out of excellent grades. I ran 200 meters in the usual 19 meters, and I ran for more than 43 seconds. But in this competition, I only used 40 seconds. I was amazed by the result. The school sports meeting made me realize how to meet the rainbow without the wind and rain.
But in the 60 metres final when I was discouraged, because I steal a step at the starting time, I canceled my grades, I suddenly burst into tears, I hate myself, why would react when, why should I steal a step! I really good ruthless myself, this 60 meters thing, I use my physical strength to spell it back, why I will put this good place to throw away?! I cried for an hour, but still did not stop the tears! Seeing all the classmates to comfort me, both male and female students brought me a trace of comfort. My heart felt so warm at once.
The school games made me understand: we need encouragement, comfort and applause in our growth!
This is a poignant, touching, comforting and unforgettable school sports meeting!
During the school sports meeting. The mood of the students and the teachers also got excited.
On the night before the school games, the students began to do all kinds of small flags to cheer the class. Today, the teacher in charge of the mood is particularly good, smiling face, we do flag material is also provided by him. I, as a first time to participate in the long-distance race athletes, even a little silly, in the school sports meeting has not held three days before the beginning of tension. Hey, I was a strong child, very high demand for their corresponding pressure will increase. At ten twenty on Friday morning, I was ready for the match. It was a bit cold and the sun's brother was still sleeping. And then, to be honest, my nervous system has become a little tired, standing waiting for the game for a long time, the motor nerve also gradually find tired. Under the influence of many factors, starting immediately after acceleration, making some functions of the body to play down, cause arrhythmia. The game went on at 1/4, with dizziness, stomach pain, headache, and weakness in the limbs, and the symptoms intertwined with each other. In such circumstances, is a good friend of Cai Ling gave me the courage to persevere, I thank her very much; but at the same time, but not a trace of guilt, she encouraged me, in the process of running with one foot accidentally stepped on a puddle, originally dry wet shoes, originally clean the socks are yellow water stains, originally warm feet are cold water infected.
In two days of competition, joy and sorrow, there are many award-winning athletes, many lost the battle, only injured in the movement of the people in the minority, Liu Wenjie, Chen Jinman, Xue Yuxin, Luo Shaoao, et al. Our class is. I think there are two common causes of injury: one is careless, and the other is hitting, pushing, or obstructing a fall by another player. For athletes, the injury is really unfortunate, and this also makes every corner of the stadium left students or excited, or lonely figure.
The school sports meeting has ended with the best wishes of the leaders. I am happy and proud of the students who have been ranked in our class; feel sorry for the injured athletes; encourage the students who have not received the prize. Let thousands of them not discouraged, after all, the first is not always the first, there will be. We can not always stay in this position now, time will not stop gear rotation, however, only if we constantly strive toward their goals and constantly improve themselves, we may progress, is likely to beat his rival, get the ranking obtained deserved glory!
Today is the annual school sports meet, and my little friends and I are looking forward to what interesting sports will be held at the school sports meet. The sports meeting started! Everyone hurried down the playground, and the headmaster said something about safety. After that, we went to the event. I was in the tug of war class five. All the players in the tug of war came to the game in high spirits. The cheering squad of our class shouted, "class two come on, class two will win.".
"Finally, our compe***s are in class one, grade five.". We are pulling with all our strength. But, their strength is too big, come, we have pulled back, we also lost, this competition, I, we believe that next time will certainly succeed. Next we will play the game, have won prizes, there are a lot of prizes such as: pencil, pen, eraser, pen, book... "... and then I went to move the table tennis, take this racket is placed above the table tennis ball, table tennis in the walking process can not fall down the lost. I was in line for a long time and finally came to me. I was holding my racket and then I was passing the ball with a quick pace.
Finally, my ball didn't drop. I got a pencil. A pencil is cheap but I got it myself, so I was happy when I got it. After that, I also participated in the transport of basketball, badminton, and got the book and brush. It is getting late, the school sports meeting is coming to a close. I am very happy today. I am eager for the school sports meet every day, so that each of us will be happy!
The race began, the students participating in the game are returned to their own in the competition, some in encouraging, some other students for students in the pep talk, some cheered in the game very busy.
The exciting games
"To hold a sports meeting tomorrow, please be prepared for." Chinese teacher said to leave the classroom immediately lively up, some said they run faster, some say that they can jump very far, the topic, then king "funny" XinLiang said: "I will take part in the race, because I run very fast, 'a' whoosh 'run a circle, the leaves on the trees must all fall out." This sentence with the whole class laughed.
