对话式听力有两种。第一种类型中每组对话一般是在一对男女之间进行的一问一答，问题一般由先讲话的人提出，题目均以问题形式出现，其中多数是特殊疑问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下：
(1)：问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”
(2)：问“做什么”
(3)：问“什么含义”
(4)：问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”
(5)：问“对某人某事有什么看法”
(6)：问“讲话的两人是什么关系”
第二种类型中有两个较长的对话，每个对话后设有2—4个问题，提出的问题主要问“对话可能是在哪里发生的”等。如：Where does this conversation?这部分听力相对比较简单，考生从所给出的选项就可以推测出很多题在问什么，知道在对话中重点应该听什么，什么是关键词，从而选出正确的选项。
一.四级考试大纲对听力的要求
在国家英语四级考试中，听力部分占总分的20%，即20分。《大纲》对于四级的要求是：对于题材熟悉，句子结构比较简单，基本上没有生词，语速每分钟约120词的听力材料，一遍可以听懂，理解的准确率不低于70%。听力是考试的重点，也是中国学生的弱点。因此掌握四级听力技巧对于通过考试至关重要。
二.四级听力题型
1.Section A(对话题)：对话题基本是衣、食、住、行等日常生活中常见的话题和学校生活的话题。
2.Section B(短文理解题)：Scetion B一般由三篇短文组成，每篇字数在150-170左右，只读一遍，然后提出三到四个问题要求考生进行选择，主要测试的是考生的语篇记忆力和整体的听力理解能力。
听力技巧-把握主题
听力和阅读需要许多技巧。发现某段落的主题就是其中之一。
什么是段落主题?怎样才能找到它?
段落主题也可理解为这个段落的中心意思，或者是体现这个段落的主旨和方向的核心意思。换句话说就是，你找主题的过程也就是确定这个段落的主要目的的过程：它是要告诉你一件事?还是解释说明，亦或是详细叙述?它是要与其它某事或某物作比较，还是要反驳某件事，亦或是就某点说服你?凡此种种目的，不一而足。明白了这一点，你就能够比较容易地找到段落的中心意思了。
体现段落中心意思的句子叫主题句，常放在段首，而且往往是段落的第一句。其后所跟的其它句子，提供支持这个主题句的全部细节。
当要讨论的是一个比较费解的意思，或者说当一个段落的目的是要说服你时，主题句有时放在段末。
如果某个段落有着暗含的中心意思，通常没有明确的主题句来体现。这个暗含的中心意思要从这个段落的整体来把握。
听力技巧-学会放过
许多英语学*者认为听力理解的最大难点是，听者无法控制说话者的语速。往往还没来得及把一个意思弄明白，而说话者就已经转到另一个意思上去了，不像阅读书面文章那样，可以返回头重看前面的内容。这种现象表明这些听力练*者跟不上说话人的语速。有两种听不懂的情况，一种是，太专注于思索刚听到的一句话，而无法听到下面的话;另一种情况是，因为不能足够迅速地把所有听到的整理一清而遗漏了整段话。
另一个难点是听者不能老让说话人重复其前面所说过的话。此外，当你听收音机或看电视时，当然也不能让其重复。
尽管在某些情况下可以打断说话者要求其讲得更清楚，但词汇选择权在说话者而非听者。有时，听者可以从上下文发现某个词的意思。但对于听外语的人来说，一个生词经常就象突然不期而至的障碍一样，使其停下来思考这个词的意思，而把后面的讲话全部漏掉。在听的过程中，这确实是一?quot;稍纵即逝"的现象。
事实上，在听的时候，学会放过某些暂时不明白的词或句子不去追究而接着听下面的话往往会得到ss意想不到的惊喜效果。而且，说话者对这些东西往往不只说一次，或者会在接下来的话中换一种方式说，或者另一个说话人会对前面所说过的作反应。这样，没有对某个一知半解的意思苦苦思索的听者就会有第二次，甚至第三次机会把前面略过的意思补全了。
学生们要学会跟上说话者的思想速度(甚至比说话者还要快)，即使这意味着将某些没有听清或听懂的放过去。H.H.斯特恩教授说，一个善于学*语言的人是那种"能够忍受认知上一时糊涂和缺欠的人"。这一点的确是真的。要成为一个好的听者，记住这点很重要。
一、对话式听力有两种类型
第一种类型中每组对话一般是在一男女之间进行的一问一答， 问题一般由先讲话的人提出，题目均以问题形式出现，其中多数的特殊疑问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下：
(1)：问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”
(2)：问“做什么”
(3)：问“什么含义”
(4)：问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”
(5)：问“对某人某事有什么看法”
(6)：问“讲话的两人是什么关系”
第二种类型中有两个较长的对话，每个对话后设有2―4个问题，提出的问题主要问“对话可能是在? ?场所发生的” 等。如：Where does this conversation?这部分听力相对比较简单，大家从所给出的选项就可以推测出很多题在问什么，知道在对话中重点应该听什么，什么是关键词，从而选出正确的选项。
二、短文式听力提问方式最常见的'4种类型答题技巧
1、中心思想题：
这类问题主要是测试文章的主要思想。提问方式一般为：What is the passage mainly about?What can we learn from this passage? What is the main idea of the passage?等等。集中精力听好短文开头，因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山，把中心思想置于文章的开头。
2、事实细节题
考察细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物、事件、各类数字等，问题一般为：wh―questiuon形式。这种题型要求大家听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感，及时做好笔记;文中一旦出现以因果连词(如：because，so，due to等)和转折连词(如but，however，though等)引导的句子，也要格外留心，这些地方往往就是考点。
3、对错判断题
攻口：Which of the following is true/not true，according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned?等等。这种题型一定要听清提问， 对于有没有not一词要弄清楚，一般情况下，not一词会重读。
4、推理推测题
这类题型需对文中信息进行分析推断，才能作出正确的选择。提问方式有：What can we infer from the passage? What does the speaker most concerned about? What does the speaker think about the problem?等等。
三、听写填空式听力的应试技巧
1、理解好题意，做到心中有数
在听写考试中，不少同学由于过度紧张而忽视了题意，导致本应该得到的分从手中错过。今年Dictation考试中 从one to seven应填single word;从eight to ten则要求use your words to finish the sentence，有的同学在做第8~10个填空时，由于没弄懂题意， 只想着全部听写下来，结果感到速度太快，记不下来，听写部分意思虽然理解了，也没用自己的话来表达， 白白地丢掉了好几分。
2、抢看短文，预测听写内容
听写的短文一般在100-200词左右，共重复三遍，大家可利用听正文前的空隙，略看一下短文，做到“有的放矢”。去年6月份大学英语四级考试中的听写文章， 大家只要扫一眼便会知道是一篇关于学生压力与父母关系的问题，这样就不会措手不及，心慌意乱，影响正常水*的发挥了。
3、使用速记方法，从文中找出答案
同学们在听写时，往往记下了听写的第一个词，而后面的则匆匆而过，来不及填写，针对这一问题，小叶认为考试中应采用速记方法，迅速记下每个听到的单词，听到的内容，不让每个单词漏网。此外，大家还出现另一种现象，就是听懂了词意，不会写单词。这种情况。大家可从上下文找找，看是否有帮助指示的地方。
听写的短文一般在100、200词左右，会重复三遍，考生可利用听正文前的空隙，大略的看一下短文，。学生们在听写时，往往记下了听写的第一个词，后面的来不及填写，针对这一问题，考试中应采用速记方法，迅速记下每个听到的单词，听到的内容，不让每个单词漏网。有些听不懂的意思，考生可从上下文找找，看是否有帮助指示的地方。
条件句有两种，一是真实条件句，二是虚拟条件句。真实条件句表达的意思是直接而明显的，一般指有可能实现;虚拟条件句是间接而含蓄的。对后者应有足够的谨慎。下面两个例子可作为说明：
原文：
M: If I go to the store,will you make dinner for us tonight?
W: Bring back enough food.
Q: What will the woman do if the man shops?
选项：
A) The woman will cook.
B) He won't buy enough.
C) He'll get in a bad mood.
D) He will make dinner.
答案：A)。又如：
原文：
W: Did you see film last night?
M: I wouldn't have gone to see it if I'd known it was boring.
Q: Where was the man last night?
选项：
A) In a bar.
B) In a cinema.
C) At a lecture.
D) Unreasonable.
答案：B)。
条件句中以if引导居多，注意这种句式的表达特点。它们经常用省略的形式，如if possible，if any，if not，if so，if necessary，if needed等，听省略形式的.条件句，主要应该抓住主句的基本内容，因为条件句不易听错，只要抓住了主句的基本内容，就能正确做题。
此外，表示条件的连词，除了if外，还有as long as，so long as，suppose，supposing，let's say等。
——大学英语四级听力技巧 (菁华3篇)
听力材料的选材原则一般基于以下三点：
一、对话部分为校园生活中的一般对话，句子结构和内容不太复杂。
二、短文部分的材料是题材熟、情节不太复杂的故事、讲话或叙述等。
三、所用词汇一般不超过教学大纲词汇表规定的范围。
试卷结构分析
听力理解部分测试学生获取口头信息的能力。录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读，语速四级约每分钟130词，六级约每分钟150词。听力部分分值比例为35%，其中对话占15%，短文占20%.考试时间30分钟。
对话部分包括短对话和长对话，采用多项选择题的形式进行考核。短对话有8段，每段提一个问题;长对话有2段，每段提3-4个问题;对话部分共15题。每段对话均朗读一遍，每个问题后留有13-15秒的答题时间。
短文部分包括短文理解及单词和词组听写。短文理解有3篇，采用多项选择题的形式进行考核。四级每篇长度为220-250词，六级为 240-270词。每篇短文朗读一遍，提3-4个问题，每个问题后留有13-15秒的答题时间，共10题。单词及词组听写采用1篇短文，四级的长度为 220-250词，六级为240-270词。要求考生在听懂短文的基础上用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共10题。短文播放三遍。
简介：四级考试中的听力部分是四级整卷的一个重要部分，听力水*的高低将在一定程度上影响总的四级得分。以下一些由考试专家及热心网友整理出的听力经验、技巧方法等内容，帮助大家提升听力水*。
包含内容：考试听力、复*、听力策略、备考训练
重要程度：对于听力水*不佳的同学来说是较为重要的，注重提升听力练*技巧及效率。
资源性质：经验介绍、技巧分享、效率提升
信息热度：火热关注中
篇幅长短：长度中等
一.四级考试大纲对听力的要求
在国家英语四级考试中，听力部分占总分的20%，即20分。《大纲》对于四级的要求是：对于题材熟悉，句子结构比较简单，基本上没有生词，语速每分钟约120词的听力材料，一遍可以听懂，理解的准确率不低于70%。听力是考试的重点，也是*学生的弱点。因此掌握四级听力技巧对于通过考试至关重要。
二.四级听力题型
1.SectionA(对话题)：对话题基本是衣、食、住、行等日常生活中常见的话题和学校生活的话题。
2.SectionB(短文理解题)：ScetionB一般由三篇短文组成，每篇字数在150-170左右，只读一遍，然后提出三到四个问题要求考生进行选择，主要测试的是考生的语篇记忆力和整体的听力理解能力。
听力技巧-把握主题
听力和阅读需要许多技巧。发现某段落的主题就是其中之一。
什么是段落主题?怎样才能找到它?
