1、"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法 功能而决定的。
2、关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。
3、They stayed with me for three weeks, __________ they drank all the wine I had.
4、---- How do you like the cake? ---- It’s quite different from _________ I had last month.
5、The Nile, ___________electricity is produced, no longer destroys villages and crops.
6、In the 1950s, _________ blacks didn’t have equal rights, a lot of marches took place.
7、Which of the two cows ______________you keep produces more milk?
8、He paid the boy US $10 for washing ten windows, most ___________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least year. A. these B. those C. that D. of which
9、Raadfdsits make their homes in fields _________ hide their young under bushes or among tall grasses.
10、Who is that comrade _______ was there? A. whom B. that C. which D. whose
11、It was twelve o’clock ______they finished the work. 5)A. whom B. whoC. when D. because
12、He often helps the students __________ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
13、Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is _______ watch ________ Helen lost the other day?
14、There is a popular belief among parents ___________ schools don’t pay any attention to handwriting.
15、The great trouble he __________ show us how to run the machine _______ him completely tired.
16、The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earthquakes can be forecast.
17、(2001) The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
18、(1996) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as a child.
19、The last place we visited was the Great Wall.
20、Next month, you’ll spend in your hometown is coming.
21、John got beaten in the game , had been expected .
22、Is there any one in you class family is in the city .
23、I’ll tell you he told me last month .
24、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday?
25、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.
26、The second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
27、Finally came the day he bad to beging his study for the next term.
28、Is there anything to you .
29、The old woman has two sons ,one is a teacher.
30、You may take anything useful .
31、He tore up my photo and upset me .
32、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers .
33、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp .
34、C 42 C 43 C 44 B 45 B 46 C 47C 48 B 49 A 50A
35、以f和fe结尾的名词变复数时，首先将f和fe变为v， 再加-es，我们也可用一句话来记，―狼（wolf）和小偷（thief）的妻子（wife）用小刀（knife）威胁书架（shelf）上的半片（half）叶子（leaf）的生命（life）。另外记住一些常见特殊词，eg: roof—roofs.
36、有些名词的复数变化是不规则的，eg: man-men， woman-women， child-children， chinese- chinese， sheep-sheep等，*时多留心，稍微加以归纳，是不难发现其的特征的。
37、The girl in red has just come back from Australia.
38、She’s on the People’s Daily.
39、lie 的变化
40、―同源宾语‖的七个常用词
——高中定语从句讲解语法 40句菁华
1、以that引导主语从句时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把真正主语后移, 如在以下句型中就是如此: It is + adj / n + that...; It is said / reported / hoped that...
2、whether引导主语从句时, 常置于句首 (此时whether不能用if代替), 也有后移的用法 (此时whether可以用if代替)
3、连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why引导主语从句时, 一般不后移
4、关于宾语从句的 “否定转移”: 主句的谓语动词为这些词( think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, guess等)时, 宾语从句的否定转移到主句中去
5、与or not连用时:
6、A. which B. that C. when D. where 2)A. where B. that C. which D. what
7、I’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago.
8、In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _________ they could turn for help.
9、A paper plant is __________ paper is made.
10、Bob’s father, ____________, spent four years in Egypt. A. that worked on the project
11、Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that
12、China has hundreds of islands,_____________ the largest is .
13、He often helps the students __________ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
14、Is there a restaurant around ____I have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where
15、There is a popular belief among parents ___________ schools don’t pay any attention to handwriting.
16、---- Was _______Bill, _____________ played football well, _________ helped the blind man cross the road? ---- Yes, you are right. He is always ready to help others.
17、His sister has become a teacher, ___was what she wanted to be.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which
18、The great trouble he __________ show us how to run the machine _______ him completely tired.
19、(1995 上海) In the office I never seem to have time until 5:30 p.m.,__________ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time
20、The baby _________is not hers. A. of that she is taking good care B. who she is taking good care
21、(1994) The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.
22、(1996) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as a child.
23、The railway tunnel, though the train goes, will be completed soon.
24、There is no dictionary you can find everything.
25、I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm.
26、There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities.
27、They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English .
28、Crusoe’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely .
29、has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules.
30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.
31、I’ll tell you he told me last month .
32、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.
33、I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library .
34、The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all.
35、We hope to get such a tool he is using .
36、You may take anything useful .
37、The brave man , the tiger was shor is a good bunter.
38、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp .
39、B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C
40、D 52 D 53 B 54 B 55 A
——what引导的定语从句3篇
1)However，what happened later proved me wrong.
2)Franklin Blake，meanwhile，received a letterfromRosanna saying that she knew what he had done on the night the Moonstone disappeared.
这两句话都运用了what引导名词性从句，如果我们*时常读英语文章或常做英语试题，就不难发现what的使用无处不在。下面就归纳总结what引导名词性从句的用法，希望对同学们有所帮助。
一.引导主语从句
1)What we need is more time.
我们所需要的是更多的时间.
2)What really * is that she wore a pair of white shoes.
真正麻烦的是她穿了一双白鞋.