In order to participate in the games students came to school early, the classmates some ravishing, some spirit, some nervous... The teacher came into the classroom announced the list of students participating in the game, and lead, we went to the playground, she let the students practise, and prepared to match, the students some practicing the high jump, some run, some softball practice, and practice site of long jump...... On the playground at this time was excited and nervous.
The race began, the students participating in the game are returned to their own in the competition, some in encouraging, some other students for students in the pep talk, some cheered in the game very busy.
Look, here is a race, the students ran like to run each rabbit, there is a softball game, the students a than a throw far, is the game jump one by one in the distance seem to jump the body as light as yan, very fierce... Alas, I have also not easy, the cheerleaders when cried voice hoarse.
Finally wait for the relay race this afternoon, we line up to enter the field of the whole class, the teacher handed the baton to the first class, listen to a starting gun, the classmates like arrows shot out of the starting line, students can transfer to a you come to me to the baton, it was my turn, my heart beat faster like the deer, I reached to hold sticks, quickly run up, little by little I run over in front of the classmate, fast and good, I reached long long of, will stick fast to the other side of the students, "finally success! I didn't give us a class." I was so happy!
Games ended, back to the classroom, the teacher with smiles on their faces told us: "the relay race of our class won the first prize!" "Great!" The students cheered.
——高中英语听课心得范本5份
此次学校组织高中英语教师听课学*活动，我作为高一的英语老师，在这一行人之中，在参加了这次活动，我受益很多，从其他老师那学到很多不同的英语的教学方法，所以就谈一下我的听课学*体会。