段落主题也可理解为这个段落的中心意思，或者是体现这个段落的主旨和方向的核心意思。换句话说就是，你找主题的过程也就是确定这个段落的主要目的的过程：它是要告诉你一件事?还是解释说明，亦或是详细叙述?它是要与其它某事或某物作比较，还是要反驳某件事，亦或是就某点说服你?凡此种种目的，不一而足。明白了这一点，你就能够比较容易地找到段落的中心意思了。
体现段落中心意思的句子叫主题句，常放在段首，而且往往是段落的第一句。其后所跟的其它句子，提供支持这个主题句的全部细节。
当要讨论的是一个比较费解的意思，或者说当一个段落的目的是要说服你时，主题句有时放在段末。
如果某个段落有着暗含的中心意思，通常没有明确的主题句来体现。这个暗含的中心意思要从这个段落的整体来把握。
听力技巧-学会放过
许多英语学*者认为听力理解的最大难点是，听者无法控制说话者的语速。往往还没来得及把一个意思弄明白，而说话者就已经转到另一个意思上去了，不像阅读书面文章那样，可以返回头重看前面的内容。这种现象表明这些听力练*者跟不上说话人的语速。有两种听不懂的情况，一种是，太专注于思索刚听到的一句话，而无法听到下面的话;另一种情况是，因为不能足够迅速地把所有听到的整理一清而遗漏了整段话。
另一个难点是听者不能老让说话人重复其前面所说过的话。此外，当你听收音机或看电视时，当然也不能让其重复。
尽管在某些情况下可以打断说话者要求其讲得更清楚，但词汇选择权在说话者而非听者。有时，听者可以从上下文发现某个词的意思。但对于听外语的人来说，一个生词经常就象突然不期而至的障碍一样，使其停下来思考这个词的意思，而把后面的讲话全部漏掉。在听的过程中，这确实是一?quot;稍纵即逝"的现象。
事实上，在听的时候，学会放过某些暂时不明白的词或句子不去追究而接着听下面的话往往会得到ss意想不到的惊喜效果。而且，说话者对这些东西往往不只说一次，或者会在接下来的话中换一种方式说，或者另一个说话人会对前面所说过的作反应。这样，没有对某个一知半解的意思苦苦思索的听者就会有第二次，甚至第三次机会把前面略过的意思补全了。
学生们要学会跟上说话者的思想速度(甚至比说话者还要快)，即使这意味着将某些没有听清或听懂的放过去。H.H.斯特恩教授说，一个善于学*语言的人是那种"能够忍受认知上一时糊涂和缺欠的人"。这一点的确是真的。要成为一个好的听者，记住这点很重要。
——英语四级听力技巧优选【5】篇
一、短对话原则
1. 推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。
2. 挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的(如买东西买不到，订房间客满等)
3. 男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。
男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良*惯、迟钝、不顾家
女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好
父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学*
除了父母教育子女外，家里(包括朋友家，阿姨家等等)发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似 at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的'。
听力短对话只考日常生活学*中遇得到事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项。
短对话十大场景及一般思路
1. 借车：车一般是借不到的
2. 吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，“派”一般比较好吃
3. 考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜
教授一般比较严厉
选修课较难较多
二、正确答案的特征
1. 含义肯定的不是正确选项，模糊的是正确选项
意思具体的不是正确选项，概括的是正确选项
意思详细的不是正确选项，抽象的是正确选项
意思肤浅的不是正确选项，深刻的是正确选项
买票：基本上是买不到的
医院：需要预约make an appointment
休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater
论文：一般需要修改(polish)或重写(rewrite)
含有一下单词的一般是正确选项
neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none
关于时间推断题
1. 直接听到的不选
2. 极限值即值最大和最小的选项一般不选
关于数字计算题
1. 灾难题(如飞机失事、交通事故)：一般选总和
2. 号码题
double 表示两个，double two =22
triple 表示三个，triple two = 222
凡是遇到一时反映不过来或听不懂的数字一般为“0”
语段题概述
从文章题材来分：三分之二考说明文，三分之一考记叙文，偶尔也考议论文，新闻报道
从文章内容来分：二分之一考社科类，三分之一考故事，其他还考自然科学，人物传记
坐车(飞机、轮船)：一般都需要等
事故(灾难)：光明原则，一般不会死人
听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的
英语四级听力技巧范文
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一.改快为慢，精听为王
很多小伙伴一听到英语新闻就蒙圈了，全然不知道在说什么。这个时候小编建议你从听慢速新闻开始，这样也可以听清单词发音，培养英语语感。同时这个时期也是词汇量进行储备的阶段。经过一段时间的训练，当你能全然听懂的时候，就可以开始听常速新闻了。这个时候就进入了真正的精听阶段了，CNN、BBC或AP News每个小时开始的英语新闻，你可以下载下来，带上耳机反反复复的听，不断的听，直到把每个表达、每个停顿、每个节奏全部听懂为止。分句分段听，八遍不行，听十遍。自己听出来的东西，在脑子里可以形成深刻的印象。
精听还有个很好的方法，就是听写 Dictation，边听边写，把所听的内容转成文字写出来。一开始做听写的时候可能进步比较慢，但只要你咬牙坚持下来，这样的训练可以让你的英语有质的`飞跃。
二.听说同步，跟读模仿
常说，学英语听说不分家。确实如此，练*听力不仅要用耳朵听，还要动嘴说。选一些难度适中的新闻，进行跟读模仿。这个时候一些语言现象也会在你模仿中体会出来，比如：英语单词的弱化、连读和省略，句重音，节奏等。这样，在跟读模仿的同时，你的口语也会得到强化。老是听新闻如果感到枯燥的话，也可以换一些著名的英语演讲进行模仿跟读。经过一段时间的努力和积累，你就熟悉了英国人或美国人的发音规律和节奏，听新闻的时候也会更加的游刃有余。
三.信息匹配，大量阅读
听是接受信息，但是这个信息如果在脑子里之前没有储备，搜索不到相关的内容进行匹配，肯定就会不知所云。这个时候就需要你通过大量的阅读报刊杂志来充实你的脑袋。现在有很多在线的新闻网站如：BBC、CNN、Reuters、New York Times等。报纸方面，小编推荐《今日美国》和《***》;刊物方面，小编推荐《经济学人》《时代周刊》《纽约客》《科学美国人》等。经过大量阅读，你不仅积累了词汇，还熟悉了新闻的套路，听起新闻来自然就轻而易举了。
2017英语四级听力技巧
英语四级听力想要快速提分，除了*日复*多听音频复述及听写，还要懂得一些英语四级听力技巧，下面是小编为大家带来的大学英语四级听力技巧。
2017英语四级听力技巧(一)
英语四级听力考试常常涉及一些地名，在汉语中，我们对地名感到容易掌握，是因为*时见多识广。其实，英语中的地名也有类似的感觉。像Paris(巴黎)，Washington(华盛顿)等，一听就能立即判断出是哪里。
在英语四级听力材料中(特别是Section B)，当你听到一个不熟悉的地名时，首先不要慌张，如果它和所设题目关系不大，可放掉它，如果所设题目和地名有关，你可以从相关信息中推理。
下面是一些著名的城市：
伦敦 London
爱丁堡 Edinburgh
芝加哥 Chicago
洛杉矶 Los Angeles
凤凰城 Phoenix
圣安东尼奥 San Antonio
西雅图 Seattle
波特兰 Portland
盐湖城 Salt Lake City
丹佛 Denver
波士顿 Boston
亚特兰大 Atlanta
迈阿密 Miami
渥太华 Ottawa
堪培拉 Canberra
日内瓦 Geneva
罗马 Rome
悉尼 Sydney
梵蒂冈城 Vatican city
撇开单纯的考试形式，熟悉常用地名对提高阅读能力也有帮助。例如：
W: Where did you go on your vacation?
M: I spent a week in Toronto.
Q: In which country did the man spend his holiday?
四个选项中，你会找到加拿大这个国家。做对这道题的前提是你知道多伦多(Toronto)是加拿大一个港市。
但是，世界上的地名太多，你的目标只是掌握一些常见的。即便如此，这也是一项繁重的工作，需要童鞋们努力去积累，这是顺利通过四级并为通过六级考试打下基础的必要准备。
2017英语四级听力技巧(二)
在英语四级听力材料中，有很多是围绕有关外国货币的内容设计的，因此，熟悉一些主要国家的货币名称也很重要。常见的货币名称可以提示你对话发生在什么国家或地区，也为证明说话者身份提供了信息。下面列举一些常见货币名称：
Dollar 美国 美元
Franc 法国 法郎
Lira 意大利 里拉
Mark 德国 马克
Peso 墨西哥 比索
Pound 英国 磅
Rouble 俄罗斯 卢布
Yen 日本 日元
其它的一些货币名称，考生只需了解。另外，考生还应知道在美元体系中，还有dime(一角银币)，nickle(5分镍币)，cent(分)等单位及其之间关系。
讲到货币，就不能不讲到银行，因此还要对银行系统相关词汇有所了解。银行是负责货币流通的机构，主要业务有：
存款 deposit
汇款 remittance
兑换 exchange
外币 foreign currency
汇率 rate
信用卡credit card
旅行支票 travelling check
遗产委托 heritage entrustment
金融市场 financial market
证券交易所 stock exchange
银行扣除 deduct
短文式听力提问方式最常见的4种类型答题技巧
1. 中心思想题：
这类问题主要是测试文章的主要思想。提问方式一般为：What is the passage mainly about?What can we learn from this passage? What is the main idea of the passage?等等。集中精力听好短文开头， 因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山，把中心思想置于文章的开头。
2. 事实细节题
考察细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物、事件、各类数字等，问题一般为：wh—questiuon形式。这种题型要求考生听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感，及时做好笔记;文中一旦出现以因果连词(如：because,so等)和转折连词(如but,however,though等)引导的句子，也要格外留心，这些地方往往就是考点。
3. 对错判断题
如：Which of the following is true/not true,according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned?等等。这种题型一定要听清提问，对于有没有not一词要弄清楚，一般情况下，not一词会重读。
4. 推理推测题
这类题型需对文中信息进行分析推断，才能作出正确的选择。提问方式有：What can we infer from the passage?What does the speaker most concerned about? What does the speaker think about the problem?等等。
英语四级听力技巧
引导语：听力一直都是众多考生的心中之痛，如何把握好听力呢?下面小编就来和大家分享一些英语四级听力的技巧吧，希望以下文章内容可以帮助到大家。
一、认真对待选项，从选项中抓关键信息。
具体来说，在听前短短的几秒之内，我们要确定各个选项的主要内容，重点标记名词、动词等实词。为了节省我们的阅读时间，提高记忆效率。
我们阅读选项时：一要竖看，确定相同之处;二要横看，确定不同之处，尤其是意思的正向负向方面。正向表示积极乐观等正能量，负向表示消极悲观等负能量。三要找出重复性高的词，这些词一般是与主题相关的词，具有路标的功能。下面我们来看真题中的几个例子。
l例1：
lA)One fifth of them were on bad terms with their sisters and brothers.
lB)About one eighth of them admitted to lingering bitter feelings.
lC)More than half of them were involved in inheritance disputes.
lD)Most of them had broken with their sisters and brothers.