二.引导宾语从句
1)People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very differentfromwhat it is today.
很久以前当生活与现在的生活完全不同时，人们或许更诚实.
2)People have heard what the President has said;they are waiting to see what he will do.
人们已经听到了总统所说的;他们正等着看总统会做什么.
三.引导表语从句
1)Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just what worries the public.
是否能找到阻止污染的方法就是所令民众担心的事儿.
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的.整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
as 引导定于从句：
1、as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成the same ...as, such...as等结构。（此题为此应用）
2、as引导非限定性定于从句。as在定于从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定于从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前。如：As we all know, he studies very hard.
关系代词as和which的区别
①二者都可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来修饰或限制整个 主句的内容，有时可以互换使用。
【例】
He is a foreigner,as/which I know from his accent.
从他的口音我知道他是个外国人。
②定语从句放在句首时，只用as，不能使用which。
【例】
AS anybody can see,a com*r can do almost everything people can.
正如人人所见，计算机几乎可以做人能做的一切事。
③当非限制性定语从句为否定句时，常使用which引导。
【例】
Mr Zhang usually criticizes Mary in public, which shedoesn't like at all.
张老师经常在公开场合批评玛丽，这是她根本不喜欢的。
④当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时，常使用which引导。
【例】
Little Bob always tells a lie,which his parents find strange.
小鲍勃总是说谎，这使他的父母感到很吃惊。
⑤当as在从句中作主语时，后面的谓语动词常常使用被动语态；如果从句中是主动语态，一般多使用which。
【例】
She has been late again,as was expected.
她又迟到了，这在意料之中。
Tom made great Progress in Chinese,whlch made us delighted.
汤姆的中文取得了很大的进步，这使我们很高兴。
一、引导主语从句
that与what都可引导主语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。如：
——菜根谭全文译文讲解 50句菁华
1、得意须早回头，拂心莫便放手
2、路要让一步，味须减三分
3、事悟而痴除，性定而动正
4、作事勿太苦，待人勿太枯
5、富者应多施舍，智者宜不炫耀
6、人能放得心下，即可入圣超凡
7、我见害于心，聪明障于道
8、伏魔先伏自心，驭横先*此气
9、忘功不忘过，忘怨不忘恩
10、人死留名，豹死留皮
11、心地须要光明，念头不可暗昧
12、阴恶之恶大，显善之善小
13、君子居安思危，天亦无用其技
14、虚心明义理，实心却物欲
15、厚德载物，雅量容人
16、忧劳兴国，逸豫亡身
17、心公不昧，六贼无踪
18、养天地正气，法古今完人
19、当念积累之难，常思倾覆之易
20、顺境不足喜，逆境不足忧
21、富贵而恣势弄权，乃自取灭亡之道
22、不可乘喜而轻诺，不可因醉而生［目真］，不可乘快而多事，不可因倦而鲜终。
23、彩笔描空，笔不落色，而空亦不受染；利刀割水，刀不损锷，而水亦不留痕。得此意以持身涉世，感与应俱适，心与境两忘矣。
24、翠筱傲严霜，节纵孤高，无伤冲雅；红蕖媚秋水，色虽艳丽，何损清修。
25、定云止水中，有鸢飞鱼跃的景象。风狂雨骤处，有波澜恬静的目光。——洪应明《菜根谭》
26、读书不见圣贤，如铅椠佣。居官不爱子民，如衣冠盗。讲学不尚躬行，如口头禅。立业不思种德。如眼前花。
27、恩宜自淡而浓，先浓后淡者人忘其惠；威宜自严而宽，先宽后严者人怨其酷。
28、两个空拳握古今，握住了还当放手；一条竹杖挑风月，挑到时也要息肩。
29、芦花被下，卧雪眠云，保全得一窝夜气；竹叶杯中，吟风弄月，躲离了万丈红尘。《菜根谭》
30、念头宽厚的，如春风煦育，万物遭之而生；念头忌□［克寸］的，如朔雪阴凝，万物遭之而死。
31、贫贱骄人，虽涉虚骄，还有几分侠气；英雄欺世，纵似挥霍，全没半点真心。糟糠不为彘肥，何事偏贪钩下饵；锦绮岂因牺贵，谁人能解笼中囵［囗＋化］。
32、琴书诗画，达士以之养性灵，而庸夫徒赏其迹象；山川云物，高人以之助学识，而俗子徒玩其光华。可见事物无定品，随人识见以为高下。故读书穷理，要以识趣为先。
33、人只一念贪私，便销刚为柔，塞智为昏，变恩为惨，染洁为污，坏了一生人品。故古人以不贪为宝，所以度越一世。
34、身不宜忙，而忙于闲暇之时，亦可儆惕惰气；心不可放，而放于收摄之后，亦可鼓畅天机。
35、身如不系之舟，一任流行堪止，心似既灰之木，何妨刀割香涂、——洪应明《菜根谭》
36、使人有面前之誉，不若使其无背后之毁；使人有乍交之欢，不若使其无久处之厌。
37、士人有百折不回之真心，才有万变不穷之妙用。立业建功，事事要从实地着脚，若少慕声闻，便成伪果；讲道修德，念念要从虚处立基，若稍计功效，便落尘情。
38、世态有炎凉，而我无嗔喜；世味有浓淡，而我无欣厌《菜根谭》
39、势利纷华，不*者洁，*之而不染者尤洁《菜根谭》
40、天理路上甚宽，稍游心胸中，使觉广大宏朗；人欲路上甚窄，才寄迹眼前，俱是荆棘泥涂。
41、天之机缄不测，抑而伸、伸而抑，皆是播弄英雄、颠倒豪杰处。君子只是逆来顺受、居安思危，天亦无所用其伎俩矣。
42、为善而欲自高胜人，施恩而欲要名结好，修业而欲惊世骇俗，植节而欲标异见奇，此皆是善念中戈矛，理路上荆棘，最易夹带，最难拔除者也。须是涤尽渣滓，斩绝萌芽，才见本来真体。
43、唯大英雄能本色，是真名士自风流。——洪应明《菜根谭》
44、我果为洪炉大冶，何患顽金钝铁之不可陶熔。我果为巨海长江，何患横流污渎之不能容纳。——洪应明《菜根谭》
45、心体光明，暗室中有青天；念头暗昧，白日下有厉鬼。