我一共去了两堂英语课的听课学*，第一堂是我高一年级很受欢迎的英语老师的课，在这节课中，从这位老师那体会到，教英语不能只限于书中的内容，还要给学生们扩展学*内容。这个老师给我演示了在课堂中与学生的互动是有必要的。我记得我教英语的时候，就是简单的问个问题，让学生们回答就行里面，就只追求答案，不求题目的解答过程。这一对比，才发现我教学时有这么多的缺点。再有李老师跟我们说，与学生必须要进行互动，而且还是强烈的互动，不然学生们只是知道答案，但是不知道问题的最终要点在哪，这是不行的。从她的一个上课中，我知道了在与学生进行问答环节时，我必须要让学生自己去寻找问题中蕴含的知识点，并且还要让他们自己进行解题，这样才是最好的学*方式，会让他们在解题过程中就把知识点学会，是很大的获利的.。我从这个老师这里学到了这一个经验，以后我也会加强这方面的教学。
第二堂英语课是高三老师上的，我进去听了一场，我才发现我上课有很多局限，我总是在课上把自己当主体，总是用自己的思维去教英语，没有想到让学生成为主体，他们才能够在上课的时候发挥自己的最大学*能力，这是我没有想到的，果然还是经验太少了的缘故。在这高三课堂上，这个高三的英语老师是有着十几年的英语一个教学经验的。她在课上给我们展示了什么叫学生自主学生英语的情形。高三因为有了高一和高二英语的基础，所以在上高三英语课时，老师是完全信任他们自己的，已经开始把课堂教给他们自己了，在加上也是很重要的一个阶段了，所以老师在这上面就是起到指导作用，大部分还是需要他们自己去领悟了。因此课堂都是学生自己教学，互相作为老师学*。我觉得这是一个很好的方法，不仅可以让学生提高学*兴趣，也让他们在一教多学中学*对方的知识，形成了互补的作用。
事后活动结束，我把这两种教学都好好的思考了一遍，我觉得可以加以改变，当做自己英语课的教学模式，可以尝试一下。真的还挺感谢这次活动的，我从中学会到很多，更加努力想要让自己的英语课变得生动了。
本周我参加了县教研室举办的听课活动，认真聆听了各位老师执教的英语课，再加上专家的精彩的点评，使我受益匪浅，感受颇多，让我*距离地领略到每位老师的教学风格，深厚的教学功底及精湛的教学艺术听课就像照镜子，从这几节风格迥异、精彩纷呈的英语课堂上，我不但发现了自己*时上课中存在的问题，也从中受到很大启发：
1、多媒体的使用
现代化英语教学中，黑板已经不是传统意义上的黑板了。挂图、投影仪、多媒体等的加入，使得黑板的内容更加丰富。此次活动，老师们都运用了多媒体这现代的教学工具，以鲜艳的色彩、活动的图像和有声的对话，让教学内容更形象化，给人一种赏心悦目的感觉，创造了一个轻松愉快的学*氛围。
2、教师基本功扎实，充分调动学生的积极性
这3位教师口语流利，发音准确，全堂使用英语教学，整堂课轻松、活泼。教师都是借班上课，但师生配合程度丝毫没有受到影响。教师教态亲切，身体语言丰富，充分调动了学生的积极性。*时我们在这一方面做得不够好。因此，听课时我特别注意了各地老师不同的调动学生的方式。学生积极性调动起来以后，怎样保持下去也很重要。老师在每个教学环节中对孩子的要求一定要清楚明确，难易适中。只有孩子清楚的知道自己应该干什么时，才有可能干好这件事;而问题太难孩子会无从下手，太易又不用思考，这都会打击孩子的积极性。
3、教师自身素质高，重视学生的情感教育
教师自身的良好素质是讲好课的重要前提和基本保证在听课中我发现每位老师的基本功都很扎实尤其是元老师，她的教态亲切自然，端庄大方，充分利用肢体语言，使人如沐春风，吸引学生同时，重视学生的'情感教育，挖掘了德育因素根据教学内容，挖掘教学因素，对学生进行德育教育
4、情境的设置
英语的学*要求在语境中学*句子，在句子中学*单词。这就是说我们在教给学生一句话、一个词时还要给学生创设一定的情境，让学生学会在一定的情境中学会用句子、词语。所创设的情境如何即利于课文的导入，也利于重点单词、句子的引出是一节课成败的重要方面。这也让学生很自然地进入课堂。我想以后多注意这一点，让学生编对话时，给他们设立一个情境，让他们更好的发挥，也让他们明白如何把所学的知识运用到实际生活当中去。
5、注重基础，适当拓展延伸