竖看：
相同之处： them
横看：
不同之处：百分比不同，所做事情不同
确定关键词：
on bad terms with, lingering bitter feelings, disputes, had broken with
这些词都表示家人关系如何，都为负向
例2：
lA)Less concern with money ***.
lB)More experience in worldly affairs.
lC)Advance in age.
lD)Freedom from work.
竖看：
相同之处：短语
横看：
具体内容，其中A、D为正向，C比较客观。
确定关键词：
Money, worldly affairs, age, freedom
和日常生活相关
例3：
A)They have little time left to renew contact with their brothers and sisters.
B)They tend to forget past unhappy memories and focus on their present needs .
C)They are more tolerant of one another.
D)They find close relatives more reliable.
竖看：
相同之处：they
横看：
不同之处：内容，A为负向，B、C、D为正向。
确定关键词：
brothers and sisters, one another, relatives
亲属关系
二、通过选项内容合理推测听力文章内容，确定大概话题范围。
汉语交流过程中大多情况下我们不会产生语言障碍，一方面是因为我们有一定的语言积累，另一方面是因为我们对语境有很好的把握。在听别人说话时，我们预先会推测对方会谈论什么内容，并作相关的心理准备。同样，英文听力过程中，我们也应该这样做，但是由于我们语言积累不足，常常把过多的精力放在听的过程中而忽略了听前的心理准备。以上面的真题为例我们在分析完选项之后要能推测出文章谈论的问题——生活中亲戚之间的关系。
三、顺序原则：
注意题目和文章的考点有先后顺序对应的关系。可以边听边看选项，注意在相关选项后面作上笔记以供参考。
四、 注意表示逻辑关系的词汇：
注意表示转折和对比的逻辑词：
but，however，nevertheless，while，in fact，whereas， unexpectedly, unfortunately, yet, except, on the other hand, compared to，unlike，instead，in contrast to等等。
注意表示因果的逻辑词：
as a result;since，due to;because of; therefore, thus, so
注意表示否定的逻辑词：
not, no, rarely, seldom, never
转折、因果、否定部分的内容一般是说话人强调的内容，也是考试的重点，所以当我们听到表示这些逻辑关系的词汇时，一定要注意记笔记，一般是答案区间所在。
五、强调原则：
1.含义强调 ：specially，especially，indeed，certainly，only，certainly
2.解释原则： which is，that is，which means, that is to say,
3.举例强调： for example，for instance，such as，illustrate
4.结论强调： above all，in short，in a word, in conclusion，all in all，in brief
5.重复强调;
短文中重复率很高的词或者概念往往就是该短文的主题。
六、开头原则：
开头往往会引出话题，或是交代文章要论述的.内容，这些句子需要仔细听。同时联系我们*时已有的相关话题信息进行推测文章发生的场景或是文章接下来要谈论的要点，这样有利于提高我们对下面听力文章吸收和理解的效度。此外，开头容易设考点，询问文章主题。
七、结尾原则：
在文章到最后的时刻和问题开始读的时刻中间会有一定时间的停顿。这个停顿相当重要，使得我们明确文章结束以及最后说的什么。结尾也容易设置考点，询问事情的最终结果。
八、专有名词原则：
主要是人名和机构名称。无论是不是名人，都要关注人物的身份以及地位、贡献。 如果人名或是机构名称不会写，可以根据读音只写首字母即可，但是要保证自己清楚。
九、时间原则：
如果选项中出现时间，那么听力过程中出现时间时需要做好相关具体信息的记录。
十、观点原则
需要注意文章中表示观点的句子，通常出现在例子之前，某人或机构的看法。
——英语四级考试听力技巧汇总五篇
1.地点题
【试题特点】
地点题提问的是对话发生的地点，常用的提问方式有：
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
Where are the two speakers?
【答题技巧】
地点题的解答需要抓住与特定地点相关的常用词语。这类题目的对话中一般不会提到具体场所，问题往往要求根据对话内容推测出谈话场所或某人的去向。考生要注意抓取信息词，即与特定地点相关的最常用词语。
其次，考生需要熟悉常考的地点和不同场景下人们的谈话用语，这对做好地点题很有帮助。关于不同场景下的常用词在第一节中已作了详细介绍，大家应该熟记这些场景和单词。
【典型例题】
【例7】A) At a clinic. B) In a supermarket.
C) At a restaurant. D) In an ice cream shop.
W: I’ll have the steak, French fries, and lets see, chocolate ice cream for dissert.
M: Oh, oh, you know these things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
【解析】从四个选项中可以看出，本题是一道地点题。在对话中出现了该题的关键词dissert和ordering，因此可以判断这一对话应当发生在餐馆里面。
2.人物关系或身份职业题
【试题特点】
(1)对人物关系的提问
人物关系题常用的提问方式有：
What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
(2)对人物职业的提问
身份职业题常用的提问方式有：
Who is the man/the woman?
【答题技巧】
在解答人物关系和身份职业题时，一定要注意双方的称呼语。对话中的称呼语往往会直接暴露出说话人的身份或说话双方的关系，比如Mr.一词就表明对方很可能是自己的上级或老师。
同时要善于捕捉关键词及人物语气。解答这类试题，不但要熟悉体现某种人物关系或某种职业的相关词汇，而且要注意说话人的语气和态度，比如师生之间、夫妻之间、家长与孩子之间以及老板与员工之间的说话方式和语气均有自己的特点。
听力理解部分测试学生获取口头信息的能力。录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读，语速四级约每分钟130词，六级约每分钟150词。听力部分分值比例为35%，其中对话占15%，短文占20%。考试时间30分钟。
对话部分包括短对话和长对话，采用多项选择题的形式进行考核。短对话有8段，每段提一个问题;长对话有2段，每段提3-4个问题;对话部分共15题。每段对话均朗读一遍，每个问题后留有13-15秒的答题时间。
短文部分包括短文理解及单词和词组听写。短文理解有3篇，采用多项选择题的形式进行考核。四级每篇长度为220-250词，六级为 240-270词。每篇短文朗读一遍，提3-4个问题，每个问题后留有13-15秒的答题时间，共10题。单词及词组听写采用1篇短文，四级的长度为 220-250词，六级为240-270词。要求考生在听懂短文的基础上用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共10题。短文播放三遍。
听力部分备战策略
听力对话和篇章, 心理状态是基础,
中间间隔是保障, 提前预测是关键,
发卷即可看选项, 尤其关注短对话,
场景特征需牢记, 后者说话显重要,
长对话题听发展, 起承转合是关键,
篇章听力难度高, 只听大意可通过,
抓住选项关键词, 全神贯注做笔记,
复合听写考什么, 速记能力和拼写,
*时需要常练*, 所有技巧靠基础。
听力概述
听力材料的选材原则一般基于以下三点：
一、对话部分为校园生活中的一般对话，句子结构和内容不太复杂。
二、短文部分的材料是题材熟、情节不太复杂的故事、讲话或叙述等。
三、所用词汇一般不超过教学大纲词汇表规定的范围。
一.短对话部分：
该部分一般是日常生活中的对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学*、生活等话题，场景可分为校园、公共场所、家庭、办公室等方面。每题1分。
问对话发生的地点和场所
提问人物关系或身份
计算类
人物的计划或打算
人物的感觉状态
交通或交通工具
请求或建议
释义、替换或上下文
人物的态度观点或考生从对话中获得的信息或结论
短对话题型：
1 . 弦外之音—“言外之意”题型
2 . 妙语连珠—观点态度题型
3 . 虚虚实实—虚拟语气题型
4 . 咬文嚼字—理解归纳题型
5 . 多姿多彩—生活场景题型
6 . 怪声怪气—语气态度题型
1.弦外之音—“言外之意”题型
这类题型难度较高，对话中的回答人并不从正面回答问题，似乎答非所问。这就需要我们运用解题的逻辑思维与推理过程，也就是通常所说的“顺藤摸瓜”方法来答题。此类题型中，一些句子的真实含义不是直截了当地摆在我们面前，而是我们根据对话中揭示的内容去寻找与其相关的其他事物以及它们之间的联系。可分为两类：陈述回答型和疑问回答型。
1)陈述回答型
例：M: I need to find a dentist; you said you know Dr. Smith well, do you recommend her?
W: Well, I had to see her a few times, but what impressed me most was the magazines in her waiting room.
Q: What does the woman im***?
A) Dr. Smith’s waiting room isn’t tidy.
B) Dr. Smith enjoys reading magazines.
C) Dr. Smith has left a good impression on her.
D) Dr. Smith may not be a good choice.
言外之意：女的丝毫不提史密斯的医术如何，只说了一些无关紧 要的'琐事，无非是暗示她的医术很烂，故不愿意向男的推荐。
2)疑问回答型
请掌握以下几种表达建议和表示反对的语句
表示建议：Why not...?
Why don’t you...?
Wouldn’t...?How about...?
表示反对：
Should...he/she/we/they...be doing...?
表示责怪的意思：Shouldn’t...?
例：W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house.
M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad.
Q: What does the man im***?