46、学者动静殊操、喧寂异趣，还是锻炼未熟，心神混淆故耳。须是操存涵养，定云止水中，有鸢飞鱼跃的景象；风狂雨骤处，有波恬浪静的风光，才见处一化齐之妙。
47、一念过差，足丧生*之善；终身检饬，难盖一事之愆。——洪应明《菜根谭》
48、饮宴之乐多，不是个好人家。声华之*胜，不是个好士子。名位之念重，不是个好臣工。
49、簪缨之士，常不及孤寒之子可以抗节致忠；庙堂之士，常不及山野之夫可以料事烛理。何也？彼以浓艳损志，此以淡泊全真也。
50、芝草无根醴无源，志士当勇奋翼；彩云易散琉璃脆，达人当早回头。
——英语语法经典例题 ：动词用法与辨析 40句菁华
1、I don’t want the green coat. It is red and black colours that ______ me very well.
2、Goodbye, Mr Carter — my secretary will _____ you to the door.
3、The plan looks good on paper, but will it _____?
4、What’s the matter with the radio? Why isn’t it _____?
5、I missed what was happening because I wasn’t ______ very closely.
6、选D。因为A、B、C均为终止性动词，均不能连用 for about six years 这样的一段时间。
7、选A。填空句为强调句，强调主语 red and black colours，故其后的谓语要用复数，即排除C和D。另外，fit 与suit区别是：fit 表示“适合”或“合身”等(及物或不及物)，主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合，而 suit 表示“适合”，主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。
8、选A，work 在此的意思是“起作用”、“奏效”。
9、选B。work 在此的意思是“运作”、“运转”。
10、选C。miss 指“错过”。
11、均可与一段时间连用，表示“在……之后”，但 after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，因此通常与过去时连用;而 in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后，因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。如：
12、after 除与一段时间连用外，还可与一点时间连用，此时可用于将来时(注：in 不能与一点时间连用)。如：
13、Do not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.
14、Recently the south of our country has been worst ________ by the drought.
15、It's no surprise she's leaving the course—she's never really________.
16、—Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?
17、While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to ________down their expenses.
18、The China National Environmental Monitoring Centre________ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.
19、Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
20、Both parents and teenagers should try their best to communicate more with each other and ________ the gap between them.
21、It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.
22、Had she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.
23、The keys were ________ to our neighbours du ring our absence.
24、B 考查动词词义辨析。此处pour into意为“涌向……”。句意：大城市房价一直上升的原因之一是人们大量地涌入过度拥挤的大城市。
25、A 考查动词短语辨析。此处turn away意为“拒绝”。句意：……我们排队等了一个小时，结果在门口被拒绝了。
26、B 考查动词短语辨析。 句意：秘书要把办公室留下的许多事补回来，因为她已经外出好多天了。make up“弥补”，符合语境。take up占据;work out算出;carry out执行。都不合句意。
27、A 考查 动词词义辨析。句意：你挣多少钱不重要，重要的是你怎样挣钱。
28、C 考查动词辨析。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想象的。spot认出，发现; dismiss开除，解散; distinguish区分。都不符合语意。shelter…from… 保护……免受(危险等)。
29、B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：昨天晚上我们确实因为钱的问题吵了一架，但现在我们已经和好了。注意关键信息did have a quarrel和but。take up占据(时、空)，从事;make up弥补，和解;put up举起，张贴;bring up教育，培养，提出。根据句意可知B项正确。
30、不可数名词的数
31、名词所有格
32、Two ____, please.
33、Two ____ walk didn't made me tired.
34、He was an ____ in the government ____.
35、____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.
36、I'll have to buy ____ trousers.
37、One splendid mountain____ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.
38、We all know that______speak louder than words.
39、He dropped the ___and broke it . (Met 1993, 38)
40、作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