这次听的课没有想象中那么花哨，更多的是注重课文，注重基础知识。在精讲精练课文基础知识的前提下，进行相应的拓展延伸。由于前面将基础知识都夯实了，后面的拓展学生进行起来也就得心应手。正是这种“磨刀不误砍柴工”的远见，提高了整节课的课堂效率。
暑期，我校全体高中英语教师去听了由优秀教师展示的公开课，使我们对新课程改革下的英语教材和英语课堂有了进一步的认识和了解，对我们今后的教育、教学工作有很大的帮助和启发。
首先是新课程的观念与创新，随着信息时代和知识经济的到来，国际交往频繁，国际理解变得更加的重要，而各国综合国力的竞争即人才的竞争。21世纪以来，各国着眼于教育的改革与创新，时代发展了对人才的培养也提出了新的要求，教育已成为国家的重大支柱，学会求知，学会做事，学会生存已成为时代的要求。而现阶段中国的基础教育还不够完善存在一些问题，如以知识为本的教育理念;学生缺乏学*兴趣和终身学*的能力;学*内容陈旧，缺乏与社会、科技和学生生活的联系;教学方法单一，死记硬背;评价方式单一，以升学为目的`;重知识，轻能力的现象还普遍存在;各阶段不衔接，造成资源浪费;要求偏低，词汇量偏少;评价的手段单一;教学水*偏低。
针对这些问题教育部提出了基础教育阶段英语课程的基本理念即：教育要面向全体学生，注重素质教育;整体设计目标，体现灵活开放;突出学生主体，尊重个体差异;倡导积极学*，采用活动途径;改进评价体系，促进学生发展;开发课程资源，拓展学用渠道等。以提高学生的综合语言运用能力，促进外语教学的发展。
第二，课程理念的变化，教学方式由原来的讲解、传授为主转换成启发、发现、探究的过程;办学方式由封闭式转换成开放型;教学模式由原来的以教师、课本、课堂为中心转换成以学生、活动、任务为中心;学生的角色由被动地听、死记硬背到主动参与、自主学*、主动学*;教师的角色由知识的传授者转变到课堂的组织者、参与者，学*的倡导者、促进者。
第三，新课改也对教师的教学方法提出了一些教学建议，在教学过程中，教师要面向全体学生，鼓励学生大胆使用英语，对他们的mistakes采用宽容的态度;提高学生自主学*与相互学*的能力;关注学生的情感，营造宽松、民主、和谐的教学氛围;倡导“任务型”的教学途径，培养学生的综合语言运用能力，以学生的兴趣为出发点，尽量真实，这样既有助于学生英语知识的学*也有助于学科间的相互促进;尊重学生个性，以学生为主体，拓展学生的文化视野，发展他们的跨文化意识;利用现代教育技术，拓展英语学*与运用;组织生动活泼的课外活动，促进英语学*;不断更新知识结构，适应现代社会的发展;遵循课时安排的高频原则，保证教学质量和效果。两位老师两节精彩的展示课，给人以耳目一新的感觉,两堂课都从课堂预设到动态形成.，一环扣一环,通过师生互动,生生互动，学生活动高潮迭起,教师引导巧而得法,使我们获益匪浅。
这两节课都从整体情景教学入手，充分体现了新课改下的课堂风貌：真正把课堂学*的主动权交给学生，使学生活起来，动起来，主动参与到活动中，口脑并用，在熟悉的生活现象中使学生直接获取知识，促使学生能力的发展，创造力的激发，使孩子们在现实的生活中能够运用到所学的知识，利用已有的知识和经验去解决面临的新的语言问题。
两位老师都很注重优化课堂教学过程。
1、多信息。她们采用、图片、录音机、多媒体和英语等手段创设新的语言情景，多渠道地给学生提供英语信息源和大量的信息，拓宽视野，从而激励学生学*英语的强烈兴趣，积极主动参与各项学*活动.
2、快节奏。两位老师大都用正常的英语语速进行教学，教学环节严密，各环节和各种操练和交际活动间的交替自然紧凑、快捷，从播放音乐或师生互动导入直至课的发展、高潮、结束富有节奏感。明快的节奏是提高课堂教学效率的关键。
3、高密度。两位老师加强了小组活动形式,增加了学生实践的面和量，一堂课内几乎每个学生都能参与英语操练和交际活动。这也成了一道亮丽的风景线.
4、勤反复。两位老师能重视在新的情景中采用多样化的教学方法，重现和运用所学语言知识，并使知识不断获得巩固，听说读写交际的能力不断获得发展。
总之，通过本次学*，我们更加明确了今后教育、教学的方向、方法，也更加深刻地体会到“今天老师的学*状态就是明天学生的生存环境。”作为一名教师，我们任重道远，应不断学*、提高以完善自我，在今后的教学工作中更上一层楼。