A) The Edwards are quite well-off.
B) The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.
C) It’ll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.
D) It’s too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.
言外之意：用问句这个结构表示说话人的反对情绪。
2.妙语连珠—观点态度题型
A) He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble.
B) He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.
C) He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.
D) He believes most college students are running wild.
分析：从男性说话中的actually一词可以听出他并不同意女性刚刚说的内容，他有自己的想法，类似的词语还有in fact，这也提醒我们，抓住短对话中的小词去揣摩说话人的态度也是非常关键的。
3.虚虚实实—虚拟语气题型
这属于一种隐性考法，用虚拟语气表达一种抱怨、后悔等情绪，主要体现虚拟语气的关键词有：if, if only, I only wish..., couldn’t have done something...without...等。
例：M: I wonder if you find my experience relevant to the job.
W: Yes, certainly, but if only you had sent in your application letter a week earlier.
Q: What does the woman im***?
A) The man is not suitable for the position.
B) The job has been given to someone else.
C) She had received only one application letter.
D) The application arrived a week earlier than expected.
4.咬文嚼字—理解归纳题型
这类题型难度颇高，关键在于后者说话当中的生词及细节较多，考生很难在短时间内完全把握对话的实质内容，能否答对就要看自己*时的积累。
例：M: Excuse me, Madam? Is the air-conditioning on? This room is getting as hot as a furnace.
W: Sorry, sir, a new epidemic (流行病) called SARS is threatening us right now. As a preventative measure (预防措施), we are told to let in fresh air by opening the windows and not to use air-conditioners.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) The temperature is not as high as the man claims.
B) The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.
C) She is following instructions not to use the air-conditioning.
D) She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over town.
5.多姿多彩—生活场景题型
总体而言,常见的短对话场景大致可分为如下三种：
1 . 学生学*生活场景
2 . 健康生活场景
3 . 交通活动场景
学生学*生活场景 考查内容
要做必要记录
同学们对于记忆的培养很重要。记有两种形式，一是用脑记，二是用手记。人的脑力是有时间局限的，超出一定的时间，信息就会弱化，甚至消失。因此，训练作笔录能力大有好处。在听较长的信息时，一边脑记并理解，一边还要做笔录，只有这样，才能有效地理解和判断。如果没有记住关键内容，所做的判断当然无凭无据，正确性就会大打折扣。
在四级考试中，听力两部分都要求考生具有迅速而准确地记录有效信息的能力。
在Section A中，有关于时间，数量推算之类的题目。做这类题目时，考生要记下有关数字，并作简单计算。否则，等听完之后，脑中暂歇的信息一经消退，你就可能无法得到正确答案，亦或出现混乱而出错。例如：
W: I only have ten dollars, is it enough for three tickets?
M: Well, you can buy three ＄2 tickets and three ＄3 tickets, whichever you like.
W: I'll like the cheaper seats, please.
Q: How much money will the woman have after she buys the tickets?
作这个题时，最好记下几个数字：10，3，2，3，分别代表有10元钱，买3张票，有2元一张和3元一张的，当你听到买票者要便宜的一种，你立即可得出她还剩四元钱。
在section B中，一短文被连续地读出来，这时记录关键信息就显得尤为重要。只有你准确地记下了有关信息，才能顺利地完成后面的题目。怎样记？记什么？我们说速记，简记；记要点，记关键词。简单到什么程度，只要是自己能看懂，能为做题服务就足够了，记的要点包括中心思想、主要人物、主要情节，有关的地点、时间、数字(要准确)等。
快速浏览选项
考生要切记，对付一切听力考试都行之有效的做法是快速浏览选择项并提炼信息点，再找出选项间的联系点。当录音人在即将开始读Directions时，这就是你阅读选择项的最佳时机。应充分抓住这段时间，速读选项，预测内容，从而做到心中有数。通过阅读，应明确以下信息：
a) 题目所涉及到的主要人物，地点等，如是场景类考题，应迅速联想起与该场景有关的词汇，全神贯注地倾听相关信息。(要准确)等。
b) 一般四个选择项的设计都会和录音内容或多或少地有点关系，以使能够造成干扰。这时，你就要比较它们之间的联系点，大胆地进行猜想，事先得到一个印象，再与听力材料结合，就会迅速找出答案。这一技巧是建立在考生有较强的阅读能力的基础上。当考生具有这一能力时，通过在播放录音前的短暂时间里对问题所设的选择项的涉及内容快速地通览一下，掌握其大意。这样，你就会有针对性，目的性地去注意听力材料中提供的信息。从而迅速地找出有效词句来，作出正确判断。例如：
选项：
A) The doctor is busy tomorrow.
B) The doctor won't see her tomorrow.
C) The doctor is busy all day today.
D) The doctor will see her today.
当你阅读了这四个选项后，你就会联想到这是关于医生的活动安排的内容。这时，你就要集中注意力在医生的日程上。请看原文：
W: When can the doctor see me?
M: He won't be free until tomorrow.
Q: What does the man mean?
你听到医生直到明天才会有空时，答案就很明显了。A)、B)、D)项都与原文所表达的意思不符。只有C)贴切。从这一点也可以看出，听力技巧的提高跟你阅读能力高低有很大关系，因此，*时还要加强阅读训练，以期能迅速理解选项意思。
当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时，那么正确答案必在此二项中出现。如果出现双重异项，那么即可判断出正确答案，异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛。
女士保留原则
西方人的思维方式，当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时，一定要注意，这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意。因为女士经常以女神的形象出面，她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息。
概括、抽象保留原则
当选项中出现比较概括、抽象的句子时，这时我们就要把表述事实的、具体的句子划掉，而去选择表概、抽象、比较性的句子。此原则可衍生出一个包含取大的原则，在作题时应用也是十分的广泛，一般当两个选项的意思接*时，表述比较全面的'一般为正确选项。
态度和虚拟保留原则
这两种方法一般无单独命题的规律性，只是作为上述四种宏观方法的辅助方法出现，当只剩下两个选项时，通常正态度的选项容易是正确答案，表虚拟的选项更容易是正确答案。
1. 对话题
对话题可以说是考生最易拿分的部分，建议考生在做这部分题目时，按以下三个步骤来完成。
第一步：预读选项。听录音前先浏览一下题目的四个选项，这是做好听力题目的必要前提。考生通过分析四个选项，再结合自己的猜测，就可以对对话所涉及的话题有个大体的了解，这样就可以带着问题去听，就能将注意力集中在对话中的关键信息点，从而减轻听的负担。
第二步：把握关键词和关键句。在听录音的过程中，考生要注意把握一些关键词和关键句。首先要注意听表示转折关系的词汇，例如but、however、unfortunately、unexpectedly、to tell the truth等。其次也要注意听关键句。在对话题中，往往会有一些表示建议或劝告的句子，例如“Why…?”“Why not…?”“Why don’t you/we…?”“It would be better to do...”“Wouldn’t it be better to do…?”根据对历年四级听力真题的分析，这类关键词和关键句之后往往是考点所在，所以考生要加以重视。
第三步：判断相关场景。考生要学会通过捕捉听力题目和听力录音中出现的关键词来判断相关场景。四级听力常考的场景有：学*场景、工作场景、天气场景、医院 场景、租房场景、娱乐场景、餐馆场景、选课场景等。判断出相关的`场景有利于考生在解题时有据可依，提高解题正确率。在这里笔者也提醒考生，由于英语是一种 模式化的语言，在固定的场景中，其词汇和表达也相对比较固定，所以考生应在*时注意多积累一些场景中的高频词汇和*惯表达，以提高听力理解能力。
2. 短文理解
短文理解部分的文章信息量大、题材范围广。从历年的考试题目来看，短文理解部分考查过社会、生活、政治、历史、文化、艺术等多种题材。由于很多短文文章逻 辑结构复杂，生词难句较多，所以很多考生都觉得这一部分很难驾驭。其实，如果考生注意分析和总结，这部分还是有很多规律和方法可循，如下所示：
① 重两头轻中间。西方人说话时喜欢单刀直入、开门见山，所以往往一篇文章的开头就是全文的主题句，即便不是主题句，也会包含很多信息，理解这些信息有利于考 生把握整篇文章。而结尾部分通常又是文章的总结句，概括和归纳了全文的中心。所以考生在听这部分的录音时，一定要抓住文章的开头和结尾。
② 注意标志性细节。听力材料中出现的时间、数字、地点等信息以及表示原因和转折关系的词汇和句子经常是标志性的出题点所在。所以，考生在听的时候要特别留意这些细节，做好笔记。
3. 复合式听写
从命题形式来看，复合式听写与前两部分截然不同，它考查的是考生的单词拼写以及对信息的迅速反应能力。对于这一题型，也有一些相应的做题技巧。
一：听写前迅速浏览全文。在这部分的听力录音播放前，考生应快速浏览一下全文，掌握文章的大概内容。根据对历年复合式听写文章的分析，笔者发现这部分的文章基 本上是采用了“总—分”或“总—分—总”的结构。所以，考生在浏览全文时，要重点理解文章的首尾几句。如果时间充裕，考生还可以快速观察一下空格前后的一 些语法信息，从中判断空格处应填单词的词性、单复数、时态以及语态等信息。
二：以听为主、以记为辅。考生在记录信息时要有所侧重和取舍，应重点记那些支撑句子结构的主要成分，即主语、谓语和宾语，而一些虚词(冠词、助动词等)则可省略不记。
听写完一定要检查。有些考生在做完听写后马上开始做阅读题，想从听力中节省时间来做其他的题，这种做法是得不偿失的。考生在做完听写后，应特别注意检查空 格处所填词汇的拼写、大小写、单复数形式以及动词的时态等是否准确。1～2分钟的检查并不耽误时间，却往往能有效避免在本该得分的地方丢分。
——大学英语四级作文9篇
Free admissions to museums
1、越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是。
2、有的人认为这样做会带来一些问题。
3、在我看来。
本次四级考试作文题目较为简单，而且对于考生来说较为熟悉，与20xx年1月的四级考试的作文题目大学校园能否向游人开放极其类似，表面上属于社会类话题，实际上属于社会热点现象，但是从深层次分析，依然与我们大学生有密切关系，话题难度不大。进一步体现了作文题目的校园性与社会性的有机结合，还是侧重对于考生基本功的考查和测试。下面就题材和体裁两方面进行点评。
具体来说，首先在题材上，没有违背四级考试常考的与大学生生活相关，兼顾社会热点的原则，也在我们点点英语四级教学团队的授课范围之中，尤其是我们在临考前给出的冲刺预测作文中的句型和短语全部可以用在本次作文中，但又体现了细微变化，从上次四级考试的关注白色污染，到这次的.关注博物馆免费开放来看，命题重点悄悄的由原来侧重于校园中的学*类话题和校园中的学生的课余娱乐方面的话题向与大学生的社会生活有关的话题转移，这个话题对于广大考生来说并不陌生，当代大学生几乎都有去过博物馆的经历，肯定对于本话题有话可说，但是是否能顺利完成，依然取决于考生*时对英语中各类表达的积累和熟练程度，这比押题来得更重要，更有价值，这一点值得未来的考生注意。
How to Deal with Sub-health
With the modernization of the world, people’s standard of living has improved a lot. Then there appears a state of sub-health among people which poses a new threat to them.