本周我参加了县教研室举办的听课活动，认真聆听了各位老师执教的英语课，再加上专家的精彩的点评，使我受益匪浅，感受颇多，让我*距离地领略到每位老师的教学风格，深厚的教学功底及精湛的教学艺术听课就像照镜子，从这几节风格迥异、精彩纷呈的英语课堂上，我不但发现了自己*时上课中存在的问题，也从中受到很大启发：
1、多媒体的使用
现代化英语教学中，黑板已经不是传统意义上的黑板了。挂图、投影仪、多媒体等的加入，使得黑板的内容更加丰富。此次活动，老师们都运用了多媒体这现代的教学工具，以鲜艳的色彩、活动的图像和有声的对话，让教学内容更形象化，给人一种赏心悦目的感觉，创造了一个轻松愉快的学*氛围。
2、教师基本功扎实，充分调动学生的积极性
这3位教师口语流利，发音准确，全堂使用英语教学，整堂课轻松、活泼。教师都是借班上课，但师生配合程度丝毫没有受到影响。教师教态亲切，身体语言丰富，充分调动了学生的积极性。*时我们在这一方面做得不够好。因此，听课时我特别注意了各地老师不同的.调动学生的方式。学生积极性调动起来以后，怎样保持下去也很重要。老师在每个教学环节中对孩子的要求一定要清楚明确，难易适中。只有孩子清楚的知道自己应该干什么时，才有可能干好这件事;而问题太难孩子会无从下手，太易又不用思考，这都会打击孩子的积极性。
3、教师自身素质高，重视学生的情感教育
教师自身的良好素质是讲好课的重要前提和基本保证在听课中我发现每位老师的基本功都很扎实尤其是元老师，她的教态亲切自然，端庄大方，充分利用肢体语言，使人如沐春风，吸引学生同时，重视学生的情感教育，挖掘了德育因素根据教学内容，挖掘教学因素，对学生进行德育教育
4、情境的设置
英语的学*要求在语境中学*句子，在句子中学*单词。这就是说我们在教给学生一句话、一个词时还要给学生创设一定的情境，让学生学会在一定的情境中学会用句子、词语。所创设的情境如何即利于课文的导入，也利于重点单词、句子的引出是一节课成败的重要方面。这也让学生很自然地进入课堂。我想以后多注意这一点，让学生编对话时，给他们设立一个情境，让他们更好的发挥，也让他们明白如何把所学的知识运用到实际生活当中去。
5、注重基础，适当拓展延伸
这次听的课没有想象中那么花哨，更多的是注重课文，注重基础知识。在精讲精练课文基础知识的前提下，进行相应的拓展延伸。由于前面将基础知识都夯实了，后面的拓展学生进行起来也就得心应手。正是这种“磨刀不误砍柴工”的远见，提高了整节课的课堂效率。
20xx年11月，在优学校领导的组织下，我有幸参加了xx高中英语的听课活动，首先感谢学校给我这这样一次难得的学*的机会，通过半天听课学*，我受益匪浅，收获颇丰。而且还让我找到了自己和优秀老师的现实差距，领略到了各位出类拔萃的英语教师的风采，精湛的教学艺术，以及深厚的教学功底。虽然这些老师的风格各异，水*不一，但是其实每一节课都有很多值得我去学*借鉴的优点，找到差距和自身的缺点。下面我就来谈一下我对这次听课的认识：
第一、教师的良好业务素质是上好课的前提和保证。
在这次听课中，我发现优秀的教师都有以下几个特点：
1、英语口语流利，发音标准准确，只有这样，才能保证学生对英语教学的理解和把握，才能让学生学到正确的知识；
2、善于利用各种形势的多媒体，使学生接触到的英语知识更立体，更形象、更直观，更生动，更生动；
3、教态自然大方，表情丰富生动，在课堂上能轻松营造愉快、活泼的教学气氛，富有艺术性；
4、有扎实的英语基础知识和教学功底作为坚实后盾，使得课堂更加充实丰富。
第二、多媒体教学充分发挥了英语课堂教学中的重要作用。
本次参加讲课的教师所制作的课件都是用幻灯片制作的，都非常富有创意，既形象又生动。通过各种直观形象得图片来帮助学生加深对单词句型以及课文的理解，充分激发学生的学*兴趣，更有利于学生对所学知识记忆更深刻。
除此之外，在这次听课的活动中带给我最大的帮助是让我全面的了解了长篇阅读能力的培养方式，高中英语每课内容都有一个主题，然后围绕主题展开课文内容的.学*，对高中英语长篇课文的学*方式一直是我最头疼的地方，从这次的听课的活动中我总结了以下几点：
在高中英语教学实践过程中．我体会到阅读能力的培养关键在于“教师的引导”和“学生的阅读及训练”，从而摸索出英语阅读课三步骤：导入、阅读和训练。
1、恰如其分的导入
“导入”是整个教学过程的一个十分重要的环节，它是课文教学的有机组成部分，也是激发学生求知欲的关键。针对中学英语教材课文类型较多的特点，可采用灵活多样的导人方法，设计恰当精炼的导入语进行课文导入。比如利用图片、幻灯片、投影片、简笔画、实物、多媒体、音乐等，可视具体情况灵活运用。高中英语每篇课文都有丰富的图片，有了这些图片，创设情境使学生直观的导入教学过程中来。
2、循序渐进的阅读
(一)泛读全文，了解文章大意。
泛读就是泛泛而读。它不追求对文章细节的理解，而是让学生快速浏览全文，并通过标题和主题句，对文章的内容、结构和作者的写作意图形成整体印象。
(二)精读各段，了解具体情节。在泛读之后。学生已知晓文章大意，应指导他们运用已学的知识和已有的生活经验对文中信息进行逻辑推理和分析判断。了解每段之间的关系作用及意义。
(三)再次阅读，把握全文整体框架结构和文章宗旨、内涵。这一步是引导学生复读(Rereading)课文，让学生再从中心思想出发，高屋建瓴，整体把握篇章结构、文章内涵和作者观点，让学生重新系统地、深层次地理解课文。
3、坚持不断的训练
学*任何语言都需要大量阅读。学*英语也需要大量阅读。英语学得好的人，一般说来，都读过相当数量的书；反之，也只有读得比较多的人，才能真正学好英语。阅读英语应当轻松愉快，要做到这一点，阅读材料的选择是首要的。也就是说，要选择生动、有趣、富有吸引力而又能启发心智的材料（或书籍）。阅读的主要目的在于语言吸收上的“潜移默化”，在于获得语感。阅读需要“量”，没有大量的语言“输入”，是难以学好英语的。
——《浣溪沙 苏轼》阅读答案及解析实用五份
浣溪沙
姜 夔
丙辰岁不尽五日，吴松作①
雁怯重云不肯啼，画船愁过石塘西。打头风浪恶禁持②。
春浦渐生迎棹绿，小梅应长亚③门枝。一年灯火要人归。
【注】①丙辰岁不尽五日，意为丙辰年还有五日就结束了。吴松，今上海一带，距词人家杭州已*。②恶：猛烈，很;禁持：摆布。③亚：接*。
1.词的首句雁怯重云不肯啼，在上阕中起什么作用?请简要分析(5分)
答：
2.清代评家陈廷焯说：凡交情之冷淡，身世之飘零，皆可于一草一木发之。而发之又必若隐若现，欲露不露，反复缠绵，终不许一语道破。(《白雨斋词话》)请结合这首词的下阕分析虚实结合的妙处。(6分)
答：
参考答案：
1.(5分)首句起兴，营造了压抑的气氛，写出了归雁无声穿过重云时的紧张情状，(2分)引出了对自己回家路途艰难的描写，(1分)作者以归雁自比，委婉地写出*乡情更怯的心理。(2分)
2.(6分)下阕先实写春水展绿欢迎词人归来的盎然春意，从而写出接*家乡的喜悦;(2分)接着用虚笔写想象中自家门前的小梅已然新枝生长，高与门齐，似有盼归的殷切，写自己归乡的心切;(2分)收尾句想象一年一度的除夕守岁之灯火催人还家团聚，更是表达了自己渴盼回家的心情。(2分)
浣溪沙武林送李似表
张元幹
燕掠风樯款款飞。艳桃秾李闹长堤。骑鲸人去晓莺啼。
可意湖山留我住，断肠烟水送君归。三春不是别离时。
11.下列对这首诗的赏析，不正确的一项是（ ）（3分）
A. 上片用燕子翻飞、桃李争美、晓莺轻啼等美好之景烘托离别之情，是以乐景衬哀情。
B. “艳桃秾李闹长堤”中“艳”“秾”“长”均是形容词，凸显意象特征，形象生动。
C. “闹”字运用比拟手法，将其比喻成喧闹的孩童，让桃李的艳丽如在眼前，生动活泼地表现出春景的美好。
D. “骑鲸”一词本指隐遁或者成仙，词人在此用“骑鲸人”代指词作中远去的朋友。
12.请简要赏析这首词的下片内容。（6分）
阅读答案：
11. C“将其比喻成喧闹的孩童”不对。
12. 下片运用拟人（或移情）手法，（1分）写湖山在挽留“我”，而茫茫烟水在哀愁地送别“你”，只是春天并不是伤感的别离季节。（3分）虽然抒发的是离别之情，但并不见太多的悲伤，表达出词人对朋友离别的不舍和淡淡的惆怅。（2分）
浣溪沙①
苏轼
麻叶层层苘叶光，谁家煮茧一村香？隔篱娇语络丝娘。
垂白杖藜抬醉眼，捋青捣麨②软饥肠，问言豆叶几时黄？
[注]①此词为苏轼在徐州谢雨道中作。谢雨，旱后喜雨而去谢神。②捋青捣麨：从未全熟的麦穗上捋下麦粒制成干粮。
12. 下列对这首宋词的赏析，不恰当的两项是（ )
A. “层层”和“光”写出久旱之后喜降甘霖，农作物长势茂盛的景象。