There are some tpical symptoms for people who are in a state of sub-health. First of all, those who suffer from it often have a headache or backache. Secondly, they feel like having a rest frequently. What upsets us most is that, the situation spreading countrywide. As a result, more and more workers in big cities are harassed by it, with a percentage of 75 in Beijing, 72 in Shanghai and 70 in Guangzhou respectively.
Then how can we sovle this problem effectibely? Experts suggest that the best way to keep ourselves thealthy is to do exercises. It is also very important that people should form a good living habit, for example, getting up early and going to sleep early. Only doing so can we keep us healthy.
Omen are playing an increasingly important part in society today. in today, many women have a work. they worked as well as men playing an important part in factories. there are many women in government also. they lead other people country, and make out plans. there are many scientist slso. they event new things to improve our life.
ith the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. in ancient, women’s position in family is pity. they had to looks after their children, did every how husband ordered her to do. but now it is changed. they are equal to her husband. they have the right of speaking of idea, discussion thing with her husband, do what she wants to do.
in spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. we also should realize, women’ likerty are limited. for example, many factories want men become its workers but the chance of women is less than men. everyone should do their best to change this condition. i’m sure, the liberation of women would be increased.
Career and family
When it comes to the opinion of career and family, people always hold different ideas. Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while other people argue that family is the most important in one’s life.
On the one hand, there is no doubt that career plays a key role in our life. In the very first place, career gives us an aim to live on and makes our life fulfillment. Without career, much of our living time will be certainly boring. What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on. Most people earn their income from a job to make a live. On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit. Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from pressure in life, and we can feel worm with family. In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family. Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.
As far as I am concerned, career and family are not in opposition to each other. We can concentrate on our job when we are working, and we can spend a happy time with our family when we are off duty. Therefore they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better.
How to Eliminate Noise Pollution
如何消除噪音污染
Nowadays, along with the fast pace of urban development, noise pollution has largely disturbed the normal life of city dwellers. It has becomes such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.
现如今，伴随着城市快速发展的步伐，噪音污染对城市居民的正常生活干扰很大。噪音污染成了一个如此严重的问题，所以引起了整个社会的关注。
To put an end to such a serious problem, in my mind, calls for the efforts from all sides. First of all, major factories, as main noise creators, should be moved to industrial zones in suburbs. Department stores and big restaurants should not to be established too close to residential quarters. Moreover, the municipal government should increase the ratio of green land in the city, which can reduce all kinds of noises significantly. Last but not least, all urban constructions should be stopped during the night so as not to disturb the neighboring dwellers.
依我看来，要解决这一严重的问题，需要各方的努力。第一，大型工厂作为主要噪音制造者，应该搬到郊外的工业区。百货商店和大型餐厅不应该建得离居民区太*。另外，市*应该提高城市土地的.绿化率，这能很大程度上减少各种噪音。最后但同样重要的是，在夜间，所有的城市建设都应该停止，以防打扰周围的居民。
How can anybody expect to lead a meaningful life until he is far from noise pollution? Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating noise pollution at all levels can we expect to have a better environment and a more beautiful future.
如果人们不远离噪音污染，如何期望能在一个意义的人生？只有当我们所有人都加入到消除各种噪音污染的努力中，我们才能期望有一个更好的环境，和更美好的未来。
The Problems of Plastic Bags
塑料袋的问题
Plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are provided in big supermarkets and corner stores. These bags do make peoples life more convenient. They dont need to carry cloth bags, or baskets with them when going shopping. They are also very cheap so many people always buy them.
在日常生活的广大范围内都能找到塑料袋的踪影。大型超市和街角的商店都提供塑料袋。这些袋子确实使人们的生活更加方便。他们不需要随身携带布袋子或篮子去购物。塑料袋也很便宜，所以很多人经常买。
However, plastic bags also bring side effects. The plastic bags some people throw away casually cause the white pollution to our environment, which is very harmful because plastic bags cannot be decomposed.
然而，塑料袋也带来了副作用。有些人随手扔掉塑料袋对我们的环境造成了白色污染，这是非常有害的，因为塑料袋无法分解。
People have to be careful with the use of plastic bags. They should make sure they put the plastic bags into dustbins after the bags are used. It also might be better for people to use the traditional cloth bags to hold the goods instead of plastic bags.
人们需要注意塑料袋的使用问题。他们应该确保他们扔进垃圾箱内的塑料袋是使用过的。对人们来说使用传统的布袋代替塑料袋来装东西也许会更好。
It has been said that when people succeed,it is because of hard work and that luck has nothing to do with success．Although I believe that hard work is very important and is the surest way to success for most people,I must disagree with this statement．It cannot be denied that luck often plays an important role in success．For example,many important discoveries have been made by accident．There have been many cases of researchers and inventors making major breakthroughs while they were actually trying to solve another problem or create a different device．
Furthermore,there is something to be said for sim* being in the right place at the right time-perhaps meeting someone by chance who can offer a good job or rare opportunity．And of course,there are the rare examples of gamblers and lottery winners who beat the odds and achieve sudden and unexpected success．
While the influence of luck cannot be ignored,this is not to say that one should depend on it and ignore the value of hard work．If one is willing to work hard,I believe that success will eventually be achieved,with or without the added benefit of luck．Moreover,hard work is often an essential ingredient of luck because it enables one to take advantage of a lucky encounter．If the scientist has not worked hard to develop his knowledge and skills,he may not recognize that lucky breakthrough when it comes along．Therefore,my suggestion is not to count on luck to bring you success．Instead,work hard and keep your eyes open for that lucky opportunity．
Teachers Should Put Students First
"Runner Fan", nickname of Fan Meizhong, who ran out of the classroom leaving his students behind during the May 12 earthquake, has caused a controversy concerning traditional Chinese values. Many people regard his action as wrong and a direct violation of teachers' responsibility and I would have to agree with them.
Firstly, it is the responsibility of a teacher to protect his students' safety by law. Being concerned solely fol his own life and leaving his students behind while fleeing violates the spirit of the law. In an emergency, each teacher is responsible for the direct supervision of his students. Furthermore, it will be of great help if they can direct the evacuation of their students to designated assembly areas in accordance with warning signals and written notification. It is out of the question that they should not remain with their students until rescue crews arrive. Secondly, teachers act as a role model for their students. The Compulsory Education Law does stipulate that “a teacher should be a model of virtue for others and should be devoted to the education of the people." Teachers not only teach students how to think, but also how to behave to support others in society. Fleeing the classroom and leaving the students behind in an emergency sets a bad example for students.
To conclude, teachers are responsible for students' safety in an emergency. Teachers are expected to demonstrate responsible behaviour and they ought to be specifically trained to deal with emergency situations. (248 words)
题目要求：
Directions: Write a composition entitled On Disasters. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 人的一生中，可能会遇到一些灾难事件，给我们的.生活带来意外的打击。
2. 面对灾难，我们应该坚强，不要过于沉湎于悲痛，要积极面对人生。
3. 我的看法。
参考范文：
Sample:
On Disasters
An old saying goes: Life is full of roses and thorns. As we all know, one’s life is full of unexpected events, some of which are wonderful and some of which are disastrous. Those heavy blows, such as, floods, snowstorms, and earthquakes, threaten to weigh one down.
However、it’s even worse if one can’t drag himself out of the grief in that mental break-down is more serious than the disaster itself. Instead of indulging oneself in sadness, one should take positive attitude towards life and contribute to the reconstruction of his or her life and hometown.
As for me, if I am lucky enough to survive in a disaster, I will try my best to help those who are suffering by donation blood or money. If I am a victim, I will endeavor to recover from the sadness as soon as possible and be certain to be strong and supportive to the recovery work.
——6月英语四级听力原题及答案「」3篇
1. W： I can‘t seem to reach the tea at the back of the cupboard.
M： Oh… Why don‘t you use the ladder? You might strain your shoulder.
Q： What does the man suggest the woman do?
2. W： Since it‘s raining so hard， let’s go and see the new exhibits.
M： That‘s a good idea. Mary Johnson is one of my favorite painters.
Q： Where does the conversation most probably take place?
3. M： I hear the students gave the new teacher an unfair evaluation.
W： It depends on which student you are talking about.
Q： What does the woman im*?
4. W： It must have taken you a long time to fix up all these book shelves.
M： It wasn‘t too bad. I got Doris to do some of them.
Q： What does the man mean?
5. W： Rod， I hear you‘ll be leaving at the end of this month. Is it true?
M： Yeah. I‘ve been offered a much better position with another firm. I’d be a fool to turn it down.
Q： Why is the man quitting his job?
6. W： I honestly don‘t want to continue the gardening tomorrow， Tony?
M： Neither do I. But I think we should get it over with this weekend.
Q： What does the man mean?
7. W： You‘ve already furnished your apartment?
M： I found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.
Q： What do we learn from the conversation?
8. W： Has the mechanic called the bus repairers?
M： Not yet .I‘ll let you know when he calls.
Q： What do we learn from the conversation?
9. A She had a job interview to attend
10. C Submit her roommate's assignment
11. A Where Dr. Ellis's office is located
12. C He can handle it quite well
13. B The 6:30 one
14. C The time on the train is enjoyable
15. A Reading newspapers.
Passage One
Most American college students need to be efficient readers. This is necessary because full-time students probably have to read several hundred pages every week. They don't have time to read a chapter three or four times. They need to extract as much information as possible from the first or second reading.
An extraordinarily important study skill is knowing how to mark a book. Students mark the main ideas and important details with a pen or pencil, yellow or blue or orange. Some students mark new vocabulary in a different color. Most students write questions or short notes in the margins. Marking a book is a useful skill, but it's important to do it right. First, read a chapter with one pen in your hand and others next to you on the desk. Second, read a whole paragraph before you mark anything. Don't mark too much. Usually you will mark about 10% of a passage. Third, decide on your own system for marking. For example, maybe you will mark main ideas in yellow, important details in blue and new words in orange. Maybe you will put question marks in the margin when you don't understand something and before an exam. Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time.
16. What should American college students do to cope with their heavy reading assignments?
17. What suggestion does the speaker give about marking a textbook?
18. How should students prepare for an exam according to the speaker?
Passage Two
The thought of having no sleep for 24 hours or more isn't a pleasant one for most people. The amount of sleep that each person needs varies. In general, each of us needs about 8 hours of sleep each day to keep us healthy and happy. Some people, however, can get by with just a few hours of sleep at night.
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps. But everyone needs some rest to stay alive. Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception to this. Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a real exception, for supposedly, he never slept!
Al Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersy. They hoped to challenge the claim that he never slept. But they were surprised. Though they watched him every hour of the day, they never saw Herpin sleeping. He did not even own a bed. He never needed one.
The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen newspapers. His doctors were puzzled by the strange case of permanent sleeplessness. Herpin offered the only clue to his condition. He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he had been born. Herpin died at the age of 94, never, it seems, having slept at all.
19. What is taken for granted by most people?
20. What do doctors think of Al Herpin's case?
21. What could have accounted for Al Herpin's sleeplessness?
Passage Three
Hetty Green was a very spoiled, only child. She was born in Massachusetts USA in 1835. Her father was a millionaire businessman. Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of two her father took her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares. At the age of six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account. Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars. She went to New York and invested on Wall Street. Hetty saved every penny, eating in the cheapest restaurants for 15 cents. She became one of the richest and most hated women in the world. At 33 she married Edward Green, a multi-millionaire, and had two children, Ned and Sylvia.
Hetty’s meanness was well-known. She always argued about prices in shops. She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone for her much loved dog. Once she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for it. She never bought clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt. Worst of all, when her son, Ned, fell and injured his knee, she refused to pay for a doctor and spent hours looking for free medical help. In the end Ned lost his leg. When she died in 1916 she left her children 100 million dollars. Her daughter built a hospital with her money.
22. What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?
23. How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?
24. Why was Hetty Green much hated?
25. What do we learn about Hetty's daughter?
2014年6月英语四级真题听力短文部分答案部分：
16. D Get key information by reading just once or twice
17. A Choose one's own system of marking
18. B By reviewing only the marked parts.
19. D Everybody needs some sleep for survival.
20. C It is a rare exception
21. B His mother's injury just before his birth.
22. C She developed a strong interest in finance
23. D She inherited a big fortune from her father
24. A She was extremely mean with her money
25. B She built a hospital with her mother's money
——大学英语四级 (菁华5篇)
全国大学英语四级考试改革之后，报道成绩满分为710分，写作部分106.5分，听力部分248.5分，阅读理解部分248.5分，翻译部分106.5分。
凡考试成绩在220分以上的考生，由国家教育部高教司委托“全国大学英语四六级考试委员会”发给成绩单，不设及格线。但全国大学英语四六级规定“英语四级成绩达到425分以上(含425分)者，可以报考英语六级”。一般认为英语四级的及格线是425分。有的学校也规定英语四级过425分之后才能颁发毕业证。但现在有的学校已取消了四级成绩与学位证挂钩。对于招聘企业来说，分数越高自然更受青睐。
各部分分值
按照《大学英语课程教学要求(试行)》修订考试大纲，开发新题型，加大听力理解部分的题量和分值比例，增加快速阅读理解测试，增加非选择性试题的题量和分值比例。现行阶段的四、六级考试内容由四部分构成：听力理解、阅读理解、综合测试和写作测试。
听力理解部分的比例提高到35%，其中听力对话占15%，听力短文占20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解;听力短文部分包括短文听写和选择题型的短文理解;听力题材选用对话、讲座、广播电视节目等更具真实性的材料。听力满分249分。
阅读理解部分比例调整为35%，其中词汇理解(选词填空)占5%，仔细阅读部分(CarefulReading)占20%，长篇阅读占10%。仔细阅读部分除测试篇章阅读理解外，还包括对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测试;长篇阅读部分测试各种快速阅读技能。阅读满分249分。
翻译比例为15%。翻译满分106分
写作能力测试部分比例为15%，体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。作文满分106分。
四六级口语
CET纸笔或CET网考四级的成绩为500分以上(含500分)，或六级成绩为425分以上(含425分)即可报考口试。
写作评分标准
条理不清、思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。--33分
基本切题。表达思想不清楚连贯性差。有较多严重的语言错误。--39分
基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。--45分
切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。--57分
切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺。连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。--67分
现在大家都有个误区，都以为426（含426，不含425）才过四六级啊，其实不是这样的，自从06年12月四六级改制后，取消了分数线，即所有考生都发放成绩通知单，没有合格证书。现在四六级证书都不与学位证挂钩，只是学校为了限制毕业生的英语基本水*，划定一条线，大概在390左右，每个学校的不同，有些学校还是320，你可以问下你们学校教务处就知道我说的对不对了。那人们经常说的426是怎么回事呢，他是满分710的60%及格线，现在看来是没什么意义的，唯一的用处就是你四级通过426的话你可以报6级，就这么简单。
总结下来就是英语四级多少分算过，这是一个错误问题，因为现在四级根本没有规定分数线。英语四级多少分算过，多少分不算过，这个问题已经不重要了。重要的是，大家如何才能够考一个高分。
英语四级需要好好复*的点有三个，分别是词汇、听力、阅读，
下面就和大家详细说一说。
词汇：英语四级复*最重要的事情就是记单词，四级要求的词汇量是4200，再加上词组衍生词之类的都快5000了。大家在前期记单词的时候用词汇*忆就可以了，反正就是全力加快词汇的记忆速度，尽快把单词过一遍。在中后期的时候，在真题中积累词汇。真题中的词汇都是很重要的，很值得记忆，而且在真题语境下记单词也会很牢固。巨微英语——四级真题/逐句精解就很适合记单词，这本书把真题里面的生词都详细注释，很适合基础不好的同学来记忆单词。
听力：这个题分值占四级的35%，而且这个题很难。虽然这个题大家普遍得分比较低，但是还得复*啊，总不能放弃不是。对于听力的复*，就多听听力，听真题听力音频，就反复的听，直到听懂为止。听得多了，也就有感觉了。
阅读：这个题和听力的分值一样，占四级的35%，但是这个题是大家的得分点。大家在*时练*阅读题的时候，一定要“精做”，要仔细的研读文章，认真的研究题目。另外还要多做阅读题，在做题的过程中对做题技巧进行总结。
虽说13年的四六级成绩刚公布不久，但现在距离6月14日四级考试只剩大约70天时间了。四月初是时候拉开备考的大幕了。70天的时间不长不短，你有足够的时间和精力利用这段时间战胜英语四级 特别提示：大三的考生，一定要彻底投入全新备考，因为大四面对论文和工作，是没有精力备考的，赶紧抓住今年的宝贵机会吧。
四月：基础备考
核心：词汇及语法积累
(4月1日至4月16日，每日复*时间：2小时~3小时)
打牢词汇基础是本时段的中心任务。选择任意一本四级词汇书，制定约15日至20日的背词计划。在新词方面，四级与高中水*差别不大。
背词时，需要特别训练“眼熟”的能力，不用刻意强调拼写和多重含义，不停的用翻书或重复识别的方式加强印象即可。背单词最难
的就在短时重复的循环坚持，能多看哪怕一会儿，你就战胜之前的你了。
已经做过部分真题依然但依然未过级的同学，不用过早进入做题继续错题再做再错的怪圈。可以利用做过的真题来背词，这样效率更高。尤其推荐通过播放听过的听力材料的形式，抽查自己的听写单词及短语的能力。
特别提示：多次考试处于420分数以下的同学务必尽早开动。此分数段同学英语学*方法存在重大问题。听课或看书来改正方法可能比自己学效果好得多。
四月到五月：强化备考(最核心期)
核心：真题训练
第一轮：
(4月21日至5月20日，每日复*时间：2.5小时~3小时)
谁都知道备考四六级的最佳资料就是历年真题，但如果你做真题时出现以下情况，真题基本没有发挥作用：
1. 完成一套，对答案，一段时间后再做下一套;
2. 把阅读和听力选择题作为重点，一般不写作文，不做听写;
3. 只有一本真题集。
我自己推荐的方法是：
1. 买两套真题，按照约4天一套题目的速度练*;
2. 按照考试时间，完成所有题目(包括作文和听写，写不下去也要撑30分钟);
3. 确认答案，估计分数，标记在题目之前，作为记录;
4. 分析所有错题和不确定的题目(此环节可能需要看真题解析或询问高手或者老师)，并且总结记录出现在准确选项，你选错的选项，答案对应原文等位置的生词;
5. 尝试翻译所有题目的准确答案项以及对应原文;
6. 听力至少再听两遍;
7. 努力记住第四步记录的单词或短语。
如此说来，完成一套真题的时间，至少在四个小时以上，1-4 步和5-7步可以在两至三日内分别完成。特别提醒，作文最好找老或高手批改，否则自己写下去几乎没有提高。
第二轮：
(5月21日至6月5日，每日复*时间：2.5小时~3小时)
这段时间，拿出第二套真题集，抽取大约六套左右原来做过的题目重新做。如果准确率极高，说明之前真题练*不错，反之则证明效果不佳。要特别注意重复做错的题目。
这两个月是备考的黄金期，放弃了这一段时间，就等于放弃了所有过级可能性。听课，接受引导式学*，是保证部分倍感自控无望的同学学*进度的最好方式。清明和五一长假的肆意玩耍经常会使得之前学*成果瞬间灰飞烟灭。还是那句话，坚持，就几乎等于胜利。 六月上旬：冲刺备考
核心：回顾错题，模拟考试
(6月6日至6月13日，每日复*时间：2.5小时~3小时)
几乎所有考试失败的前辈都会悲叹上场之后，考试时间不够，所以再次强化自己的考场能力成为最后时日的关键。
拿出最后剩余的真题，选择早晨的9点整(四级)或下午的3点整(六级)，计时完成题目。你需要分析自己的强弱项，提前计划在正式考试时如何利用优势弥补劣势，让分数最大化。
当然，继续背那些重复出现却总是记混的单词也是好的选择。 如果完成了上述一切，恭喜你，你将极有可能在14年6月14日的考试中获得满意成绩，并且形成一套不仅仅局限于英语学*的良好学*方法。拥有坚持的*惯和正确的方法，一切关于是否取消考试的传言，不过是朵朵浮云。各位加油。
第一，复*与自身兴趣结合，利用闲散时间。
很多考生在复*过程中，开始几天积极性高、主动性强，抱着词汇书按计划每天背单词、做*题，可是时间长了就难免产生厌倦情绪，感到备考枯燥无味，效率下降。
这个时候其实只要稍微改变一下复*方式，就能轻松地备考。比如，把业余爱好和四六级复*相结合，会在阅读和背单词上产生巨大的效果。喜欢看小说的同学，*时看中文小说，这个时候就改看中英文对照的。看的时候注意关注每个作者的用词偏好，这些书中常常会反复出现某些常看但难记的单词，或某个单词的多项用法，而一词多用恰巧是复*四六级单词的一个重点。爱看体育新闻、时尚杂志的同学也可以试着多看英语新闻，看电视的英语频道，从这些渠道来关注日常生活，在这样的情景下学*会变得更容易。
第二，听力材料浑身是宝，精读、背诵得高分。
四六级听力题的原文是考试中最简单的一部分，其中的小对话，场景真实、用语地道，是复*时可以拿来使用的好资料，把它作为备战四六级的突破口。考生可以每天抽出一段时间，将历年英语四级真题听力中的对话进行跟读、背诵，熟读每一个句子，首先对口语就会有很大提高，其次，听力原文里无论是对话还是语段，都会有生词出现，对于这些词汇，考生如果能做到一听就懂，放在阅读中自然是没有问题，很多*时背了几遍也记不住的单词就迎刃而解了，不仅掌握它的意思，还懂得如何去应用在句子中，词汇量会大幅度扩大。由此可见，四六级听力原文其实浑身上下都是宝，好好利用会令考生获益多多。
第三，提高听力绝招：坚持反复做听写。
这个方法新东方在线在辅导中多次尝试过，收效良好。即考生专门准备好一段听力录音，不看文字答案，也不看选项，直接一句一句的听写。听不懂、写不出来的地方反复听两到三遍，实在写不出来的先放在一边，留出空格。一套题听写完毕再总体对一下答案，勾出错误的和没有写出来的部分，这个时候再回想一下当时没有听写出来或听写错误的原因，是由于单词连读、弱读的问题，还是由于口音的差别，还是单词拼写不正确，然后对照着修改过的重新再听一次，这时注意之前错的地方着重听。一套题可以反复这样练*，直到自己完全没有错误为止。真题的听力语速、材料、词汇与考试最符合，所以切记此方法一定要用历年英语四级真题听力。
考生应该把英语融入到日常生活中，循序渐进地真正提升英语水*，不要过分地将它看作考试，以*常心对待，挖掘到学*的乐趣，自然能顺利通过考试。
四级相当于高考什么水*
高考英语满分为150分，如果能考120分及以上，那只要好好复*，英语四级也能大概率稳过。同理，如果你考过了英语四级，那说明你的高考英语也很不错。
英语四六级证书的重要性
获得英语四级或六级证书的学生在毕业后的就业竞争中具有优势，因为现在许多雇主对学生的英语能力有明确的要求，特别是在外国公司。你能获得英语四级或六级证书的事实是对你个人能力的一种默示。在当今竞争日益激烈的社会，你需要全面发展自己，以便在某一领域取得成功。