B. 写未进村落就先闻到煮茧香气，旨在说明蚕茧气味独特，香远益清。
C. “络丝娘”本为虫名，鸣声如机杼，颇为动听，此处借以指缫丝女。
D. “抬醉眼”写村中老人为庆贺丰收而醉酒，表现了农人的质朴乐观。
E. 尾句写作者询问叶黄豆熟还要多久，流露他对农人生活的关切之情。
13. 这首词富有农村生活气息，作者是如何表现的？请简要分析。
【答案】12. BD 13. ①选择典型的景、物、人、事来表现。如麻叶、豆叶、络丝娘、煮茧等都颇具农村风情。②采用视觉、嗅觉、听觉等相结合的描写手法，多角度立体呈现农村田园风光。③运用细节描写的手法，写了“隔篱娇语”“捋青捣麨”等生活细节，富有农村情味。
【解析】
【12题详解】
本题属于综合考查题，考查学生对诗句的理解能力，同时考查对诗句内容、技巧以及情感的把握能力，采用了客观选择题的形式，各选项内容涉及了对诗歌的手法、形象、主题的鉴赏。解答此类题目，首先要审题，即明确题干的要求，如本题的题干要求选出“下列对这首宋词的赏析，不恰当的两项”，然后要注意了解诗歌的创作背景，逐句翻译诗句，接着把握诗歌的意象，分析诗歌营造了什么样的意境，领悟作者表达了怎么样的思想情感，思考诗歌中运用了哪些表现手法，再对照选项一一确认，得出答案。本题中，B项，“旨在说明蚕茧气味独特，香远益清”错误，从诗中来看，作者写煮茧香，旨在说明喜雨之后，蚕茧获得丰收，作者为之欣喜。D项，“为庆贺丰收而醉酒”错误，从诗中来看，“醉眼”指老农老眼昏花，并非喝醉；老农“捋青捣麨软饥肠”，可知当时还青黄不接，远未“丰收”。故选BD两项。
【13题详解】
本题考查学生理解诗歌内容，鉴赏文学作品的表达技巧的能力。解答此类题目，首先要明确题干的要求，如本题“这首词富有农村生活气息，作者是如何表现的？请简要分析”，然后圈出有农村生活气息的内容，再结合具体内容分析词人是如何来表现这农村生活气息的。从选取素材的角度来看，词中选取的景、物、人以及事都有农村特色，如首句写地头的作物，从具体经济作物又见出时值初夏，正是春蚕已老，茧子丰收的时节，于是村中有煮茧事，未到农舍，村头先嗅茧香，走进村来，隔着篱墙，就可以听到缲丝女郎娇媚悦耳的谈笑声了。从感觉角度来看，“麻叶层层苘叶光”是视觉所见，“谁家煮茧一村香”是嗅觉所闻，“隔篱娇语络丝娘”是耳中所听，可见词中把视觉、嗅觉、听觉等多种感官融合到一起来体现农村的生活气息。从描写方法的角度来看，上阕写“络丝娘”“隔篱娇语”，下阕写“拄杖老农”“捋青捣麨”，这些都是细节描写。考生围绕这些方面分析作答即可。
【点睛】诗歌鉴赏的选择题考查范围很广，既有形象的鉴赏，如人物、景物、事物，也有语言的赏析，如炼字、炼句、诗眼、语言风格，还有表达技巧的鉴赏，如表达方式、表现手法、修辞手法，也有诗歌内容的理解，如背景、题材、作者等。常见的设题误区主要有一下几个：意象意境分析不当，基础知识运用错误，词句解说曲解原意，主题情感分析不当，手法分析张冠李戴等等。解答此类题目，读懂诗歌是关键，要关注标题、作者、注释以及关键词等；审清题目要求，细读选项划出要点，即切分关键信息，最后正选排除巧妙用。
浣溪沙
周邦彦
楼上晴天碧四垂，楼前芳草接天涯。劝君莫上最高梯。 新笋已成堂下竹，落花都上燕巢泥。忍听林表杜鹃啼。
17.（1）词中能反映时序变化的两句是 （2分）
（2）赏析“楼上晴天碧四垂”一句中“垂”字的妙处。（3分）
（3）请结合“芳草”和“杜鹃”两个意象赏析本词所表达的感情。（5分）
参考答案：
17.（1）新笋已成堂下竹，落花都上燕巢泥。（2分）
（2）“垂”，准确地描绘出词人从楼上看四周，只见晴朗高旷的碧天，与四周的旷野浑然一体，难以区分的情景。（2分）着一“垂”字，一个广阔的立体空间尽收眼底（构**们自上而下的立体空间感），境界开阔。（1分）
（3）以无边无际的“芳草”，写家乡的遥远；（2分）以“杜鹃”的悲啼，写思乡的悲切（2分）。全词抒发了作者客居异乡、欲归不能的羁旅思乡之情，词中渗透着漂泊的疲倦感。（1分）
浣溪沙
晏殊
一曲新词酒一杯，去年天气旧亭台。夕阳西下几时回?
无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来，小园香径独徘徊。
7.下列对本词的理解不正确的一项是( )