总之，英语四六级证书的重要性一直在增长，大学生需要在学校期间合理安排时间，提前做好准备，最好是在第一年，这样他们就有足够的时间充分准备英语四六级考试。我可以做什么来改善我的英语?英语不是你想学就能学好的科目，很多学生觉得英语比数学更难学，尤其是男生，他们无法克服，学不好就成了"短板"。
——大学生英语四级作文参考(五)份
Wechat is very popular nowadays，even the foreigners are crazy about this communicative tool. The functions of Wechat are various，such as talking to friends and paying the bill.
One of the hottest functions is to send red packet. If people want to catch everybody’s attention in the group talk，sending a red packet works well. Everybody is excited to share the money and they will feel lucky if they get the money.
This function brings happiness and I love it so much. Sometimes when I hear the voice，I will open the phone and try to get the money as soon as possible. When I open the red packet，I will be very happy.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic What Is in the Way of Paying Back the Loans. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
What Is in the Way of Paying Back the Loans
Ever since colleges started to charge the students for the education they receive, there has always been a problem for some students, especially for those from remote rural regions, to get the money for it. So the government offers them an option of borrowing money from banks. Surveys show that the number of students financing his education in this way is increasing.
However, some students, although not many, failed to pay back the loans as they had promised in the contract. The banks have a very hard time coping with this problem. And the government can do nothing effective to help the banks.I think there is more than one reason for this. Dishonesty may be one but not the major one. As is known, we are experiencing a particular phase of economic development where the sup*** of human resources is much bigger than the demand for it. So many students are not able to find a well-paid job. How can they pay the loans back? To solve this problem, I think the government should make efforts to get the whole economy go smoothly, creating more job opportunities.
irections: Write a composition entitled Private School. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
Private School
With the development of the society and economy, various private schools arise. When you read newspapers, turn on TV, or even walk on the road, you will inevitably see lots of advertisements about private schools, mainly dealing with foreign languages, computers, music, sports, and so on.
However, is it a good or bad thing to have so many private schools? As a coin has two sides, so are the private schools. On the one hand, private schools can cater to the special need of the society and the special need of people. On the other hand, they often bring people extra burden because of comparison and competition.
Every year, college students are inspired to help students with their study in underdeveloped areas in china. They have been trying their best to impart knowledge and offering help to those students who are so eager to learn.
This volunteer practice has been beneficial in two aspects. On one hand, college volunteers are really devoted to the cause. They have opened the eyes of students in underdeveloped regions to the outside world by bringing them new knowledge and thoughts. As a result, they are extremely welcome and respected by the children there. On the other hand, college students have received a rigorous training by adapting to the harsh living conditions. They are learning how to deal with difficulties and face challenges as well. What’s more, by any means, this volunteer experience will be always a valuable asset in his or her life.
In my opinion, every Chinese citizen is responsible for the development of education in china. And we college students should take the lead in response to the appeal for offering aid to children in poor areas.
It's fashionable for college students to run a business of their own, such as opening an online store or establishing a company. However, can students become successful businessmen when they still study at the college?
Some people voted to support it and defend it with their reasons. Managing a company or other businesses not only enriches their working experience and promotes their ability of communication, but also helps them make money to pay for their tuition. On the contrary, those dissenters also adhere to their ideas. They consider that running a business will definitely distract students from their study and play a negative role in their knowledge acquisition. At the same time, those college students who run their business will possibly neglect to participate in campus activities.
I object to the idea of running a business while studying at the college campus. Four-year-study at the university is the golden time to pursue knowledge and truth. Only doing appropriately at an appropriate time can people obtain their success. (173 words)
On College Students Establishing Their Own Business
Recently the government has issued some preferential policies to encourage college students to establish their own business. One main part of the reason is that the current economical crisis breaks the normal economical activities. The other main reason is that the job sup*** can not meet the need of more and more students.
Due to these reasons, the government encourages students to establish their own business. On the one hand, it can alleviate the employment pressure. On the other hand, it can shape students capability of independence and creativity. However, it also brings about problems. For one thing, the students are lack of life experience, not to mention the working experience. Thus, the success rate is very low. For another, few of the students can establish their own business because of various internal and external conditions.
As far as I am concerned, the aim of the government is good, but the realistic conditions should be taken into consideration. Apart from the preferential policies, the government should take action to help the students establish their own business.
How to Create a Conservation-minded Campus?
The cartoon give above vividly depicted that while a student is watering the flower a teacher reminds him of paying attention to save water. A conservation-minded campus is not only the place without extravagance and waste, but it also means a palace of harmony. Such a campus is clean, tidy and recyclable.
Surely, its not easy to realize such a beautiful dream and create such as an ideal campus. However, there are certain suggestions which are probably conducive to the construction of a conservation-minded campus. Firstly, its advisable for universities to make full use of clean energies as many as possible, such as solar energy, wind energy and natural gas. For example, university canteen could cook by solar energy. Secondly, its necessary for campuses to establish a whole recycling system from garbage collection to water reuse. Thirdly, strengthening the awareness of environmental protection and conservational economy is vital to the construction of a conservation-minded campus.
The establishment of a conservation-mined campus does good to maintain a sustainable development for the university in the long run. Both university authority and students will benefit from such a scheme.
When you graduate from college, you maybe be faced with the decision of your workplace, at home or go abroad? In fact, quite a few would deem that working abroad, but others, in contrast, believe working at home as the premier choice and that is also my point of view.
There are three main reasons for my inclination for working at home. First of all, after years of hard studying at university, I obtain much knowledge and skills, with which I can have little difficulty in finding a suitable job, and I am familiar with the circumstances, customs, method of work, all of which can help me work easily. In addition, at home there are many friends, schoolmates and relatives whom I can turn to help when in trouble. Finally, I wont be too far from my parents, which is convenient for me to take care of them.
In a word, my choice of working at home is based on my own conditions, my capabilities, education background and social relations. These all decide my working at home.
——英语四级写作技巧与步骤通用5篇
英语四级写作技巧与步骤
英语写作是衡量大学生英语综合水*和应用能力的一个重要指标，也是大学英语四级考试的一个重要内容，下面小编就给大家带来一些好的技巧，希望能够帮助到大家!
一、认真审题，准确立意
根据《大学英语教学大纲》的要求，四级写作是一种给题目、提示、及指导的短文写作，因此，紧紧围绕其题旨是至关重要的。在四级作文考试标准中文章是否切题首当其冲，可见其重要性。考生在审题的过程应当认真审阅作文的说明要求和所给的材料，比如段首句、提纲、关键词、图表等，确定相应的体裁(确定是议论文、说明文还是记叙文)，明确自己的中心思想，从而明确作文的写作范围和侧重点。审题的目的首先是立意，即根据题目或材料确定文章的主题思想，明确主题就是立意的过程。一篇文章只能有一个主题思想，要鲜明、深刻、有新意。 另一方面要明确题目给定的'题材及写作考试重点们还要从题目当中找出关键词，总结该题目涵盖了哪几个方面的内容，尤其是侧重点。例如"How I Finance My college Education"重点应放在"How"和"I"上。
二、列出提纲
考生在四级写作时间上要巧安排，英语四级考试一般要求在30分钟内写出一篇120个词的短文，文章虽说并不是太长，但需要有论有据，有头有尾。为了防止因时间不足而虎头蛇尾，写作时一定要安排好时间。最好用5分钟左右写下提纲和要点，以便写作时有章可循。这样做一是不至于无话可说，二是可以避免虎头蛇尾。不同的作文题型中，对提纲的要求也有所不同，在四级考试作文中，常见的是给出题目和提纲题型。因此只需要考生自己能正确有效的利用已经给出的中文提纲，对提纲材料进行加工、补充、扩展。各段的展开根据提纲的来龙去脉进行，尤其要注意确定重点，选准扩充点，将比较抽象的内容具体化，阐述透彻。
三、确立主题句
审题立意后，学生应用最精炼的语言概括出段落的主题句。何为主题句?柯群胜在其文章中谈到，"主题句是段落的中心，有提携全段的作用。"因此，主题句最好放在每段的段首，这个位置醒目突出，能让阅卷人一眼就能明了全段大意。同时，主题句结构要完整，表达意义要准确，有高度的概括性，且用词要精炼生动。
四、选择材料扩展主题句
写作材料与主题句密切相关。主题句从无数素材中总结浓缩而来，同时，它又提携着材料，材料又必须为主题句服务，详细说明并支持主题句的思想，与文章主题形成有机的统一体，任何与主题句无关的繁杂内容都应舍弃。选择的材料最好来自日常生活，真实且具有说服力。
五、文章的逻辑性
从语言学上来讲，英语是形合的语言，指的是靠形式来联合，而汉语是意合的语言，指的是靠意思来联合。比如英语的句子之间必须用连词或关系词来连接，而汉语不用连词也能表达完整的句子。因此，考试在写作中，句子之间要用相应的连接词来体现文章的逻辑性。比如：表示举例或补充说明的关联词、表示时间或顺序的关联词、表示转折的关联词以及表示原因与结果的关联词等等，考生在*时的学*中要有意识的积累这类连接词。
六、文章修改和润色
考生写完一篇文章后，若时间允许，要进行修改和润色。考生可从以下几个方面入手修改。应该先从语篇结构上检查，这主要是检查文章的主题是否明确，篇章层次是否明显，段落衔接是否连贯，内容是否切题等。另一方面就是具体检查每个段落，这一步主要检查段落是否完善，中心是否突出，段内各句是否衔接紧凑等。最后就是做语法上的检查，包括用词是否恰当，标点是否正确，句子结构是否完整，语句是否通顺等。
注意事项：
a.英语书信的格式――公函、私函;
b.应用恰当的句式和语句;
C.不要写真名。
应用型作文书信关键句式
Dear Sir or Madam
Mr. Mrs. Miss. Ms
Yours sincerely, yours truthfully,
Love,…
Yours affectionately,
开头用语
How time flies! We haven’t seen each other for a long time. All the things here are going on pretty well, I just miss you so much!
It is so great to here from you again.
I hope this letter finds you in good health and good spirits.
I trust that everything is going smoothly for you.
It is a great pleasure for me to have this wonderful chance to put pen to paper and send greetings to you.
中间用语
In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following action…
I hope you will not find too forward for me to suggest that you..
In my experience, it seems that ….would make sense in your situation.
结尾用语
1.I am looking forward to a favorable re*** at your earliest convenience.
2.Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your re***.
实战篇
2011年1月四级作文
Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below：
1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
2.为了孩子独立，父母应该……
今年的作文主题非常贴*考生的生活，给了考生很大的发挥空间，擅长写日常生活细节的学生可以写上三五个句子勾勒父母对于子女的过度关爱，而擅长逻辑思考的学生则可以更多地阐述父母怎样的行为才可以培养子女独立的品格，而过度宠爱正导致了独立精神的消失。
从具体操作的角度来说，对于基础较为薄弱的考生，这次的考试题目是比较容易套用模板的，第一段，把现实状况描述清楚;第二段，写清楚父母亲帮助子女独立的策略;第三段，呼吁父母亲多给自己一些自由。怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
但是对于能够用流畅的英语表达自己的思路的同学来说，写作如果希望取得比较高的分数，则需要注意语言必须尽可能简洁才能够在规定字数以内说清楚自己的论点，而句子的表达要求，也从有话可说，上升到言之有理，甚至上升到语言精致优美，内在逻辑严密的高度了。
How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.
For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the i mportance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.
The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parent’s trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.
关于解决问题类作文提到了类似的结构
In recent days, we have to face a problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. ----(说明A的现状).
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ----------(解决方法一). For another --------(解决方法二). Finally, -------(解决方法三).
大学英语四级真题
Personally, I believe that ---------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because -------(带来的好处).
像这样子的模板能够帮助无话可说，或者说英语表达能力比较弱的同学迅速找到思路，只需要填入关键的字词就可以完成作文。
从小学起考生就开始练*看图写句子的题型，这样的题目也经常会出现在大学的英语四级考试中，相对来说，看图作文出现的概率要小一些，所以考生*时练*的也少一些，考试时就不容易把握住写作技巧，针对这个问题，我们为大家总结了图表作文写作的一些技巧，希望对大家有帮助。
图表作文不像其他作文一样题干会给出提纲，我们需要看图来寻找信息确定文章写作思路，这无形中又增加了难度，尽管图表作文与一般作文有很大不同，但是基本的写作思路还是可以归结为以下三个步骤。
简要描绘图画直观内容
写好图表作文的第一步就是要把自己眼睛直观看到的图画内容简单的描述出来，这点在题干中也有强调。如果考生英语水*一般，无法组织好自己的语言，在对图画内容进行描述时，可以饮用图画中人物的对话。此外，这一段的描述简要描述即可，不用发散和深挖。这样一来，如果考生没看懂图画内容也可以照抄题干。
阐明观点并深层探讨
图画作文的观点一般在题干中都会清楚地给出来，考生在写作中除了需要看懂图画中的对话还要仔细审清题干，在写作过程中，考生阐明观点之后的思路与一般的六级英语作文提纲型写作一致，针对作文的观点可以先举例说明现象、然后再探讨导致现象的原因以及该现象可能导致的后果等；还可结合数字、研究、名言等材料对这个观点进行论证和深层探讨。总之，这一段就是要考生来发散和深挖内容。
总结陈述观点并给出合理建议
跟一般的提纲作文一样，图画作文的最后也要对全文进行观点总结，考生还要根据不同的图画内容和主题给出相应的建议或者评价，这一点有点类似解决问题型的作文结尾。对于第三部分的写作，考生一般都很熟悉，无论哪种作文，除了书信体以外，作文结尾一段都会要求考生给出自己的观点或意见，图画类的也一样。
英语四、六级的改革说明现在考试也开始注重创新和改变，所以作文类型也会灵活多变，不会仅仅拘泥于传统的提纲写作，考生在复*时要时刻保持对创新的热情，做到无论考试有什么变化，自己都能有所准备。
1、引用型
(1) A famous saying goes that... It means that.
(2) There is an old saying that... It’s the experience of our forefathers.
(3) The good proverb “…” reminds us that...
(4) One of the great early writers/scientists said/remarked that..;
(5) One of our ancient philosophers said... Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.
(6) “...” Such is the opinion of... This view has been shared by many people.
(7) “...” That’s how someone described...
(8) The English proverb says, “...” This is quite true because...
(9) As it is known to all,
(10) As we all know,
(11) As a saying goes,
(12) As sb. puts it,
(13) It is often said that,
(14) As the proverb says,
2、图表说明型
(1) From the graph/chart, we know the statistics of... and... It can be easily seen that...
(2) The figure of the graph/table shows that...
(3) The first graph shows us.... At the same time, the other shows that...
(4) According to the two graphs presented, it can be observed that...
(5) According to the figure/number/statistics in the table/chart, it can be seen that...
(6) The figure indicates/shows/suggests/proves that... There is a rapid development/trend of...
(7) As can be seen from/in the table/graph, there was a/an (very) slight/ sharp/rapid increase/decrease/reduction in...
(8) As (is) shown in Table 1/Figure 1, there was a gradual/sudden rise/decline in...
(9) A close study of the chart shows...
(10) From the two graphs it may be inferred that...
(11) As the figures indicate that...
3、说明现象、问题型
(1) In recent years, … has become...
(2) Nowadays, ... plays an important role in our life.
(3) Now many people prefer... because it has a significant role in our daily life.
(4) Nowadays, we are experiencing...
(5) Now the phenomenon/problem of... has aroused great/wide concern in China.
(6) In recent years, there is a sudden increase...
(7) Currently there is a growing tendency to/in...
(8) In recent years, we have to face a problem that...
(9) Recently the problem... has been brought into focus/brought to public attention.
(10) One of the most serious problems many people talk about/complain is...
(11) A virtual epidemic of.. . is now under way in the society/country.
(12) ... is yet another of the new and bitter truths we have to face now.
(13) Man is now facing with a big problem..., which is becoming more and more serious.
(14) With the development of modern industry, more and more people are concerned about the problem...
(15) Perhaps most dangerous/harmful for our society/college is the tendency!
phenomenon of. . . which, is obvious /evident in..
(16) Today, the world is faced with the problem...
(17) In recent few years, there is a sharp increase/decline in...
(18) In the past few years, a trend of... has been becoming more and more clear.
(19) It seems that the whole society is talking about... 4、对立观点型
(1) Some people are inclined to... for the following reasons.
(2) Some people think that... They claim that...
(3) Some people believe that... They point out the fact that...
(4) Now it is widely believed that...
(5) These days we often hear about...
(6) We are often shown that...
(7) Some people tend to... while they are asked... (8) When asked about.., some people say that...
(9) Nowadays, ... becomes popular in our daily life.
(10) . . . is a common occurrence in our lives.
(11) When it comes to... some people think...
提升考生英语四级考试写作应试技能和步骤：
1.认真审题，准确立意
根据《大学英语教学大纲》的要求，四级写作是一种给题目、提示、及指导的短文写作，因此，紧紧围绕其题旨是至关重要的。在四级作文考试标准中文章是否切题首当其冲，可见其重要性。考生在审题的过程应当认真审阅作文的说明要求和所给的材料，比如段首句、提纲、关键词、图表等，确定相应的体裁(确定是议论文、说明文还是记叙文)，明确自己的中心思想，从而明确作文的写作范围和侧重点。审题的目的首先是立意，即根据题目或材料确定文章的.主题思想，明确主题就是立意的过程。一篇文章只能有一个主题思想，要鲜明、深刻、有新意。 另一方面要明确题目给定的题材及写作考试重点们还要从题目当中找出关键词，总结该题目涵盖了哪几个方面的内容，尤其是侧重点。例如"How I Finance My college Education"重点应放在"How"和"I"上。
2.列出提纲
